变压器绕组光纤光栅温度传感器的优化设计

基于光纤光栅原理,研制了直接测量变压器绕组内部温度的光纤传感器,对传感器的封装工艺、材料进行了优化设计,解决了热力场和应力影响问题。经过温度标定实验,对光纤温度传感器进行了温度校准。现场实验表明,光纤温度传感器与电子传感器的测量温度能够保持较好的一致性和重复性,测量灵敏度小于0.1℃,测量精度可达到±0.5℃,满足变压器绕组内部温度的实时在线检测要求。     

用于油井温度剖面快速测量的高精度光纤光栅温度传感器设计

为实现对油井温度剖面的高精度快速测量，设计了一种游走式高精度光纤光栅温度传感器，采用超细不锈钢管进行耐压封装，进行了温度响应速度的理论仿真，并分析了井下高压对测量精度的影响。对直径1.2 mm的传感器采用商用高精度解调仪进行解调后进行了测试。结果表明，设计的光纤光栅温度传感器的分辨率为0.01 ℃，测温线性范围到达175 ℃，响应速度小于108 ms，耐压可达100 MPa，能够满足油井温度剖面快速测量的需要。     

一种适用于骨肿瘤热疗的光纤光栅测温传感器

为解决骨肿瘤微波热疗时传统电子传感器在微波场环境中无法工作、探针刺入骨膜部位时易折断以及使用寿命短的问题,本文采用光纤光栅测温原理设计了一种测温传感器,该传感系统包括测温探针和光纤光栅多点温度监测仪,采用特殊的一体化结构设计及封装工艺,使探针具有0.5 mm壁厚,提高了传感器整体尤其是探针的机械强度,确保了传感器整体密封性能;采用不锈钢材质加工制作,延长了传感器的使用寿命。实验结果表明,传感器的精度为±0.3 ℃,测温响应时间为5 s。临床应用测试结果表明,该系统分辨率达到0.01 ℃,精度、可靠性高而且抗电磁干扰。     

一种新型的光纤光栅温度增敏技术

通过氢氟酸腐蚀提高光纤布拉格光栅的应变灵敏度,再把腐蚀后的光纤光栅封装在铝套管中,结合这2种增敏效应,得到了具有更大更灵活的温度灵敏度的光纤光栅,并分析了这种封装结构的温度增敏原理.实验表明,封装后的光纤光栅在20～90℃温度范围内,其等效温度度比普通光纤光栅提高了约5.53倍,比直接铝套管封装的光纤光栅提高了约后的光纤光栅温度特性曲线具有很好的线性度,达到了0.9973,并且这种封栅,结构简单,实用性强.     

分布式光纤光栅测温系统的理论分析

介绍了分布式光纤光栅F-G腔基本原理,分析了光纤光栅温度传感器的理论,设计了分布式光纤光栅测温系统,采用波长探测解调系统实现对温度的准分布式多点测量,从理论上说明了其可行性和具有较高的温度分辨率.     

一种新型光纤温度传感器

本文提出一种新型的光纤温度传感器,利用光纤微弯产生光强损耗的原理,测温范围为0℃～200℃,在20℃～95℃时的测量相对精度可达±1%.这种温度传感器可以发展成为测温范围更宽,并同时进行远距离多点检测的系统.     

高频CO2激光脉冲写入的掺硼长周期光纤光栅温度应变特性

高频CO2激光脉冲写入的长周期光纤光栅(LPFG)对温度比较敏感、应变不敏感,通常应用在温度传感器做温度测量.普通长周期光纤光栅温度灵敏度只有0.052 nm·℃-1,而用掺硼光纤制作的长周期光纤光栅温度灵敏度达到0.171 nm·℃-1,比普通长周期光纤光栅更加灵敏.因而应用在温度传感提高了传感器的灵敏度以及测温精度...     

光纤光栅温度增敏技术

选用热膨胀系数较大的聚合物材料,采用特殊工艺用其对裸光纤光栅进行封装,极大地提高了光纤光栅的温度灵敏度.在20～90℃范围内,聚合物封装光纤光栅的平均灵敏度系数η′=112.447×10-6℃,比裸光纤光栅增加了15.804倍;温度灵敏度为0.176 nm/℃,比裸光纤光栅增加了16倍;反射波长漂移量增加了15.95倍.裸光纤光栅和聚合物封装光纤光栅的温度响应曲线均具有很好的线性.     

井下光纤光栅温度压力传感器的研制

井下的温度和压力是油田开发中的重要参数.介绍了一种可用于油井井下长期监测的光纤温度压力传感器,该传感器采用布拉格光纤光栅测量原理,优化设计了特殊的封装结构,通过与油田现场测试技术的紧密结合,实现了国内光纤井下传感器无现场应用的突破.该传感器压力量程0～50 MPa,测试精度达到0.1% FS;温度量程0～150℃,测试...     

光纤光栅温度传感器在地源热泵中应用

地源热泵应用地下土壤的地热资源,为建筑冬季供暖和夏季制冷．为了实时监测地源热泵工作过程中垂直盘管换热器周围土壤温度的变化,应用3个自行研制的光纤光栅温度传感器。组成分布式光纤光栅温度监测系统对其进行监测．3个光纤光栅温度传感器分别安置在25m垂直盘管的5、15和25m处．垂直盘管安装完后,应用FBG波长解调系统采集数据．采用双层钢管封装的光纤光栅温度传感器,有效消除了应变对光纤光栅的影响,同时也提高了光纤光栅的温度灵敏度．该光纤光栅温度传感系统对地源热泵长期工作状态进行了监测,监测结果与理论计算结果符合很好．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.