压电体光滑接触界面上的滑移界面波理论分析

应用压电材料Stroh方法分析压电体光滑接触界面上滑移波的存在性条件,给出其存在的判据.压电体由外加单向压力作用而光滑接触,同时处于一定场强的电场中,设在波的作用下界面不会发生分离.通过具体压电材料的数值计算发现:当沿界面传播的波速满足一定条件时,滑移界面波能存在.特别地,两压电体的Rayleigh波速、极限波速一样时,滑移波将不存在;两压电体的Rayleigh波速、极限波速不同时,滑移界面波速将是两个Rayleigh波速之间的某个值或者是较小Rayleigh波速与较小的极限波速之间的值;滑移界面波的存在决定于材料本身的性质,而与外加载荷没有关系.     

简谐P波透过摩擦接触界面的实验分析

工程结构中存在着大量的接触界面,接触界面只能承压不能承拉。含有接触界面的材料或结构受地震、冲击等动荷载作用时,可能引起界面的局部分离和滑移,从而导致问题的非线性。对简谐P波垂直入射接触界面问题进行了实验研究。观测分析透射波时域波形和频域曲线的变化,给出了透射波高阶频率幅值随外加荷载的变化规律,以期为无损探测材料接触型缺陷以及定量测定界面接触力提供参考。     

弹性波与各向异性介质摩擦接触界面的相互作用

研究了脉冲波在一般各向异性介质摩擦接触界面上的反射和折射问题.限于小于临界角入射的情况.利用Fourier分析方法将非线性Coulomb摩擦接触边界波动问题化为一组代数方程.给出了确定局部分离、滑移和粘着区的思路和方法及各区域的解并以抛物线型应力脉冲为例进行了详细的计算.对相同介质的两半无限各向异性体给出了界面力、张开位移和相对滑移速度的数值结果.     

正交各向异性弹性层/功能梯度压电半空间结构中Love波的传播

研究了功能梯度压电半空间上覆盖一层正交各向异性弹性层结构中Love波的传播特性.覆盖层与基底的界面连接方式分别考虑了理想接触和非理想接触2种模式,功能梯度压电半空间的材料性能沿垂直于界面方向以指数函数形式变化.基于推导的频散方程,结合数值算例分析了材料性能梯度变化、正交各向异性材料的切割角度和非理想界面的连接程度对相速度的影响,其结果对功能梯度压电材料的覆层结构在声波器件中的应用具有重要的参考价值.     

弹性波在压电介质摩擦接触界面上的反射与透射

讨论了弹性波在压电介质摩擦接触界面上的反射和透射问题．利用Fourier分析的方法，将非线性Coulomb摩擦接触边界波动问题化为奇异积分方程问题．利用迭代-修正的方法，确定了界面上滑移和粘着区域的分布范围，同时计算了面力、相对滑移速度等参量以及由于边界非线性而引起的反射和透射的高频谐波幅值，并讨论了它们随外加力-电荷载的变化规律．     

基于瞬态接触特性的科隆蛋扣件轨道波磨形成机理

为从轮轨瞬态接触黏滑振动角度探究地铁线路上钢轨波磨的形成机理,该文首先根据现场波磨情况建立了三维轮轨滚动接触有限元模型并论证其有效性;然后,分析了车轮运行过程中的接触黏滑状态,并讨论了轮轨接触黏滑特性与波磨生成的关系;最后,研究了轮轨系统固有特性和钢轨纵向磨耗特征。结果表明：凹坑缺陷改变了轮轨滚动接触黏滑分布,导致轮轨界面发生滑移并诱发轮轨系统失稳,且滑移会进一步引起钢轨磨耗,以致最终可能形成波磨。综合轮轨接触黏滑特性和复模态分析的结果,可将钢轨波磨的形成机理归为轨面缺陷激励引发的轮轨系统的固有不稳定振动,且该不稳定振动表现为钢轨相对于轨道板的垂向弯曲振动。当车轮经过凹坑缺陷时,会产生瞬态纵向波动磨耗,且磨耗的特征波长为40～50 mm,这与实测线路上的波磨波长情况相符,从而进一步验证了钢轨波磨的形成机理。     

基于三角剖分局部搜索的三维滑移面算法

为了在武器动力学过程的拉氏数值模拟中清晰地刻画复杂接触碰撞界面,提出了一种基于三角剖分局部搜索方法的滑移面算法.该算法通过界面单元4个节点的位置平均引入形心,将一个四边形的曲面单元剖分为4个法向确定的三角形界面子单元,根据节点与界面子单元的相对位置判断节点和界面的接触关系和接触点,并对接触界面上的节点施加接触约束条件,刻画接触界面的形状.该算法避免了传统算法的迭代过程和死区问题,克服了传统方法由于网格扭曲变形带来的接触点求解困难.数值模拟结果表明了该算法的高效性和强壮性.     

引线键合界面切向接触的黏滞-微滑移临界转换位置和能量耗散特性研究

针对键合界面的黏滞-微滑移接触现象,基于黏滞-微滑移临界位置的连续变形条件和边界条件,建立键合界面切向接触的数学模型;推导出键合界面切向接触不同位置的变形量,研究法向键合力和超声切向力对界面黏滞-微滑移临界转换位置和能量耗散的影响规律。研究结果表明：当增大超声切向力或减小法向键合力时,界面切向变形量呈非线性增加,微滑区自边缘向内延展,引线键合界面的黏滞区半径减小;当界面中心位置刚度等于单位刚度时,黏滞区半径与法向键合力呈正相关,与超声切向力呈负相关;当键合界面切向接触变形量增加时,微滑移区域产生的能量耗散呈非线性上升。     

弹性波透过压电介质接触界面的传播特性

以一维弹性波为例分析了波透过压电介质接触界面时的传播特性,考虑了界面的分离及接触状态的变化,解析地给出了界面分离和接触的时间分布范围以及波的反射透射系数,并讨论了边界非线性引起的高频谐波特性。     

粗糙机械结合面的接触刚度研究

为准确进行计入粗糙接触界面影响的组合结构动力分析,基于弹塑性理论对具有粗糙表面的长方微元体进行有限元接触分析,给出了根据受力和变形关系计算粗糙表面接触刚度的方法,得到了不同载荷作用下的法向和切向界面接触刚度.计算结果表明:表面形貌造成的接触应力分布不均匀和局部塑性变形导致法向界面接触刚度随着压力的增加先增大后减小,并随着表面粗糙度的增加而降低;切向界面接触刚度随着法向载荷和摩擦系数的增加而增加,随着切向载荷的增加而减小.当切向载荷增加到一定值时,接触界面将由微观滑移转化为宏观滑动,摩擦界面连接失效.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.