微型计算机中的串行通信总线技术

介绍了RS-232C、USB及IEEE1394等个人计算机上采用的串行通信总线技术.剖析了USB和IEEE1394总线的分层体系结构,并对每一个层次给出了详细说明.描述了USB及IEEE1394总线物理连接器的结构和特点.     

USB通信技术

本文讲述了USB通信技术。首先叙述了采用USB总线的优点及其协议规范版本变动，再次描述了USB系统的结构、通信数据流模型；接下来详细讲述了USB的通信传输基础，两种通信方式，控制传输、中断传输、批量传输、同步传输四种传输类型以及USB设备的枚举过程。最后是关于USB设备端固件程序的设计思想，并以PDIUSBD12为例给出了固件程序设计流程图。     

基于BU-61580与USB的MIL-STD-1553B总线控制卡的设计

MIL-STD-1553B总线是一种军用串行总线,具有完整的总线通信协议,具有很高的可靠性,在航空、航天、汽车电子等领域有广泛的应用。USB总线是一种常用的通用串行总线,USB完整的通信协议使得USB传输具有很高的传输速率,接口通用性强等优点,为了在地面测得飞机或者卫星等应用上的1553B总线通信是否正常,需要专门的总线控制卡来进行通信测试,本文介绍了一种基于BU-61580和USB芯片设计的1553总线控制卡,该控制卡实现1553B总线控制的基本功能,包括读取和发送数据,发送方式控制字,向总线广播数据等基本的总线消息,同时继承了USB的各种优点,即支持即插即用功能,传输速度高,支持可编程的消息控制模式,并且介绍了这种总线控制卡的实现方法,包括BU-61580与USB芯片的硬件连接和软件实现,最后介绍了控制卡的测试结果。     

USB通信技术

本文讲述了USB通信技术.首先叙述了采用USB总线的优点及其协议规范版本变动,再次描述了USB系统的结构、通信数据流模型;接下来详细讲述了USB的通信传输基础,两种通信方式,控制传输、中断传输、批量传输、同步传输四种传输类型以及USB设备的枚举过程.最后是关于USB设备端固件程序的设计思想,并以PDIUSBD12为例给出了固件程序设计流程图.     

基于Linux系统的USB主机接口设计与实现

USB是典型的主/从结构.只有USB HOST(主机)才能与USB device通信,其他的设备端口之间不能实现直接通信.本文主要讨论了在嵌入式Linux开发平台下设计USB主机接口设备的一般方法,以及在该平台下USB驱动程序的开发.此外,主机控制器实现了USB总线与计算机系统的连接,本文着重阐述了主机控制器芯片的驱动程序开发.     

USB/RS-232转换器的最简设计方案

由于USB总线的诸多优点，以传统的RS-232接口为数据通信通道的外部设备正越来越多地朝着采用USB总线的方向发展，设计一种内置式或外挂式的双向RS-232／USB转换器就很有必要．文章重点介绍一种以专用芯片FT8U232AM为转换控制器的最为简洁的设计方案．     

基于USB总线的多功能车辆总线网卡设计与实现

对多功能车辆总线（MVB）网卡的结构进行分析,运用VHDL语言实现FPGA中的逻辑设计,使用USB总线实现PC机与FPGA之间的高速数据传输,从而实现PC机与MVB网卡的通信.介绍了USB接口部分的硬件电路设计、FPGA的软件设计以及上位机的软件设计.目前,本设计方案已成功应用于某地铁列车通信控制系统.     

计算机高速通用串行总线接口开发

通用串行总线[USB]是一种新型的计算机外围接口标准.它具有即插即用、扩展方便、数据传输率高等特点.但由于USB总线协议复杂,使得USB设备的开发比较困难.本文首先介绍了USB的总体性能及特点,然后对USB总线的系统体系结构、通信模型、机械规范和电气规范以及USB设备结构作了简要介绍,总结了USB设备开发的一般过程,并对目前USB芯片进行了简要介绍.     

基于USB接口的变电站自动化系统中通信控制器的设计

变电站自动化系统中采用通信控制器负责与上位机及调度中心的通信。传统的设计抗干扰能力差,且安装不便。本设计则利用USB总线的优点,采取多种抗干扰措施保障数据通信的安全高效,并对USB传输机制作了简要的介绍。     

基于TL718的K总线-USB转换器设计

本文采用USB接口技术实现K总线网络与计算机之间的通信,设计的转换器可以应用于上位机软件监控K总线的实时信息。主要介绍了K总线与USB之间的接口电路的硬件设计方法,测试结果表明上位机软件通过该转换器能准确的读取汽车电子控制系统中的故障信息。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.