聚亚苯基苯并二(口恶)唑的热分解行为

用热失重方法分析了聚亚苯基苯并二唑(PBO)纤维在不同气氛中的热分解行为,采用O zaw a法计算了PBO纤维在氮气和空气两种气氛中的热分解活化能。结果表明升温速率对PBO纤维的热分解温度有较大影响;氧气作为热分解反应的引发剂,大大降低了分解反应的活化能;由IR光谱对不同温度裂解产物结构的分析,推测了热氧化降解对PBO纤维分子结构的影响;在不同失重率时几乎相同的热分解活化能,表明无论热分解的气氛如何,PBO纤维的热分解均是一个无规引发的单阶段过程;结合PBO纤维在两种气氛中的热分解机理,解释了分解气氛对残碳率的影响。     

制造业污泥热重分析特性研究

用非等温热重分析法对制造业产生的污泥热重特性进行了研究,并分析了不同升温速率、不同气氛（N2、空气）对热解气化特性的影响,发现物料升温速率的增加会使TG、DTG曲线向高温方偏移,同时使DTG的主峰值减小,而次峰值增大。通过对制造业污泥的表观反应计算和试验污泥类危险废物的热重过程,基本上可以反应出物料的失重过程。     

用差热分析法(DTA)测定市售安乃近片开环表观活化能及纯度分析

利用差热分析法（DTA）研究了在升温速率10℃／min，静态空气气氛下安乃近原药和市售安乃近片的开环分解过程的峰值和热焓及在不同升温速率条件下市售安乃近片开环表观活化能．通过开环峰值和热焓的比较来检验纯度与紫外分光光度法测定结果相一致．研究表明，安乃近开环表观活化能较高，热稳定性较好，但随着纯度的降低开环表观活化能变低，说明赋形荆会降低安乃近的热稳定性．     

CaCO3分解机理和动力学参数的研究

在升温速率为5-30K/min的范围内利用热天平对平均数径为13.4μm的CaCO3进行了分解过程的实验研究，应用等转化率法，在不假定机理函数的情况下，得到了CaCO3分解的活化能随转化率变化的规律，并将转化率外推为零，得到了理论上新物相晶核形成时的活化能Eα→0=243.62kj/mol，同时，对于N2气氛，不同升温速率下CaCO3的热分解，在假定CaCO3分解机理函数的情况下，得到了30种不同机理函数所对应的动力学参数，将升温速率外推为零，得到了理论上系统处于平衡状态下的动力学参数Eβ→0与InAα→0，将Eβ→0与Eα→0相比较，确定了CaCO3分解的最可能机理是n=2/3的成核与生长过程。     

聚亚苯基苯并二唑的热分解行为

用热失重方法分析了聚亚苯基苯并二唑（PBO）纤维在不同气氛中的热分解行为,采用Ozawa法计算了PBO纤维在氮气和空气两种气氛中的热分解活化能.结果表明升温速率对PBO纤维的热分解温度有较大影响;氧气作为热分解反应的引发剂,大大降低了分解反应的活化能;由IR光谱对不同温度裂解产物结构的分析,推测了热氧化降解对PBO纤维分子结构的影响;在不同失重率时几乎相同的热分解活化能,表明无论热分解的气氛如何,PBO纤维的热分解均是一个无规引发的单阶段过程;结合PBO纤维在两种气氛中的热分解机理,解释了分解气氛对残碳率的影响.     

微细菱镁矿热分解过程及动力学

采用TG-DSC热分析技术,在不同升温速率下对高纯微细菱镁矿进行热分解动力学研究.结果表明:随着升温速率的增大,菱镁矿分解速率不断增大且最大分解速率也向高温区偏移.首先使用Hu-Gao-Zhang方程对不同升温速率的TG数据进行计算,确定了热分解机理函数的唯一性和活化能.进而采用双等双步法和产品形貌分析,确定其最概然机理函数为f(α)=2(1-α)^1/2,热分解沿解理面向内进行,属于典型的相边界反应.最后利用Flynn-Wall-Ozawa方程求得指前因子,建立了微细菱镁矿的热分解动力学方程.用两组不同升温速率的TG数据对所建立方程进行验证,方程合理.     

含萘环聚醚砜醚酮酮热分解动力学研究

以热重法研究了新型含萘环聚醚砜醚酮酮(PESEKK)在N2和空气中不同升温速率时的热降解过程.结果表明,PESEKK在空气中的热降解过程为二步反应,在N2中为一步反应;随着升温速率的增大,其降解温度线性升高,在N2中的降解温度比空气中的高.由Ozawa等失重百分率法求得PESEKK在N2中失重0%～30%的反应活化能在230.2～239.5kJ·mol-1,频率因子A值在2.315×1014～4.718×1014min-1之间,并确定了其热降解反应的表观反应级数为1.     

桐油多元醇的热重及热分解动力学研究

利用TG-DTG技术在不同升温速率下研究了本实验室所制备的两种桐油多元醇的热分解行为,并通过Kissinger法确定了热分解动力学参数.结果表明:在氮气气氛下随着升温速率的增加,桐油多元醇的热分解温度提高;醇解桐油多元醇的热失重过程分为两个阶段,胺解桐油多元醇的热失重过程则分为3个阶段;通过不同实验数据拟合得到反应活化能(E)和频率因子(A),为桐油多元醇在聚氨酯等方面的应用提供了相关理论依据.     

菱镁矿粉及其料球分解的TG动力学

在热分析仪上进行了菱镁矿粉的程序升温(5、10、15、20、30 K/min)热重动力学实验,用 Coats-Red-fern 积分法确定了动力学特征参数.菱镁矿粉的分解可分为开始和快速两个阶段,分解速率可用一级速率式表示,活化能分别为 130.784 kJ/mol 和 163.728 kJ/mol.升温速率的增加,开始分解和快速分解两个阶段的转换温度升高,转换分解分数降低.     

菱镁矿粉及其料球分解的TG动力学

在热分析仪上进行了菱镁矿粉的程序升温(5、10、15、20、30 K/min)热重动力学实验,用Coats-Red-fern积分法确定了动力学特征参数。菱镁矿粉的分解可分为开始和快速两个阶段,分解速率可用一级速率式表示,活化能分别为130.784 kJ/mol和163.728 kJ/mol。升温速率的增加,开始分解和快速分解两个阶段的转换温度升高,转换分解分数降低。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.