基于反射的L(0,1)导波的分段式管道腐蚀定量监测方法研究

腐蚀导致管道壁厚减薄，进而降低管道的强度和完整性，威胁管道的运行安全.提出了一种基于反射的L(0,1)导波的分段式管道腐蚀定量监测方法.通过分析不同壁厚下管道中L(0,1)导波的变化规律，提出使用反射的L(0,1)导波走时变化作为壁厚损失敏感特征，建立了反射波走时变化与壁厚损失的理论关系，根据实测的反射波走时变化和该理论关系量化管道壁厚损失.开展了实验研究，在管道上激发L(0,1)导波，使用实测的反射波走时变化评价管道壁厚损失，并结合理论关系得到对应的壁厚损失.结果表明：通过反射波走时变化可以灵敏识别和准确量化管道壁厚损失，由反射波走时变化评估的壁厚损失与超声测试值较为一致.与已有的导波方法相比，所提方法提高了对管道壁厚损失的分辨率和量化精度.而且，该方法克服了超声测试只能逐点扫描，检测精度受多种因素影响，无法远程实时在线定量监测管道壁厚损失的不足.     

低应变反射波法在基桩完整性检测中的应用分析探讨

目前我们常用的一种基桩检测方法就是低应变反射波法，该文简要的对低应变反射波法的改进方法以及它的局限性进行了分析，同时又对低应变反射波法测桩的基本原理进行简单的介绍，并根据在工程实践中经常遇到的一些问题提出相应的解决办法。     

反射波法检测桩身完整性影响因素分析

反射波法由于具有成本低、效率高的特点，成为一种常用的桩身完整性检测方法，完整性的判别可以通过对反射波的分析得出，而检测波形特征受现场施工条件、土层条件、采样位置、激振方式、桩身缺陷等多种因素的影响．波形判别的准确程度可以反映出施工的水平、检测的质量．笔者从反射波法的基本原理出发，参照工程实例，探讨了影响反射波法检测结果的各种因素，分析了在各种情况下反射波的特征，可以为工程建设提供参考．并且深化了对反射波法检验桩身完整性的认识，为这种有效的方法提供了更广阔的空间．     

检测和分离生物组织超声反射波和散射波的方法──相关系数平方包络线峰值阈值法

给出了一种适用于生物组织反射界面定位及分离反射波和散射波的方法——相关系数平包络线峰值阈值法。此法以相关检测为基础，经改进后，采用相关系数的平方作为界面检测的特征参量。通过设定阈值，在相关系数平方包络线峰值组成的集合内检测反射界面，再利用估计的反射波和入射波的比例系数将反射波和散射波分开。然后通过减小噪声对相关系数的影响，使检测性能进一步改善。计算机仿真实验和生物组织仿真模块实验表明，此法既可改善随深度增加而来的信噪比降低引起的检测率降低，又可使检测过程简化。     

速度型传感器在桩基检测中的研究与应用

讨论速度型传感器在反射波法桩基质量检测中的应用效果，研究这种传感器的频响特性，安装方法以及在检测中的激振问题等对检测结果的影响，并结合工程实例进行了相应的分析。     

有关基桩反射波法检测技术的探讨

随着基桩反射波法检测技术发展速度,很快占据了桩身完整性检测方法的主导地位。本文从反射波法的原理出发,对基桩反射波法检测技术及其局限性等进行探讨。     

低应变反射波法在桩基检测中的应用

桩基检测常用的检测方法有低应变反射波法、声波透射法、钻芯法,同其他两种检测方法相比,低应变反射波法具有数据采集快速、简便,成本低等优点,被工程界各部门所接受。本文简单介绍了低应变反射波法的基本原理,应用实例中浅部异常采用人工开挖验证,深部异常采用钻芯法验证,低应变反射波法在桩基检测中取得了较为理想的效果。     

反射波法检测大直径嵌岩桩的探讨

根据低应变反射波法测桩工作原理,分析了反射波法检测大直径嵌岩桩的技术难点,并结合某工程中的检测实例对反射波法检测大直径嵌岩桩的适用性进行了探讨,为大直径嵌岩桩的质量检测提供参考．     

深层水泥搅拌桩质量检验

本文针对深层水泥搅拌桩存在的质量问题，综合评述了几种实用的检测方法。通过钻孔取样，证实利用反射波法进行搅拌桩质量检测从理论上和实践上均是可行的，并阐明在质量检测时应结合龄期、施工工艺等影响因素，进行综合评判。     

用多路数字FIR滤波器实现动目标多卜勒反射波跟踪的硬件电路设计

讨论了飞行体生地杂波中检测运动目标反射波的基本原理；并提出了一种对动目标反射波进行自动跟踪的数字系统，本文着重讨论该跟踪数字系统的硬件电路设计及其工作原理．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.