二噁英污染引起的特异性下颌短小一斑马鱼下颌形态学检测

以二噁英为主的持久性环境污染物质具有强力的致癌、致畸性、致死性，对人类和动物的健康构成了严重的威胁．本实验使用其中毒性最强的环境污染物质2，3，7，8-四氯-二苯基-对-二噁英(2，3，7，8-tetrachlorodibenzo—p-dioxin，以下略为TCDD)作为标准对斑马鱼胚胎进行了染毒．实验结果表明TCDD可以引起斑马鱼下颌的短下，并且这种短小是以TCDD的浓度为依存的，通过原位杂交试验表明TCDD引起斑马鱼下颌短小与goosecoid基因以及与形态发育密切相关的ptd基因表达欠缺．因此本试验预示TCDD引起的下颌短小是特异性的，以下颌的短小作为TCDD对斑马鱼形态学发育影响的一种评价指标是有可行性的。     

福美双对斑马鱼胚胎心脏发育的影响

福美双是我国使用非常广泛、生产量非常大的一种高残留农药,福美双的毒性与高残留性逐步引起世界各国的重视.本研究使用斑马鱼作为实验动物模型,研究了福美双的毒性机制.结果表明福美双引起心囊水肿等外观形态学的变化,心囊水肿率与福美双的浓度呈正相关,通过组织切片进一步证实其致畸性变化.研究表明斑马鱼早期胚胎作为农药的生物学评价具有一定的参考价值.     

甲拌磷对斑马鱼胚胎的毒性研究

采用0(对照),10,20,40,80,160mg/L的甲拌磷给受精后4h的斑马鱼胚胎进行染毒,观察斑马鱼胚胎发育全过程,并在96h摄像,结果表明:斑马鱼卵在24h,48h的半致死浓度分别为25.63mg/L,14.96mg/L.染毒斑马鱼胚胎发育过程中出现尾部弯曲、心律消失、发育停止等特点.     

二(口恶)英污染引起的特异性下颌短小-斑马鱼下颌形态学检测

以二(口恶)英为主的持久性环境污染物质具有强力的致癌、致畸性、致死性,对人类和动物的健康构成了严重的威胁.本实验使用其中毒性最强的环境污染物质2,3,7,8-四氯-二苯基-对-二(口恶)英(2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin,以下略为TCDD) 作为标准对斑马鱼胚胎进行了染毒.实验结果表明TCDD可以引起斑马鱼下颌的短下,并且这种短小是以TCDD的浓度为依存的,通过原位杂交试验表明TCDD引起斑马鱼下颌短小与goosecoid基因以及与形态发育密切相关的ptd基因表达欠缺.因此本试验预示TCDD引起的下颌短小是特异性的,以下颌的短小作为TCDD对斑马鱼形态学发育影响的一种评价指标是有可行性的.     

二噁英污染引起的特异性下颌短小—斑马鱼下颌形态学检测

以二英为主的持久性环境污染物质具有强力的致癌、致畸性、致死性,对人类和动物的健康构成了严重的威胁.本实验使用其中毒性最强的环境污染物质2,3,7,8-四氯-二苯基-对-二英(2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin,以下略为TCDD)作为标准对斑马鱼胚胎进行了染毒.实验结果表明TCDD可以引起斑马鱼下颌的短下,并且这种短小是以TCDD的浓度为依存的,通过原位杂交试验表明TCDD引起斑马鱼下颌短小与goosecoid基因以及与形态发育密切相关的ptd基因表达欠缺.因此本试验预示TCDD引起的下颌短小是特异性的,以下颌的短小作为TCDD对斑马鱼形态学发育影响的一种评价指标是有可行性的.     

基于斑马鱼模型的海洋中药厚藤安全性评价

采用模式生物斑马鱼模型评价海洋中药厚藤水提物（Ipomoea pes-caprae（Linn.） Sweet water extract,IWE）及醇提物（Ipomoea pes-caprae（Linn.） Sweet alcohol extract,IAE）的安全性。采用受精后3 dpf （Day post fertilization） AB系斑马鱼进行急性毒性评价,将受精后10 hpf （Hours post fertilization）斑马鱼用于胚胎发育毒性及心脏毒性评价;将受精后3 dpf的gz15Tg/+（AB）肝脏荧光蛋白转基因斑马鱼用于肝脏毒性评价。结果表明,急性毒性实验中厚藤水提物半数致死浓度（LC₅₀）为2.84 mg/mL,10%致死浓度（LC₁₀）为1.46 mg/mL;厚藤醇提物LC₅₀为1.32 mg/mL,LC₁₀为0.76 mg/mL。胚胎发育毒性实验中厚藤水提物最大非致死浓度（MNLC）组及LC₁₀组干预24 h对斑马鱼胚胎未见尾部自主运动现象且发育迟缓,斑马鱼发育至72 hpf出现心脏和软黄囊肿大现象;厚藤醇提物LC₁₀组与空白对照组比较出现心包水肿,血瘀,观察中各组未见胚胎发育畸形现象。心脏毒性实验中空白对照组斑马鱼胚胎心跳节律规则、搏动强有力;厚藤水提物及醇提物在24 hpf,48 hpf,72 hpf时间点1/3MNLC组、MNLC组及LC₁₀组分别与空白对照组比较,均能明显减慢斑马鱼胚胎的心率且呈现剂量依赖性（P<0.01）;厚藤水提物及醇提物1/3MNLC组、MNLC组及LC₁₀组分别与空白对照组比较,均能明显增加斑马鱼胚胎的SV-BA间距（P<0.01）。肝脏毒性实验中厚藤水提物中各给药组与空白对照组比较,肝脏荧光面积均有减少趋势,组间比较无差异性;厚藤醇提物中1/3MNLC组、MNLC组及LC₁₀组与空白对照组比较,肝脏荧光面积均有增加趋势,但组间比较无差异性,各给药组斑马鱼的丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）水平与空白对照组比较均无显著差异。本实验中厚藤水提物的LC₅₀显著高于醇提物。高剂量LC₁₀组均对斑马鱼胚胎发育产生一定毒性作用。厚藤水提物及醇提物随着给药剂量增加,明显减慢斑马鱼胚胎的心率,产生一定心脏毒性作用。厚藤水提物及醇提物均未引起明显的肝脏毒性。     

利用斑马鱼模型研究芦笋有效成分对免疫功能的调节作用

采用正常发育48 hpf的转基因斑马鱼为实验动物,以氯霉素处理引起免疫抑制,分别加入25.0~200.0 mg/L的芦笋多糖、6.25~100.00 mg/L的芦笋皂苷,处理24 h,观察各组斑马鱼的发育情况,拍照并统计斑马鱼体内中性粒细胞的数量。结果表明,氯霉素处理斑马鱼后,斑马鱼体内中性粒细胞数量减少,芦笋多糖在浓度为50.0~200.0 mg/L范围内对斑马鱼体内中性粒细胞数量减少具有明显改善作用,且具有明显的剂量依赖效应;芦笋皂苷在实验剂量范围内均显示出显著的改善作用。实验结果显示,芦笋的有效成分芦笋多糖、芦笋皂苷对斑马鱼免疫功能具有明显的调节作用。     

白藜芦醇对阿司咪唑诱导斑马鱼心脏损伤的保护作用

探讨不同浓度的白藜芦醇对阿司咪唑诱导斑马鱼胚胎心脏损伤的保护作用。采用发育正常的48 hpf斑马鱼胚胎作为实验模型,加入阿司咪唑(4 μmol/L)后再加入不同浓度的白藜芦醇处理上述胚胎,于72 hpf观察胚胎心脏的形态、心率及静脉窦 动脉球（SV BA）的变化。结果发现阿司咪唑模型对照组在给药后出现心脏损伤现象,包括心包水肿、心脏周围血细胞堆积、心率减慢和SV BA间距的缩短,白藜芦醇给药组对上述损伤情况改善明显,并且随着给药浓度的增加,阿司咪唑诱导的心脏毒性作用明显减小。研究认为白藜芦醇对阿司咪唑诱导的斑马鱼心脏毒性有一定的保护作用。     

异烟肼对斑马鱼幼鱼发育毒性及运动行为学的影响

以斑马鱼幼鱼为研究对象,研究异烟肼对幼鱼发育毒性和行为学的影响。 用不同浓度的异烟肼分别处理发育至72 hpf的斑马鱼幼鱼,观察幼鱼的死亡率、畸形率及形态变化,分析幼鱼行为学轨迹。 异烟肼（≥4 mmol/L）对斑马鱼幼鱼有致死作用,随着浓度的增加和作用时间延长而增强。异烟肼对斑马鱼幼鱼的发育过程有致畸作用,表现为脊柱弯曲、卵黄囊吸收延滞、心包水肿、鱼鳔缺失、体长发育延迟和器官空泡化等。随着给药浓度的增加和作用时间的延长,异烟肼组幼鱼行为轨迹减少,运动次数和运动速度显著降低。结果表明,异烟肼（≥4 mmol/L）对斑马鱼幼鱼具有致死和致畸作用,对幼鱼的运动行为有抑制作用,并且呈现时间和剂量依赖性。     

异烟肼对斑马鱼胚胎发育量-毒关系的研究

研究了一线抗结核药物异烟肼对斑马鱼发育的量-毒关系。用不同浓度的异烟肼分别处理发育至2 hpf(hour post fertilization)的斑马鱼胚胎,观察胚胎和幼鱼的死亡率、孵化率、畸形率、体长及形态学变化。急性毒性实验结果表明异烟肼对斑马鱼有明显的发育毒性,能导致斑马鱼发育迟缓和畸变。与对照组相比,低剂量（小于6 mmol/L）异烟肼对斑马鱼无发育毒性,高剂量（≥32 mmol/L）异烟肼显著抑制胚胎的孵化率,并有明显的胚胎致死效应和致畸效应。斑马鱼死亡率和畸形率均随给药剂量的增加和给药时间的延长而升高。本实验条件下,异烟肼的最大无毒性效应浓度为2 mmol/L。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

The Analects and the Moment in Peking——The influence of a Confucian education system on the personality formation,the way of thinking and the fate of the main characters

0.Preface China has long been boasting of its colorful and immense culture which comprises of Taoism,Confucianism and Buddhism.The interwoven influence among the religions on Chinese way of thinking,on the nation＇s behavior in their social life throughout the long history is beyond list.