ZSM-5分子筛复氧化物催化剂的合成及催化性能的研究

用浸渍法混合负载研制出一种复氧化物催化剂ＭｘＯｙ／ＺＳＭ－５（Ｍ－Ｌａ,Ｃｕ,Ｍｅ,Ｍｅ＝Ｃａ）,考察了其对氯苯气相水解制苯酚反应的催化活性,并探讨了催化剂的制备条件与反应动力学条件的影响．结果表明：在负载复氧化物催化剂中添加Ｃａ,对氯苯气相水解制苯酚的催化反应具有良好的催化活性,在４７０℃,氯苯进样空速为０．２６６４ｈ－１条件下,氯苯转化率达８０．１％,苯酚产率为６６．８％,选择性为８３．４％．运用ＸＲＤ,ＤＴＡ,ＴＧ,Ｐｙ－ＩＲ等技术对催化剂的物化性能进行表征,研究了添加剂Ｃａ对催化剂性能的调变作用．     

SO^2—4／TiO2／ZSM—5催化剂催化性能的研究

以浸渍沉淀负载法制备了ＳＯ＾２－４／ＴｉＯ２／ＺＳＭ－５分子筛催化剂，用ＸＲＤ，ＩＲ，ＤＴＡ，ＴＧ，ＮＨ３－ＴＰＤ，ＩＣＰ等对催化剂的物化性能进行表征，考察了它对酯化反应制乙酸丁酯的催化活性。结果表明；催化剂含ＴｉＯ２为６．０ｗｔ％，ＳＯ＾２－４为３．２ｗｔ％，在最佳条件下，乙酸的转化率达９８．８％，选择性为１００Ｔ〉达到以硫酸为催化剂的催化活性。     

Ag／ZSM－5催化乙醇为乙醛及其物性研究

利用空速、氧醇比、反应温度研究了Ａｇ／ＺＳＭ－５分子筛催化剂对催化乙醇制乙醛的反应活性的影响。结果表明，该催化剂在３４０℃就有相当高的催化活性：乙醛产率达９３．０％（空速为９．６ｓ￣（－１），氧醇比为０．５０）。ＸＲＤ和ＳＥＭ等研究表明，Ａｇ是以单质的形式负载在ＺＳＭ－５分子筛上。由此提出催化反应机理。     

SO_4~(2-)/TiO_2/ZSM-5催化剂催化性能的研究

以浸渍沉淀负载法制备了ＳＯ２－４／ＴｉＯ２／ＺＳＭ－５分子筛催化剂．用ＸＲＤ，ＩＲ，ＤＴＡ，ＴＧ，ＮＨ３－ＴＰＤ，ＩＣＰ等对催化剂的物化性能进行表征，考察了它对酯化反应制乙酸丁酯的催化活性．结果表明：催化剂含ＴｉＯ２为６．０ｗｔ％，ＳＯ２－４为３．２ｗｔ％，在最佳条件下，乙酸的转化率达９８．８％，选择性为１００％，达到以硫酸为催化剂的催化活性．该催化剂具有制备简单，不腐蚀设备，无副反应，成本低，热稳定性好，活性衰退慢等优点，可望开发应用．     

Ag／ZSM—5催化乙醇为乙醛及其物性研究

利用空速、氧醇比、反应温度研究了Ａｇ／ＺＳＭ－５分子筛催化剂对催化乙醇制乙醛的反应活性的影响。结果表明，该催化剂在３４０℃就有相当高的催化活性，乙醛产率达９３．０％。ＸＲＤ和ＳＥＭ等研究表明，Ａｇ是以单质的形式负载在ＺＳＭ－５分子筛上。由此提出催化反应机理。     

La－Sm－Sn－O烧绿石型甲烷氧化偶联催化剂的研制

为了研制用于从天然气制取乙烯的，具有良好的催化活性、选择性和稳定性的催化剂，用溶胶－凝胶法合成了系列稀上－锡复合氧化物Ｌａ２－ｘＳｍｘＳｎ２Ｏ７（ｘ＝０．０，０．５，１．０，１．５，２．０）．用ｘＲＤ对其结构研究表明：Ｌａ２－ｘＳｉｎｘＳｎ２Ｏ７，系列稀土－锡复合氧化物均具有烧绿石型结构，属立方晶系，空间群为Ｆ３ｄｍ．同时发现其晶胞参数ａｐｙｒ随Ｓｍ掺入量增加而近乎线性减小．并在脉冲激反应器上，对其催化活性进行评价．结果表明：Ｓｍ２Ｓｎ２Ｏ７复合氧化物对甲烷氧化偶联反应具有良好的催化活性，在ＣＨ４／Ｏ２＝４，温度在８００℃～９００℃，Ｘ＝２．０时，Ｃ２选择性为３８．１％，产率为９．２％，其中Ｃ２＝的选择性为２７．９％，产率为６．４％．同时发现晶格缺陷的形成有利于催化剂催化活性的提高．     

负载型La0.8Sr0.2MnO3＋x催化剂对CO氧化的催化活性

用浸渍法将钙钛矿型复合氧化物成功地载于多孔陶瓷载体上．用ＸＲＤ分析了催化剂的晶相组成，对负载型和非负载纯钙钛矿相催化剂的催化活性作了对比研究．结果表明Ｌａ０．８Ｓｒ０．２ＭｎＯ３＋ｘ复合氧化物负载于多孔陶瓷上，其活性有大幅度提高     

SO2-4/TiO2-SnO2/ZSM-5催化合成乙酸丁酯

以乙酸和正丁醇的酯化为探针反应，考察了ＳＯ２－４／ＴｉＯ２－ＳｎＯ２／ＺＳＭ－５催化剂的催化性能．实验结果表明：ＺＳＭ－５分子筛上负载钛锡双组元氧化物，比起负载单组元ＴｉＯ２，在相同的负载液浓度下，催化活性提高了１４％，且焙烧温度和Ｔｉ∶Ｓｎ（原子比）对催化活性亦有较大的影响．在回流温度下，催化剂投入量为乙酸加入量的３．２ｗｔ％，反应２ｈ，酯化率达９６．４％．     

3，4，5－三甲氧基苯甲醛的合成

３，４，５－三甲氧苯甲醛是制ＴＭＰ的关键中间体，用苯酚先磺化再溴化，再经甲氧基化、甲酰化、甲基化４步反应合成。每步产率分别为７７．７％，７６．０％，４１．０％和９３．０％，总收率为２２．５％。对２，６－二甲氧基苯酚的Ｖｉｌｓｍｅｉｅｒ－Ｈａａｃｋ甲酰化反应，Ｄｕｆｆ反应以及Ｒｅｉｍｅｒ－Ｔｉｅｍａｎｎ反应等可能的甲酰化方法进行了研究。     

3,4,5—三甲氧基苯甲醛的合成

３，４，５－三甲氧苯甲醛是制ＴＭＰ的关键中间体，用苯酚先磺化再溴化，再经甲氧基化、甲酰化、甲基化４步反应合成。每步产率分别为７７．７％，７６．０％，４１．０％和９３．０％，总收率为２２．５％，对２，６－二甲氧基苯酚的Ｖｉｌｓｍｅｉｅｒ－Ｈａａｃｋ甲酰化反应，Ｄｕｆｆ反应以及Ｒｅｉｍｅｒ－Ｔｅｉｍａｎｎ反应等可能的甲酰化方法进行了研究。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

The Analects and the Moment in Peking——The influence of a Confucian education system on the personality formation,the way of thinking and the fate of the main characters

0.Preface China has long been boasting of its colorful and immense culture which comprises of Taoism,Confucianism and Buddhism.The interwoven influence among the religions on Chinese way of thinking,on the nation＇s behavior in their social life throughout the long history is beyond list.