半番鸭（番鸭♂×家鸭♀）雄性不育的辨析

从半番鸭生殖器官的形态解剖和组织切片观察等二个方面探讨家鸭属间杂种雄性不育的原因。结果表明，雄性半番鸭睾丸的间质细胞随个体生长发育而衰退，曲精细管中初级精母细胞和支持细胞的发育异常，导致精子的形成受阻。此外，半番鸭的其他生殖器官发育也不正常，阴茎中的“拉链”结构仅为一支持实体，它的内部夹有密闭的输精索道。半番鸭雄性生殖系统的结构异常与其不育性直接相关。     

改良半番鸭毛色的研究

本文研究结果表明，以白番鸭为父本，ＳＤ－白鸭为母本，有人工授精方法繁殖的白半番鸭，生长快、肉质好、白率达８８％以上，是一种很有发展前景的肉用鸭。     

雏番鸭细小病毒的理化特性测定

对首次从广东分离的雏番鸭传染性“三周病”病毒南海里水株MPLI进行理化特性的测定.试验表明本病毒株能耐热、酸、氯仿、乙醚,对紫外线敏感,将本病毒的番鸭胚液经差速离心浓缩,以Sepharose 4B柱层析纯化,用电镜观察,病毒是晶格排列,有实心和空心两种粒子,直径为20～24nm,无囊膜.经SDS—PAGE测定,病毒含有4种结构蛋白,即Vp1(85kd),Vp2(72kd),Vp3(56kd),Vp4(39kd),其中Vp3 为主要结构蛋白.病毒核酸经提取和酶切分析,证明为DNA,分子量约5.1kb.综合前期对本病毒进行的一系列实验室诊断和本次的理化特性测定结果,确认MPLI毒株为雏番鸭细小病毒.     

中国雄性大鲵生殖系统的解剖学和组织学研究

用解剖镜对中国冬季大鲵的雄性生殖系统进行观察，用光镜和电镜观察了冬季中国大鲵精巢的结构变化以及精巢中精母细胞的发育情况．结果表明，冬季大鲵的左右精巢不在同一个水平面上，有不明显的纵沟，精巢呈长卵圆形．精巢中的一个个曲细精管中除支持细胞外，只有精原细胞和少量的初级精母细胞，没有次级精母细胞和精子．     

雏番鸭细小病毒疫苗在雏番鸭、雏鸡体内诱导的免疫动态研究

用雏番鸭细小病毒(Muscovy Ducklling Parvovirus MPV)灭活疫苗对不同日龄的雏番鸭作首免,以及用MPV不同剂型的疫苗对同样日龄的雏番鸭作免疫试验,在免疫前及免疫后多次采血,用酸性o—醋酸菜酯酶(ANAE)反应标记淋巴细胞的细胞化学方法及琼脂扩散试验等分别测定其外周血液中T.B淋巴细胞百分比值和MPV沉淀抗体滴度,首次探索MPv在雏番鸭体内诱导的免疫动态,为本病的免疫防制提供了可行的免疫程序和理论依据.试验同时设立雏鸡免疫对照,探索了非易感动物对MPV免疫的应答差异和应用鸡作免疫载体制备MPV高免血清的可行性.     

雏番鸭细小病毒人工感染雏鸡体内带毒时间的测定

应用雏番鸭细小病毒(Muscovy Ducklling Parvovirus.MPV)南海里水株番鸭胚传代病毒人工感染7日龄石歧杂雏鸡,每只用本病毒原液经颈部皮下、口服及滴鼻共接种1.5ml/只.接种病毒的雏鸡隔离饲养,注意观察有无异常症状,并分别于接种后24小时、72小时、7天、14天、28天各随机迫杀5只雏鸡,每次迫杀鸡只收集心、肝、脾、肾、脑无菌处理成1:10悬浊液,反复冻融5～6次,3000rpm15分钟,离心取上清液速冻保存.所获无菌上清液分别在11天龄健康番鸭胚连传3代.每个样品重复1次.收集传代胚液作病毒鉴定.结果应用MPV人工感染雏鸡,不见任阿异常症状.于接种后24小时、72小时、7天追杀者可重复分离到本病毒,人工感染14天后,不能复分离病毒.复分离病毒经中和试验,琼脂扩散试验和电镜观察可确认为MPV.试验结果表明,雏鸡属于本病的非易感动物,但人工大剂量接种MPV,体内带毒时间最少可持续7天.     

林麝雄性生殖器官解剖和组织结构

研究林麝生殖器官的形态结构,揭示其结构特点,将有助于麝生殖生理的研究,从而有利于人工养麝业的进一步发展。有关林麝生殖器官的形态学资料,国内尚未见报导。1987年夏,笔者对一例成年雄性林麝主要生殖器官进行了解剖和组织学观察,记录了一些特点,现报导如下。材料和方法 材     

不同日龄呼肠孤病毒番鸭脾脏病理变化的动态观察

目的检测不同日龄呼肠孤病毒番鸭脾脏的动态病理变化。方法常规病理组织染色方法,对感染呼肠孤病毒3、5、7日龄的番鸭进行脾脏病理学观察,同时应用免疫组织化学方法对不同日龄中脾脏病变严重的进行Fas凋亡基因初步检测。结果感染呼肠孤病毒的不同日龄番鸭脾脏与正常组相比均有不同程度的变性、坏死,7日龄更重且Fas基因有表达与正常组相比表达数量增多。结论随着呼肠孤病毒感染番鸭日龄的增长,脾脏淋巴细胞坏死数量越多,7日龄脾脏Fas基因表达与正常组比数量增多,显示呼肠孤病毒对番鸭细胞免疫的破坏。     

奶牛饲养管理技术

1．产后期奶牛的饲养管理 奶牛产犊后，气血亏损、体格瘦弱现象尤为显著。产后2-3周牛体抵抗力减弱。生殖器官处于恢复阶段，乳腺机能正在进一步发育时期，而泌乳量又逐日上升，此时，饲养管理和卫生护理工作必须加强，否则容易出现子宫恶露不尽、乳房水肿严重，甚至发生产后瘫痪等异常病症，给牛体健康带来危害。     

网上垫料养殖模式对番鸭养殖粪污及空气质量的影响

为研究网上铺设锯末和稻壳养殖番鸭对粪污及栏舍内空气质量的影响,试验选取14日龄公番鸭180只,随机分为2组,对照组为番鸭直接在网上进行养殖,粪污通过网眼排到地面,试验组番鸭则是在铺设锯末和稻壳后的网上进行养殖,每周对栏舍内NH3和CO2浓度进行测定,70日龄养殖结束后收集所有粪污进行测定.结果显示,与对照组相比,试验组可达到污水零排放,显著降低粪污的含水率(P<0.01),显著减少粪污排放量(P<0.01),并显著提高垫料和鸭粪混合形成的粪污总氮含量(P<0.01)及pH值(P<0.01),提高粪污中有机质含量(P>0.05);与对照组相比,试验组栏舍内NH3浓度没有显著差异,而CO2浓度有显著提高(P<0.05).因而,网上铺设锯末和稻壳养殖番鸭可减少粪污的排放.     

一品红试管苗与移栽苗、扦插苗营养器官解剖结构的比较

利用石蜡切片法研究了一品红(Euphorbia pulcherrima)试管苗、移栽苗和扦插苗的营养器官的解剖结构。结果表明:三者的营养器官在形态解剖学上有一定差异,特别是在根的表皮,茎的皮层、维管组织,叶的表皮、叶肉分化上有较大的差异。这些差异说明了移栽苗和扦插苗有更强的输水、保水和抗逆能力。     

Auxin promotes Arabidopsis root growth by modulating gibberellin response

The growth of plant organs is influenced by a stream of the phytohormone auxin that flows from the shoot apex to the tip of the root. However, until now it has not been known how auxin regulates the cell proliferation and enlargement that characterizes organ growth. Here we show that auxin controls the growth of roots by modulating cellular responses to the phytohormone gibberellin (GA). GA promotes the growth of plants by opposing the effects of nuclear DELLA protein growth repressors, one of which is Arabidopsis RGA (for repressor of gal-3). GA opposes the action of several DELLA proteins by destabilizing them, reducing both the concentration of detectable DELLA proteins and their growth-restraining effects. We also show that auxin is necessary for GA-mediated control of root growth, and that attenuation of auxin transport or signalling delays the GA-induced disappearance of RGA from root cell nuclei. Our observations indicate that the shoot apex exerts long-distance control on the growth of plant organs through the effect of auxin on GA-mediated DELLA protein destabilization.     

盾叶薯蓣形态解剖和皂甙的组织化学定位及含量变化

应用显微技术组织化学定位观察,研究了盾叶薯蓣皂甙在花叶盾叶薯蓣营养器官中的积累分布状态以及不同生长期、不同器官之间的薯蓣皂甙含量的季节变化,结果显示,薯蓣皂甙主要分布在营养器官的成熟组织薄壁细胞中,表皮也有少量分布,维管束木质部中无皂甙分布;根状茎中皂甙积累最多,叶和地上茎中皂甙积累较少,须根最少;盾叶薯蓣在营养生长期,花果期,枯萎期的发育过程中,地上部分营养器官皂甙含量呈现出低一高一低的变化趋势,二年生的地下茎适合在秋冬季采收,其药材品质最佳.     

Regulation of cancer cell migration and bone metastasis by RANKL

Bone metastases are a frequent complication of many cancers that result in severe disease burden and pain. Since the late nineteenth century, it has been thought that the microenvironment of the local host tissue actively participates in the propensity of certain cancers to metastasize to specific organs, and that bone provides an especially fertile 'soil'. In the case of breast cancers, the local chemokine milieu is now emerging as an explanation for why these tumours preferentially metastasize to certain organs. However, as the inhibition of chemokine receptors in vivo only partially blocks metastatic behaviour, other factors must exist that regulate the preferential metastasis of breast cancer cells. Here we show that the cytokine RANKL (receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand) triggers migration of human epithelial cancer cells and melanoma cells that express the receptor RANK. RANK is expressed on cancer cell lines and breast cancer cells in patients. In a mouse model of melanoma metastasis, in vivo neutralization of RANKL by osteoprotegerin results in complete protection from paralysis and a marked reduction in tumour burden in bones but not in other organs. Our data show that local differentiation factors such as RANKL have an important role in cell migration and the tissue-specific metastatic behaviour of cancer cells.     

线粒体定位序列介导的绿色荧光蛋白基因在烟草中表达的分析

由于绿色荧光蛋白可在活组织或细胞中直接检出 ,因而近年已在转基因植物的研究中用作报告基因 ,这样可在植物生长的任何阶段进行活体筛选和鉴定。本研究利用线粒体定位序列对改良 gfp基因在转基因烟草中的表达进行了观察 ,结果表明 :将GFP直接在细胞质中大量表达会对植物细胞产生毒性 ,从而影响植物细胞的分化 ,而将其定位在线粒体中 ,则从转化细胞产生植株的频率明显增高。     

欧活血丹(Glechoma hederacea L.)营养器官解剖学研究

对欧活血丹营养器官解剖学进行研究,结果表明：欧活血丹营养器官具有双子叶植物的基本特征.根由表皮、皮层、维管柱组成,初生木质部二原型,外始式发育;次生生长时不形成周皮,只形成次生维管组织,次生木质部发达.茎横切面为正方形,由表皮、皮层、维管柱组成;茎的表皮有少量的腺体与表皮毛,4个角隅处有厚角组织分布,厚角组织内侧为4个大维管束,髓发达;上、下叶表皮细胞差异显著,上表皮细胞大,疏被表皮毛,腺点及气孔多分布于下表皮;叶肉栅栏组织发达,海绵组织形态多样、排列疏松;叶为网状脉,主脉维管束发达,侧脉及各个支脉的结构因大小不同而逐渐简化.叶柄横切面为马蹄形,有三个维管束,中央大维管束发达,角隅处小维管束简化且具厚角组织.     

CP embedding agent and its application to the serial section of the body wall tissue of insects

The key of tissue section technique is the selection and application of the embedding agent. Based on the specific characteristics of the tissue and outer skeleton of insects, a new kind of embedding agent, colophony and paraffin (CP), was used without destroying the integrity of insect organs. The tissue can be sliced continuously by the use of CP embedding technique. It solves the 3 difficult problems in the serial section of the organ and tissue of insect, namely stiff materials, thin section and continuity of sections. These difficult problems are not solved by any unitary tissue section technique that is used now, including the paraffin section technique. By using the CP embedding technique, any parts or organs (like antenna, leg and wing) and even the whole body of insects (mini body) can be sliced up continuously. It will open up wide possibilities for the study of inner structure, the interrelations among organs, the micro-characteristics and the physiological functions of insects systematically.     

Virtual brain surgery simulation system based on haptic interaction

To improve the accuracy and interactivity of soft tissue deformation simulation,a new plate spring model based on physics is proposed.The model is parameterized and thus can be adapted to simulate different organs.Different soft tissues are modeled by changing the width,number of pieces,thickness,and length of a single plate spring.In this paper,the structural design,calculation of soft tissue deformation and real-time feedback operations of our system are also introduced.To evaluate the feasibility of the system and validate the model,an experimental system of haptic interaction,in which users can use virtual hands to pull virtual brain tissues,is built using PHANTOM OMNI devices.Experimental results show that the proposed system is stable,accurate and promising for modeling instantaneous soft tissue deformation.     

生物组织冻结相变过程的数值模拟

建立了生物组织(含正常生物组织和肿瘤)冻结过程的传热模型.生物组织作为一种多孔介质,其相变发生在一个温度范围内,且存在一个固相与液相共存的糊状过渡区.采用显热容法模拟了生物组织冻结过程中的传热和冰晶增长过程.模拟结果显示,在冻结过程中,冷刀的初始温度越低,冷刀的降温速率越快,生物组织内温度下降和冰晶增长的速率越快.结果还表明组织中液相流动会增加生物组织内传热和冰晶生长的速度.计算结果为冷刀设计和冷冻外科手术提供了理论依据.     

Interactions between cancer stem cells and their niche govern metastatic colonization

Metastatic growth in distant organs is the major cause of cancer mortality. The development of metastasis is a multistage process with several rate-limiting steps. Although dissemination of tumour cells seems to be an early and frequent event, the successful initiation of metastatic growth, a process termed 'metastatic colonization', is inefficient for many cancer types and is accomplished only by a minority of cancer cells that reach distant sites. Prevalent target sites are characteristic of many tumour entities, suggesting that inadequate support by distant tissues contributes to the inefficiency of the metastatic process. Here we show that a small population of cancer stem cells is critical for metastatic colonization, that is, the initial expansion of cancer cells at the secondary site, and that stromal niche signals are crucial to this expansion process. We find that periostin (POSTN), a component of the extracellular matrix, is expressed by fibroblasts in the normal tissue and in the stroma of the primary tumour. Infiltrating tumour cells need to induce stromal POSTN expression in the secondary target organ (in this case lung) to initiate colonization. POSTN is required to allow cancer stem cell maintenance, and blocking its function prevents metastasis. POSTN recruits Wnt ligands and thereby increases Wnt signalling in cancer stem cells. We suggest that the education of stromal cells by infiltrating tumour cells is an important step in metastatic colonization and that preventing de novo niche formation may be a novel strategy for the treatment of metastatic disease.