纤维板连续平压机热压工艺的研究

根据连续平压机同一框架内压力相等的实际生产情况,利用单层热压机模拟纤维板连续平压机各框架的工作状态,在两组热压曲线P1、P2下,研究了7.8 mm和10.8 mm两种厚度的纤维板各框架内的板坯性能。结果表明:当生产7.8 mm厚的纤维板时,热压条件P1生产的板坯性能优于P2;当生产10.8 mm厚的纤维板时,热压条件P2生产的板坯性能优于P1,并且从第36框架起,纤维板力学强度就能达到国家标准。此外,二次加压区起点与纤维板厚度及密度有关,纤维板厚度越小、密度越高,则二次加压区起点就越早。     

南京林业大学科技成果简介：（三）厚型中密度纤维板产业化

在常规热压机上，增加对板坯喷射蒸汽和真空负压抽吸系统，采用既保留原有对板坯接触传热，又直接对板坯喷注的加热方式，使板坯中心快速达到水分汽化蒸发和胶黏剂固化所需的温度，从而完成厚型MDF的热压，在大幅度缩短热压时间、提高生产能力同时，生产出结构均匀、性能满足MDF国家标准要求的厚型MDF。该项目利用喷蒸-真空热压的专利技术生产厚型MDF，单位产品能耗低，     

原油组分和含水率对热波特性影响的研究

原油组分和含水率是影响原油热波特性的重要因素.本文对此作了初步的理论分析.通过对胜利、大庆、中原原油的燃烧试验研究.测定了原油组分及含水率与热波特性之间的关系.进而得出了热波特性回归方程式.试验结果表明,原油含轻组分越多,热波传播速度越快,稳定高温层温度越低;含水率越高.热波传播速度越慢.稳定高温层温度越高.     

热压条件对薄片刨花板厚度方向上膨胀分布的影响

传统的降低板材厚度膨胀的方法主要是通过提高施胶量和添加石蜡，或通过热、蒸汽、化学处理等，但往往会增加成本及影响材料的力学性能。板材厚度膨胀的最主要根源是木材的结构和特性以及热压时水分、温度、压力和时间对板材的综合作用。笔研究了在不同的热压条件下，板坯内不同层的薄片刨花的膨胀以及薄片刨花板厚度方向上的膨胀分布。结果表明，在较低的热压温度下，刨花的压缩率和膨胀率呈明显的相关性，而在较高的热压温度下，尽管表层刨花的压缩率较高，但其厚度膨胀率仍小于芯层刨花。为降低木质复合材料的厚度膨胀，建议采用较高的热压温度。     

电加热在土壤气相抽提(SVE)中的实验研究

研究了固定热源对不同填料粒径、填料含水率升温的影响。以不同粒径干燥石英砂为填料进行的实验结果表明,砂粒粒径越小,达到的最高温度越高。对含水石英砂进行加热实验结果表明,上层石英砂的最终温度与干砂相似,下层石英砂的最高温度低于干砂。石英砂中的水分对热传递以及热扩散速度的影响显著,实验前期含水石英砂的升温速度高于干砂。实验还表明,接近热源的砂层温度远远超过水沸点,随着与热源距离的增加,砂层所能达到的最大温度在下降。     

压机参数对纤维板地板基材断面密度分布的影响——以双钢带滚针毯式连续平压机为例

用双钢带滚针毯式连续平压机生产地板基材,按照国家标准检测地板基材的物理力学性能,提出基础数据和工艺方法.试验结果表明:在高压阶段适当减小高压压力,增加钢带运行速度,有利于降低地板基材表芯层的密度比.建议采用14 mm/min的钢带运行速度;适当保持降压段压力,可使地板基材表芯层密度比减小,增加芯层密度.采用高压压力为3.31,2.44 MPa,降压段压力为0.89,0.78 MPa的热压曲线;在生产地板基材时应适当选择板坯含水率,纤维含水率保持在10.0%~11.1%为宜;热压温度为200~210℃.在此工艺条件下可以生产出满足产品质量要求的地板基材.     

干湿循环下重塑黄土水分迁移试验

黄土地区高填方工程改变地下原有给排水体系,土体长期处于干湿循环状态引发系列工程病害。为了阐明不同干湿条件下重塑黄土水分迁移规律,在干湿环境下对初始干密度和含水率不同的土样进行了水分迁移试验,结果表明:土体在干湿环境下,水分迁移导致含水率变化呈径向分区分布,上部土体含水率略低于下部;减湿过程,水分不断迁移,随迁移高度的增加,含水率分布逐渐稳定;干湿次数增多,土体持水能力弱化,水分上移速度减慢,湿润峰爬升的最大高度降低;土体初始干密度越小,湿润峰推进速度越快;初始含水率越大,水分迁移速率越快,但稳定后,土体最终含水率差异不大,并且随着距底板高度的增加呈下降趋势;干湿环境下水分迁移也受水分重分布及土颗粒结构重组等多方面的影响,初始含水率和干湿循环次数不同,主导因素也不同,土体水分迁移规律呈现出相应的多样化特征。     

收集板对金属原子二维平面蒸发的影响

为了分析原子法激光同位素分离工程 (AVL IS)分离器中加入精料收集板对原子蒸气密度、速度和温度等物理特性的影响 ,采用直接模拟蒙特卡罗 DSMC (direct-simulation Monte Carlo)方法模拟了铀原子二维平面蒸发动力学过程 ,着重研究了 Knudsen数 K n变化和收集板温度变化对蒸气物理特性的影响。模拟结果表明 :收集板中间 ,蒸气密度增加 ,速度下降 ,温度上升 ;蒸气的 K n越小 ,蒸气的速度越高 ,相对温度越低 ;收集板的温度越高 ,蒸气纵向速度越低 ,温度越高 ,密度越高     

液态UF树脂/木质单元复合板坯的常温导热系数

为了研究人造板板坯的导热性能,采用准稳态平板法,测试了木材纤维和稻草刨花两种板坯在载胶状态下(UF树脂施加量为10%,以绝干纤维或刨花为基础)的导热系数,研究了试验板坯目标密度(0.6、0.7、0.8和0.9 g/cm3)和含水率(木材纤维:10%、15%、20%、25%和30%;稻草碎料:10%、15%和20%)对板坯导热系数的影响。结果表明:在试验目标密度和含水率条件下,木材纤维板和稻草刨花板板坯的导热系数分别为0.231 5～0.523 6 W/(m.K)和0.260 4～0.344 6 W/(m.K);板坯导热系数随密度增大和含水率提高而递增,含水率对木材纤维板板坯导热性能的影响比对稻草板板坯的显著;在板坯含水率低于20%时,稻草板板坯的导热性能普遍优于木材纤维板板坯。     

南阳膨胀土土水特征曲线试验研究

为研究南阳膨胀土土水特征曲线,采用美国Soil moisture公司生产的陶土板进气值为15 bar的压力板仪对原状样和重塑样进行了研究;其中原状样进行了不同高度或面积系列下的研究,重塑样进行了不同干密度或含水率系列下的研究;并采用控制变量法来得出结论。研究结果表明:1面积增加对原状试样的持水特性没有影响,但是高度对土水特征曲线的影响很大,高度增加使得在相同吸力下土样含水率增加,脱水难度增大;2对于重塑样,在相同干密度条件下,低吸力条件土样含水率随初始含水率的增加而增加,随着吸力的增加,从某一吸力值开始,含水率随吸力的增加而降低,初始含水率越高,这个值越低;3在相同的初始含水率条件下,低吸力条件干密度越低含水率越高,随着吸力增加,干密度越低,土样的含水率下降的越快,各试样的含水率开始接近,最后低干密度试样的含水率趋于一致;4考虑体积变化的影响对土水特征曲线进行修正并进行模型拟合,最后表明VG模型能够较好地模拟原状膨胀土的土水特征曲线。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-