煤的红外光谱研究

利用７４０型傅里叶变换红外（ＦＴＩＲ）光谱仪系统地研究了褐煤与风化烟煤的红外光谱．结果表明：含碳量在一个较宽的范围内煤的红外光谱图相类似,从褐煤到烟煤,随着煤化作用的加强,脂肪族Ｃ—Ｈ伸缩振动峰逐渐减弱,褐煤中存在大量原生腐植酸,烟煤中则含有大量再生腐植酸,这将为判断烟煤是否风化提出又一判据．根据煤的红外光谱还可推测其所含腐植酸种类及含量．     

二元复合溶剂对煤抽提的研究

作者通过对部分二元复合溶剂混合热、溶剂与煤的作用热、抽提率的测定,找出了抽提率与作用热之间的关系。结果表明,在所试验的范围内,以溶解度参数作为选择抽提煤的溶剂的依据,仅适用于烟煤,不适用于褐煤;以煤与溶剂的作用热为依据选择溶剂,同时适用于烟煤和褐煤。     

超临界CO2/NMP混合溶剂萃取萃余煤的结构与气化特性

对曲靖烟煤和南露天褐煤进行超临界CO2/NMP(N-甲基吡咯烷酮)混合溶剂萃取,其中曲靖烟煤萃取率可达到14%(干基),而南露天褐煤萃取率仅有4%(干基)左右。对萃余煤进行表征,结果表明:超临界CO2/NMP混合溶剂对煤中富含羟基及脂肪类物质有良好的萃取性能,经过萃取,两种煤中微晶结构的堆垛高度都有所减小,溶胀度都降低。南露天褐煤的比表面积减小,而曲靖烟煤的比表面积轻微增大。溶剂对煤颗粒表面有腐蚀作用,萃取后两种煤的气化性能得到改善,其中曲靖烟煤改善的程度更大。     

煤的绝热低温自热氧化试验研究

利用绝热低温自热氧化试验方法,研究了褐煤在完全干燥和潮湿与烟煤低温氧化过程．得到了褐煤和烟煤自加热温升曲线和温升速率．同时分析了水分对煤炭低温自热氧化影响。研究了利用绝热试验方法判断煤的自燃倾向性可行性。     

煤与天然气共热解过程中硫的析出规律研究

选用龙口褐煤、神府烟煤及晋城无烟煤分别在管式炉中进行程序升温,比较在氮气和天然气气氛下硫的析出规律.结果表明,在天然气气氛下硫的析出浓度明显增加,说明天然气对硫的析出有促进作用.硫的析出浓度在氮气气氛下550℃时达到最大值,而在天然气气氛下硫的析出浓度在700℃之前一直保持较大值.天然气促进硫析出的原因是碳氢组分与煤中的活性自由基作用,释放出活性甲基和氢,使其与硫反应的氢量增多,从而促进了硫的析出.     

基于温升速率的煤自燃倾向性测定方法

为了准确判定煤炭真实条件下自燃倾向性,选取具有代表性的2种褐煤、2种烟煤及2种无烟煤在煤自燃测定装置上展开研究。研究结果表明,褐煤在低温缓慢氧化阶段、高温加速氧化阶段升温速率最快,烟煤次之,无烟煤最慢。利用热分析仪对煤样的着火温度进行了测定,发现褐煤着火温度最低,烟煤次之,无烟煤着火温度最高;综合评判煤自燃倾向性判定指数,I200为强自燃倾向,200≤I≤400为中等自燃倾向,I400为弱自燃倾向。     

煤低温氧化与吸氧试验研究

为了研究煤低温氧化与吸氧的关系问题,采用煤低温氧化实验装置和ZRJ-1型煤自燃倾向测定仪,对褐煤、烟煤和无烟煤进行了低温氧化和吸氧实验研究.结果表明,在某一温度下吸氧量不能衡量其低温氧化能力.烟煤和无烟煤,吸氧过程都有从物理吸附到化学吸附的过渡阶段;而易低温氧化的褐煤,没有从物理吸附到化学反应的过渡阶段.煤的吸附过程和氧化过程是两个既有联系又有区别的过程,煤在确定温度下的吸附过程是很快的,氧化过程是缓慢的;煤的吸附是发生氧化的前提,氧化是煤吸附氧气的结果.该成果对研究煤低温自热氧化机理有一定参考价值和指导意义.     

小白鼠腹水型肝癌和其它组织的电子自旋共振

自从发现癌组织中自由基含量低于正常组织的现象以后,不少人企图寻找癌组织特有的电子顺磁共振(ESR)信号,甚至探讨用ESR作为腫瘤诊断的可能性。本文研究:一,腹水型肝癌ESR波谱特性,二,自由基清除剂、抗癌药和电子受体对癌组织ESR谱的影响。     

不同成因类型煤的差热分析

对四种煤进行了差热分析、溶剂抽提和红外光谱等试验。结果表明：不同成因类型煤在加热碳化中化学变化不同，差热曲线差异显著。煤热解反应的总热效应是放热的。褐煤与烟煤的差热曲线相近，其特点是有两个热解放热峰。     

单环芳烃与SbCl_5相互作用的ESR研究

本文测定了七种单环芳烃与SbCl_5相互作用形成自由基的ESR波谱:结果表明,在相同的实验条件下,不同体系的ESR信号大小不同,可得出芳烃的给π电子能力次序为正丙苯>乙苯>叔丁苯>甲苯>对二甲苯>1,3,5-三甲苯>苯。与碘和单环芳烃作用形成的电荷转移络合物不给出ESR信号作对比,表明单环芳烃与SbCl_5作用时通过电荷转移形成了正离子自由基。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.