利用PCR-DGGE分析胆固醇结石和胆汁中细菌群落结构

本研究运用聚合酶链式反应-变性梯度凝胶电泳(PCR-DGGE)方法对来自8名胆石病人的8份胆固醇结石和4份胆汁样品中细菌群落结构进行分析和比较研究.DGGE结果显示,胆固醇结石中细菌含有Enterococcus,Pseudomonas等13个属细菌,其中Pseudomonas检出率最高,Klebsiella和Bacillus两个属细菌含量较多;胆固醇结石中6个属细菌在胆汁中也检测到.不同病人之间胆固醇结石细菌群落结构高度相似,但胆汁相似度较低;胆固醇结石中细菌群落结构与胆汁细菌群落结构最高相似度仅为38%,胆汁中细菌种类虽与胆固醇结石有同源性,但细菌群落结构差异较大.因此,导致胆固醇结石形成的细菌种类有一定偏好性,不因人而异,临床上对这些细菌的控制将有利于抑制结石的生成.     

利用PCR-DGGE分析胆固醇结石中细菌群落结构

本研究运用聚合酶链式反应-变性梯度凝胶电泳（PCR-DGGE）方法对来自8名胆石病人的8份胆固醇结石和4份胆汁样品中细菌群落结构进行分析和比较研究。DGGE结果显示,胆固醇结石中细菌含有Enterococcus,Pseudomonas等13个属细菌,其中Pseudomonas检出率最高,Klebsiella和Bacillus两个属细菌含量较多;胆固醇结石中6个属细菌在胆汁中也检测到。不同病人之间胆固醇结石细菌群落结构高度相似,但胆汁相似度较低;胆固醇结石中细菌群落结构与胆汁细菌群落结构最高相似度仅为38%,胆汁中细菌种类虽与胆固醇结石有同源性,但细菌群落结构差异较大。因此,导致胆固醇结石形成的细菌种类有一定偏好性,不因人而异,临床上对这些细菌的控制将有利于抑制结石的生成。     

分子生态学方法对油藏细菌群落结构分析的比较

目前对油藏细菌群落结构分析方法繁多,为得到准确全面的群落分析结果,必须选取合适的方法。群落分析方法的优劣进行比较分析,选取从新疆陆梁油田注水井筛出的11株单菌,测定其16srDNA序列,制成包含7个菌属、9个菌种的混合菌液。应用基于PCR扩增的三种分子生态技术DGGE、T-RFLP、建立16SrDNA文库比较和分析了混合菌液细菌多样性。使用PCR-DGGE方法时发现,DGGE方法可灵敏地检测到序列1 bp的变化,能将不同菌株分开,但该方法经过切胶测序后的的目标序列较短,信息量不大且有时有一定误差,较适合用于定性对比;而用于菌群结构的分析时应结合其他方法。T-RFLP法可区分大部分菌属,但数据库不够完整,不能确定细菌群落组成;因此也不适合单独用在细菌群落检测中,可用作多个样品种群多样性的对比或结合其他方法对样品进行系统透彻解析。建立16srDNA克隆文库法成功鉴定到7个菌属8个菌种16SrDNA序列,更适用于油藏细菌群落结构的分析。     

水稻根际细菌群落的生物多样性研究

从云南省５个不同水稻栽培区的水稻根际分离到２４９株细菌，它们分属于９个属和３个类群，以香农指数为群落多样性指标，对５个样品的细菌群落多样性进行了比较和显著差异性检验，结果表明热带地区水稻根际细菌的群落多样性与亚热带地区有明显差异；     

基于不同引物的湖泊沉积物中细菌群落结构多样性的比较研究

采用PCRD-DGGE技术,用两对引物对湖泊沉积物细菌群落结构进行了比较研究.结果表明:沉积物样品中细菌群落结构显示了明显的空间分布多样性差异,随着沉积深度的增加,细菌群落多样性指数降低.采用不同引物扩增的产物DGGE图谱聚类相近,均分成0～20cm和20～45cm两大类,但引物341f/534r导出的相似性Cs值在30.2%～75.9%之间,引物341f/926r得出的相似性Cs值在34.3%～84.1%之间,采用不同引物不同沉积深度样品群落结构之间的相似性和优势种动态变化存在差异.     

基于高通量测序的玉米秸秆自然发酵过程中细菌菌群结构特征

采用DNS、苯酚硫酸法每隔2 d检测自然发酵秸秆发酵液中的还原糖与总糖质量浓度,运用高通量测序方法,对秸秆自然发酵初期、中期、末期样品细菌16SrRNA基因的V4~V5区测序,分析不同时期的玉米秸秆腐烂样品中细菌群落组成和多样性.研究发现:随发酵时间的延长,发酵液中的还原糖与总糖质量浓度均呈现下降-上升-下降的趋势,测序共获得80575条有效序列,3307个操作分类单元序列,共涉及细菌18门,194属.自然发酵过程中,样品中细菌群落多样性和微生物丰度显著提高.微生物群落组成分析发现,在发酵中后期,拟杆菌门的菌群明显增加,变形菌门菌群持续减少,厚壁菌门呈现先下降后上升的趋势,末期菌属的数目相对于发酵初期,增加了69.3%.参与秸秆发酵的细菌多样性极为丰富,且在不同时间段出现不同的优势菌群.     

玉龙雪山冰川雪坑中细菌多样性群落结构及其与气候环境的关系

通过DAPI荧光计数、恢复培养和变性梯度凝胶电泳,分析了玉龙雪山不同深度积雪中的细菌数量、多样性及其群落结构.结果显示:玉龙雪山雪坑样品中细菌数量和多样性指数与气候环境替代指标W(Ca~(2+)),W(Mg~(2+)),W(Cl~-)等具有相关性.可培养细菌隶属于三个不同系统发育群:Actinobactema(37%),Firmicutes(11%)和Proteobacteria(α-Proteobacteria)(52%),其中α-Proteobacteria类为优势类群.DGGE测序结果表明细菌属β-Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria和Bacteroidetes类群,以β-Proteobacteria为优势类群,并且不同深度雪坑中细菌多样性和群落结构没有明显变化.结果表明:海洋型冰川雪中细菌数量和多样性、群落结构与大陆型冰川雪相比,冰雪微生物具有其特殊性.     

大庆油田聚驱后油藏细菌群落演替规律研究

应用分子生态学方法,研究了大庆油田聚驱后油藏微生物调剖过程中细菌群落结构变化规律。从大庆油田聚驱油藏样品中提取总DNA,扩增其16S rDNA片段,PCR-DGGE实验,通过切胶测序分析研究了细菌群落结构演替规律。微生物调剖试验结果显示,日产液下降3吨,日产油量提高11吨,含水量下降4吨。PCR-DGGE结果显示,北-2-4-P49主要的优势种群为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas sp.)、不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter sp.)、梭菌属(Clostridia bacterium)、热微菌属(Thermomicrobium sp.)、厚壁菌属(Firmicutes bacterium)和一些未知菌属。细菌多样性丰富,群落结构变化较大。对微生物调剖前后细菌群落结构的研究可以为微生物采油过程提供技术指导和实际参考。     

利用PCR-DGGE技术分析猪粪堆肥细菌群落结构

采用PCR-DGGE技术对猪粪堆肥升温期、高温期和降温期上、中、下3层共9个堆肥样品的细菌群落结构演替及其多样性进行了分析.结果表明,不同时期、不同高度层堆肥样品中有着比较丰富的细菌多样性,同时存在着明显的优势种群结构变化.因此,不同时期不同高度层堆肥微生物所表现出的多样性,直接为我们提供了"梯度效应"存在的生物学证据,为诠释和控制"梯度效应"提供了理论依据.     

烟叶表面微生物类群两种检测方法的比较研究

为研究克隆文库法和高通量测序两种方法对烟叶表面微生物类群的检测效果,确定检测烟叶表面微生物多样性的最优方法,检测了基于细菌16S rDNA和真菌ITS区域的烤烟表面微生物类群的多样性.结果显示,高通量测序得到的序列数量比克隆文库法多,两种方法检测到细菌的OTU数目相近,但高通量检测的真菌OTU数目较多;稀疏曲线显示高通量测序的数据饱和度更高;预计的群落多样性(Chao1指数和Ace指数)克隆文库法均高于高通量测序法,实际的群落多样性(Simpson指数和Shannon指数)表明克隆文库法检测的细菌多样性略高,而高通量测序检测的真菌多样性略高;在检测到的细菌和真菌种类上,高通量测序略多于克隆文库法,两种方法检测的细菌优势类群基本一致,为假单胞菌属、不动杆菌属和鞘氨醇单胞菌属,但真菌类群相差较大,且高通量测序检测到大量新的真菌序列.总体上,高通量测序方法具有通量大、产出数据多的优势,可更全面、更准确地反映烟叶表面微生物群落结构.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to