滇东南薄竹山地区温泉地质特征及成因分析

滇东南薄竹山地区温泉出露5处,分别分布于薄竹山花岗岩体的南西、北东两侧,均为上升泉,其热水化学类型均为HCO_3-Na~+型;温泉补给来源主要为大气降水,补给高度在海拔2 000m以上;呈带状热储结构,热储温度以邻区类比为70~110℃;估算热水循环深度2 580~2 977m.区域内北西向张性断裂及发育的岩溶通道起主要导水作用,区内发育的构造裂隙网起导热作用.该区温泉成因模式为大气降水补给的断裂深循环型地热系统.     

怒江跃进桥温泉水化学特征及成因分析

跃进桥温泉为上升泉群,其热水化学类型为HCO3-Ca型。根据δD、δ18O稳定同位素分析温泉水源为大气降水;δ18O稳定同位素确定其补给高程为2 050 m;3H放射性同位素确定温泉水的年龄为(10～20)a。跃进桥温泉的热源来自区域高热流背景,称嘎断裂、F1断裂起到导热导水作用,其成因模式为大气降水补给的断裂渗入循环型中、低温地热系统。     

四川绵竹酿春池温泉地质成因分析

利用遥感地质、构造地质、热水化学和稳定同位素和放射性同位素等手段,对四川绵竹酿春池温泉的水源、热源以及补给、径流和储集与构造的关系进行了分析.认为其水源为大气降水,热源为深循环加热,热储温度96℃,环流深度3 000～4 000 m.在山前地区,近源低温地下水与深部的热水混合.酿春池温泉的地质成因模式为:在正常区域地热场环境中,大气降水沿高渗透率的岩石渗入地下.深部地下水沿断层破碎带向山前运移,循环加热.深部地下水在山前区两条断层交会处上涌汇集,并与近源低温地下水混合.热水在盖层被人工凿穿时涌出.     

青海省曲乃亥温泉地质特征及成因分析

为了研究曲乃亥温泉地质特征及成因,通过地热地质调查、可控源音频大地电磁测深剖面测量(CSAMT)、水样测试和阳离子温标计算等方法对该区地质、断裂构造、温泉水化学特征及热储温度等进行研究。结果表明,曲乃亥温泉主要接受北西侧山区大气降水补给,沿东西向张性下多隆断层及节理裂隙下渗至深部,经深部放射性热源加热后,热水沿近北北西向曲乃亥逆断层迁移至浅部。由于曲乃亥逆断层下盘相对阻水,热水在该逆断层与下多隆断裂交汇的共用上盘地势较低处出露成泉。该温泉水温最高96.6℃,水化学类型属Cl-Na型,热储温度为165.08℃,温泉天然放热量为3 604.22×10~7 kJ/a,折合标准煤1 230 t/a。本研究成果可为该温泉区地热资源合理勘查开发利用及保护提供基础数据及地质依据。     

贺州大汤温泉的形成条件及其水化学特征

为了合理开发和保护贺州市南乡镇大汤温泉资源,通过对温泉区地理环境和地质条件的分析来探讨温泉的形成条件,并对温泉水质的化学成分进行测定.贺州市南乡镇大汤地热田是一个带状热储,区域内的几条深大断裂构成其地下热水储热和深循环通道.该温泉以大气降水补给为主,补给区为周边分水岭.由于分水岭的地势较高,地下水在获得降雨补给后,有足够的水头压力沿着构造断裂实现由浅至深再由深至浅循环.在循环过程中,地下水通过热传导从深部地壳中获得热量,并通过与围岩发生的地球化学作用而获得丰富的微量元素.水化学分析表明,南乡温泉出露的热水不仅矿化度低、且富含氟、含偏硅酸和多种有益的微量元素,其氟和偏硅酸含量可达矿水命名标准,具有很高的医疗价值.     

河北省隆化县七家温泉特征及成因分析

河北隆化县七家温泉历史悠久,洗浴、治病历史可远溯到隋、唐。温泉泉眼有6处,水温为30~80℃。温泉水的热储温度达174.96℃,循环深度为3 175 m。利用电法、磁法等物探方法对温泉村地热田进行勘查,确定了北北东向的两家-锦山断裂为控制地热田发育的深断裂构造,温泉多沿该断裂呈带状分布。近东西向断裂切断了两家-锦山断裂,并产生错移,使地热田分成南北两段,南段多为高温地热井群,北段广泛分布中低温温泉群。七家温泉的成因可描述为大气降水在两家-锦山断裂北段地势较高的开启处入渗地下,沿断裂通道与深部推测隐伏岩体(即热源)沟通,并获得加温,继续循环在构造交汇处涌出形成温泉,是典型的断裂-深循环型温泉。     

共和盆地恰卜恰地区新近系地下热水化学特征

位于青藏高原东北缘的共和盆地地热资源丰富、种类齐全,既有中低温水热型又有高温干热型地热资源。但两者间的相关关系研究目前还相对较弱。本文以共和盆地恰卜恰地区新近系地热系统为研究对象,通过选取对水样的分析估算深层地下热水水化学特征及热储温度、循环深度,从而推测研究区新近系地热系统的成因模式,探索干热型和水热型地热系统相互影响关系。分析结果表明：该区地下水优势阳离子为Na+,占比多超过90%,水化学类型主要为Na-Cl·HCO3型、Na-HCO3·Cl或Na-Cl·HCO3·SO4,经过较长的径流路径和较慢的水循环过程,水岩作用程度较高,属地下水径流的末端或排泄区;通过化学温标估算研究区新近系热储温度为71~134 ℃,地下热水的循环深度为1 300~2 200 m,深于研究区花岗岩结晶基底顶面埋深;研究区新近系地热系统主要热源为深部高温干热岩体,新近系含水层地下水受深部高温花岗质岩体热传导导热加热升温,第四系地层为盖层,起到隔热保温作用,形成中低温地热系统。研究结论加深了干热岩地热系统对浅部水热型地热系统影响的认识。     

南京汤泉地下热水化学特征及其指示意义

为确定南京汤泉地区地下热水补给来源,本次对比分析了区内20组不同水样的水化学、氘氧同位素及锶同位素比值的特征。结果表明,汤泉地下热水水化学类型为SO4- Ca型,热储温度为63℃～75℃;δD、δ¹⁸O值分别为 -42.89～-53.21‰、-7.11～-8.40‰,均位于当地大气降水线附近,指示其补给来源为雨水,补给高程为321 m～539 m;⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr同位素比值为0.708876～0.709299,表现为碳酸盐岩溶滤水特性。研究认为,地下热水的来源为碳酸盐岩岩溶出露区的大气降水补给,并主要流经碳酸盐岩地层,与浅层冷水和地表水水力联系微弱。     

陇东南地区温泉气体地球化学特征

为了探究甘肃东南部温泉的成因,通过气体地球化学的方法研究对比了该区温泉、冷泉和地表水中溶解气的组分及其同位素特征。结果表明:陇东南地区出露的温(冷)泉和地表水具有相似的气体组分特征,均以氮气为主(介于70. 47%～78. 33%);温泉水的δD～δ~(18)O数据点沿着兰州大气降水线分布,没有明显漂移;δ~(13)C_(CO_2)特征和CO_2含量表明CO_2属于有机生物成因。可见陇东南地区温泉水与深部围岩的同位素交换作用不强,温泉水的来源属于大气降水补给。其形成可能是地表水在深循环过程中受热后,由于频发的地震产生有利于地下水和温泉气上升、运移的通道,使的泉水沿裂隙溢出而来。     

河北高阳地热田岩溶热储的成因

探讨河北省高阳地热田岩溶热储成因模式,为合理有效地开发该地热田服务。从高阳地热田区域构造、地层以及地温场等基础地热地质资料分析入手,进行构造特征、热储展布、热储物性、热源、运移通道、水化学以及盖层等因数分析,探讨高阳地热田周边及内部断裂的分布特征、潜山热储的展布特征、地热田热储成因中各影响因数的配置关系。高阳地热田潜山热储主要发育元古界雾迷山组,寒武系、奥陶系热储在局部有分布,岩溶热储具有北东-南西向的展布特点;区域大地热流值高,热源条件好;地热水自北西向南东方向流动,主要由太行山的水源补给;热水运移通道主要为深大断裂和不整合面;上覆盖层主要为第三系泥质岩和第四系等。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to