星星草Puccinellia tenuiflora（Turcz.）Scribn.et Merr.解剖研究

利用扫描电镜技术，研究了星星草Ｐｕｃｃｉｎｅｌｌｉａｔｅｎｕｉｆｌｏｒａ（Ｔｕｒｃｚ．）Ｓｃｒｉｂｎ．ｅｔＭｅｒｒ．的营养器官，发现其根、茎、叶各部器官的组织具有显著的旱生结构特征，即根的皮层细胞破裂，形成发达的通气组织￣［１］；茎的表皮细胞排列紧密，角质层很厚，维管束不成两轮排列，而星散分布于基本组织中，髓腔较小；叶的表皮具乳突状表皮毛，泡状细胞数目较少，且深陷。叶脉维管束鞘不为典型的Ｃ＿３植物结构，两层维管束鞘的细胞壁厚度相等，内层维管束鞘壁并不加厚，外层维管束鞘含叶绿体。这些特征都表明星星草受外界生态因素影响，而演化出各种各样的形态结构来适应所生长的客观生态环境￣［２］。     

木兰科叶结构的比较解剖及其系统学意义

对国产６属１１种木兰科植物叶片的结构进行了比较解剖研究。通过比较叶的表皮、皮皮、叶肉及中脉等解剖特征，结果表明：（１）上、下表皮细胞的形态结构在种之间存在差异，（２）下皮存在于木莲属、木兰属、含笑属、合果木属的部分种中，连续或不连续：（３）叶肉中栅栏组织和海绵组织的分化程度以及细胞形态在种间存在差异：（４）中脉维组织具原始怀，维管束环状排列，具髓，外有厚壁细胞组成的维管束鞘包围；维管束的数目在属间     

紫草科四种植物茎叶解剖结构的比较研究

观察比较了紫草科4种植物茎叶的组织结构。结果表明：4种植物茎的横切面结构相似，维管束的数量及排列的疏密成度表现出种问差异；叶的结构为表皮细胞呈单层，且上表皮细胞的体积较下表皮细胞的体积大，叶肉中通气组织发达；叶的类型除鹤虱为等面叶外，其余三种均为背腹叶。     

西宁地区8种丁香属植物茎解剖学比较研究

本文利用解剐学方法对丁香属8种植物的茎的初生结构特征作了比较和分析，结果表明：茎的初生结构都由表皮、皮层、维管柱构成．其中辽东丁香和暴马丁香具有复表皮结构，除了什锦丁香和花叶丁香无表皮毛和腺毛外，其他种不同程度的具有这种结构．各种丁香基本组织的发达程度和维管束排列紧密程度不尽相同，表现出种间差异性，可为分类学提供依据．     

蒲菜营养器官的解剖学研究

研究了蒲菜营养器官的形态结构。蒲菜不定根根冠、皮怃、维管柱起源于顶端分组织中各自大独立的３层原始细胞，表皮与皮层起源于共同的原始细胞，不定根具根毛，维管束为多原型。生长锥原套为２层，茎的维管束均分散在基本组织中，分为中央维管束和周围维管束，蒲叶两面均具栅栏组织，为等面叶，两表皮气孔器密度相似。     

引进日本席草品种的比较解剖与质量分析

本文报道了对引进日本席草品种“冈山三号”和“伊索拉米”（）地上茎的比较解剖与质量分析研究结果．根据比较解剖，二者都具有大量发达的纤维．有聚集成束的，也有分布于维管束中的．组成较大纤维束的纤维细胞则相互缠绕成束．有限维束成内、中、外三层排列在基本组织细胞中．仅在茎长、粗、颜色、气孔数、基本组织厚度及茎基髓部直径大小等方面存在一定的差异．茎秆中的大量机械组织使支撑能力增加．发达的气腔和髓部为植物提供了良好的通气条件，并加强了茎的弹性和耐压力．并认为茎尖部分枯梢的产生与该处缺乏输导组织有关，且常因开花而使茎秆成为无效草．     

紫茉莉营养器官形态解剖学的研究

对紫茉莉(mirabilis jalapa L·)营养器官的形态解剖结构进行了观察和研究。紫茉莉根的结构分周皮、皮层和维管柱三部分,除有正常的初生和次生结构外,还具有三生结构。茎的结构分表皮、皮层和维管柱三部分。表皮上有多细胞毛,皮层中有针晶细胞。维管束外韧型且比较特殊,既有双子叶植物同心环状的维管束,也有单子叶植物散生的维管束。叶的结构为表皮、同化组织和维管组织。栅栏和海绵分化明显,中脉由3个维管束构成。     

木豆(Cajamus.cajan)营养器官的解剖学观察

为了解木豆营养器官的解剖学结构，采用石蜡永久制片、光学显微摄影等方法，对木豆根、茎、叶的解剖学结构进行了观察，并对根、茎、叶的发育过程进行了初步研究。结果表明：木豆主根的初生木质部多为4原型，少数3原型；侧根为3原型、4原型、5原型、6原型、7原型等，具有发达的根瘤；茎的初生构造维管束大小交替排列、成一环状，属于外韧维管束，髓腔较大，茎的次生构造木质部导管木化程度高，木纤维数量多，有髓；叶为异面叶，表皮毛为多细胞型，下表皮气孔密度多于上表皮，上下表皮均有角质层。     

新疆沙生植物粗柄独尾草的解剖学研究

新疆沙生植物粗柄独尾草的营养器官和繁殖器官的解剖学研究表明，为适应沙漠环境，其形态结构表现出下列特征：根肉质，皮层厚；茎皮层内有4—7层厚壁细胞组成的纤维带，维管束大致3轮；叶表皮细胞外壁有较厚的角质层。气孔器小，略下陷，孔下室发达，等面叶，环栅型，叶脉维管束发达；雌蕊三心皮三室，中轴胎座，直生胚珠。     

欧活血丹(Glechoma hederacea L.)营养器官解剖学研究

对欧活血丹营养器官解剖学进行研究,结果表明：欧活血丹营养器官具有双子叶植物的基本特征.根由表皮、皮层、维管柱组成,初生木质部二原型,外始式发育;次生生长时不形成周皮,只形成次生维管组织,次生木质部发达.茎横切面为正方形,由表皮、皮层、维管柱组成;茎的表皮有少量的腺体与表皮毛,4个角隅处有厚角组织分布,厚角组织内侧为4个大维管束,髓发达;上、下叶表皮细胞差异显著,上表皮细胞大,疏被表皮毛,腺点及气孔多分布于下表皮;叶肉栅栏组织发达,海绵组织形态多样、排列疏松;叶为网状脉,主脉维管束发达,侧脉及各个支脉的结构因大小不同而逐渐简化.叶柄横切面为马蹄形,有三个维管束,中央大维管束发达,角隅处小维管束简化且具厚角组织.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to