气/液比和挤压比对过共晶铝-硅合金初晶硅相的影响

研究了雾化沉积制备过共晶Al－Si－X合金过程中,气／液比对沉积坯中初晶硅相尺寸的影响,观察了随热挤压前预热温度的升高,沉积坯中初晶硅相的长大情况．并通过相同温度不同挤压比下挤压组织的比较,讨论了热挤压时挤压比对过共晶Al－Si合金中初晶硅相细化过程的影响,提出细化材料组织的最佳工艺参数．     

镧、钇稀土在过共晶铝硅合金中的作用

研究了稀土镧和钇对过共晶铝硅合金的微观组织和力学性能的影响．实验合金为Ａｌ－２２％Ｓｉ,所加稀土为富镧混合稀土（含８０％Ｌａ）和Ａｌ－８８％Ｙ中间合金,加入量分别为０．６％～１．４％Ｌａ和０．１０％～０．１８％Ｙ．合金熔化精炼后在预热至２５０°Ｃ的金属型中浇铸成１２ｍｍ×６０ｍｍ试棒,浇注温度７４０°Ｃ．高温力学性能测试３００°Ｃ下保温３０ｍｉｎ后的拉伸强度．实验结果表明：单独加入稀土不能细化初晶硅,结合磷的作用,镧、钇可实现初晶硅和共晶硅的双重变质,其中初晶硅可细化至２２μｍ左右;适量Ｌａ可形成有利于提高高温性能的Ａｌ５ＳｉＣｕ２Ｌａ化合物;Ｙ可以有效地抑制该化合物长成粗大针状．经淬火及稳定化回火热处理后,合金室温抗拉强度可达２７６ＭＰａ,高温强度可达１７４ＭＰａ．     

快速凝固过共晶铝硅合金粉末特性

借助多级快冷装置（ＭＳＲＳ）配制了含磷分别为０．０４％，０．０８％和０．１２％（质量分数）的过共晶Ａｌ－２２Ｓｉ粉末，通过对粉末形貌、粒度、微观结构及点阵常数变化的研究，以图提高最终材料的塑性。结果表明，不同粒度的粉末组织存在差异，含磷０．０４％的Ａｌ－２２Ｓｉ合金粉末平均粒度最小，粉末中硅相得到了进一步细化，提高退火温度和延长保温时间导致硅相的粗化，４００℃×１ｈ或４８０℃×３０ｍｉｎ的退火条件下，硅相长大不明显。     

Fe－P－N合金的Snoek－K－Koster峰

对淬火及淬火后变形Ｆｅ－Ｐ－Ｎ合金在－５０℃～３５０℃温度区的内耗进行了测量，并用ＴＥＭ观察、分析了合金中的第二相．结果表明，在Ｎ的质量分数不超过０．００３％和Ｐ的质量分数小于０．０６４％的实验条件下，合金的ＳＫＫ峰与Ｓｎｏｅｋ峰的峰高比（ｈＳＫＫ／ｈＳｓ）和Ｃｐ－２／３呈线性关系；在Ｆｅ－Ｐ合金固溶体区中有ＦｅＰ化合物存在．     

气／液比和挤压比对共晶铝—硅合金初晶硅相的影响

研究了雾化沉积制备过共晶Ａｌ－Ｓｉ－Ｘ合金过程中,气／液比对沉积坯中初晶硅相尺寸的影响,观察了随热挤压前预热温度的升高,沉积坯中初晶硅相的长大情况,并通过相同温度不同挤压比下挤压组织的比较,讨论了热挤压时挤压比对过共晶Ａｌ－Ｓｉ合金中初晶硅相细化过程的影响,提出了细化材料组织的最佳工艺参数。     

挤压铸造对Al_2O_3／Al－Si合金复合材料组织与性能的影响

采用挤压铸造法制取了Ａｌ２Ｏ３颗粒增强的Ａｌ－Ｓｉ合金复合材料。探讨了挤压压力、浇注温度对Ａｌ２Ｏ３／Ａｌ－Ｓｉ复合材料强度的影响，优化了工艺参数。对压力下凝固的材料组织的分析表明，压力和颗粒能使初晶硅和共晶硅双细化，并改变了初晶硅和共晶硅的形貌。     

电沉积Ni－Fe合金的穆斯堡尔效应

对电沉积Ｎｉ－Ｆｅ合金的穆斯堡尔谱分析表明γ相Ｎｉ－Ｆｅ合金的同质异能移（Ｉ．Ｓ．）为－０．０６～０．０２ｍｍ／ｓ；α相的Ｉ．Ｓ为～＋０．０５ｍｍ／ｓ，与冶炼Ｎｉ－Ｆｅ合金的Ｉ．Ｓ．（冶炼Ｎｉ－Ｆｅ合金的γ相Ｉ．Ｓ为－０．１９～－０．２２ｍｍ／ｓ；α相Ｉ．Ｓ．为－０．０７～０．１０ｍｍ／ｓ）相比，向正值方向偏移，γ相平均偏移０．１８ｍｍ／ｓ，α相约０．１３ｍｍ／ｓ．电沉积Ｎｉ－Ｆｅ合金的磁超精细场随合金中Ｆｅ含量的变化情况与冶炼Ｎｉ－Ｆｅ合金中的情况不完全一样。此外，还观察到电四极裂矩不等于零，表明电沉积Ｎｉ－Ｆｅ合金中存在电场梯度．根据镀层合有杂质Ｓ和结构缺陷的特点，讨论了上述穆斯堡尔参数的变化情况。     

混合稀土对Al—Si—Cu系合金铸造组织与硬度的影响

该文借助金相，电镜和热分析等手段，研究微量混合稀土（０．０５％￣０．５０％，质量分数）对Ａｌ－Ｓｉ－Ｃｕ合金铸态组织与硬度的影响。结果表明，凝固速度显著影响稀土对代晶硅相的变质效果，稀土减小α（Ａｌ）二次枝晶间距，并使合金铸态硬度提高。试验证实，稀土使合金中化纹状三元共晶α（Ａｌ）＋Ｓｉ＋Ａｌ２Ｃｕ减少，块状Ａｌ２Ｃｕ相增加。     

非均匀结构WC－Co硬质合金

对采用碳化烧结法制取非均匀结构硬质合金的工艺进行了研究，结果表明，碳化烧结工艺可制得非均匀结构ＷＣ－Ｃｏ硬质合金，配Ｃ量以６．０％～６．１％（质量分数）较好，最佳烧结温度为１４２０～１４５０℃，ＷＣ－１０％Ｃｏ（质量分数）合金的抗弯强度σｂｂ可达２６００～２９００ＭＰａ，密度ρ为１４．４～１４．６ｇ／ｃｍ３，硬度ＨＲＡ为８８．２～８９．９．此外，还可以获得ＷＣ＜ｌμｍ的合金。     

金属线材火焰热喷法制备金属粉末的研究

提出用火焰热喷雾化法将Al、Zn和1Cr18Ni9Ti等线材制成金属粉末。采用光透射法测试粉末的粒度及其分布，用SEM观察粉末颗粒的形貌，分析了粉末粒径、含氧量与喷雾工艺参数的关系。实验结果表明，用热喷法制备金属粉末是可行的，制备的粉末较大颗粒直径约100μm，平均粒径约45μm，含氧量较低。线材送丝速度及其材质对金属粉末的粒度有很大的影响。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the