CaCl_2-NaCl熔盐中Fe~(3+)电化学行为的循环伏安分析

利用ZrO_2(Y_2O_3)固体电解质管集成构建Pt,O_2(air)|ZrO_2作为参比电极的电化学电池,采用循环伏安法在1273、1323、1373、1393K温度下对溶解0.5%Fe2O3的CaCl2-NaCl共晶熔盐中Fe~(3+)的电化学行为进行研究,分析了Fe~(3+)在Pt电极上的还原机理,并计算了电极反应交换电子数、Fe~(3+)扩散系数与Fe~(3+)扩散活化能等电化学参数。结果表明,在实验温度范围内,熔盐中Fe~(3+)在Pt电极上还原为Fe的反应是一步还原并受扩散控制的可逆过程;随着温度升高,Fe~(3+)扩散系数增大,Fe~(3+)扩散活化能为97.91kJ·mol-1。另外,本实验测得的Fe~(3+)扩散系数与文献值基本相符,因此,可以认为利用该电化学电池装置研究溶解有Fe2O3的CaCl2-NaCl溶盐的电化学行为是可行的。     

CaO在CaCl_2-CaO和等摩尔CaCl_2-NaCl-CaO熔盐中的溶解热力学

在923～1223K温度范围内,分别建立了CaCl2和等摩尔CaCl2-NaCl熔盐与固体CaO的两相平衡,采用化学法测量了CaO在CaCl2和CaCl2-NaCl中的溶解度,并通过相平衡规律,计算了CaO在熔盐中的活度系数、过剩溶解吉布斯自由能、焓和熵.在1123～1223K范围内,CaO在CaCl2中的溶解度介于14%～16%之间,高于其在CaCl2-NaCl中的溶解度.CaO在CaCl2中的活度系数小于在CaCl2-NaCl中的活度系数,表明CaO受CaCl2的吸引力大于CaCl2-NaCl的吸引力,CaO饱和的CaCl2-CaO熔盐行为接近规则溶液.通过线性拟合,得到了CaO在熔盐中的溶解度和活度系数与温度的关系.     

熔渣中铁离子的循环伏安分析

研究了电解池配置及测试参数对含FeO熔渣循环伏安曲线稳定性的影响,初步考查了熔渣中Fe2+还原行为。结果表明:采用ZrO2(MgO)管作隔离膜,集成构建含有Pt,O2(air)/ZrO2参比电极的新型管状电解池进行循环伏安测试,能清楚地观察到熔渣体系中的氧化还原峰和电化学特性,但参比电极位置、电阻补偿率、工作电极在渣中的插入深度等对循环伏安曲线有一定影响;熔渣中Fe2+的电解还原过程由扩散控制。     

二氧化硅电脱氧反应的交流阻抗谱

采用交流阻抗等电化学技术研究了SiO2在等物质的量CaCl2和NaCl熔盐中的电脱氧反应.交流阻抗谱表明,SiO2电脱氧为单质硅的反应是两步反应,与循环伏安曲线上的两个还原电流峰相符合.电脱氧后电极产物的XRD分析证实,在反应体系存在着下列中间物:SiO,CaSiO3和Ca2SiO4.通过拟合交流阻抗谱与等效电路,得到SiO2电脱氧反应的电荷传递电阻、双电层电容和活化能.在低电压范围内,电荷传递电阻和活化能均随阴极电压的增加而降低,表明SiO2电脱氧反应的速度控制步骤是电荷传递过程.本研究工作对提高SiO2电脱氧过程的电流效率有重要意义.     

磷钼酸修饰Pd电极上H2O2电催化还原反应

通过循环伏安扫描法制备了磷钼酸修饰的Pd电极,考察了该电极对H2O2电还原的催化性能.研究发现,磷钼酸在Pd电极上发生了吸附,经修饰的Pd电极的催化性能明显高于未修饰Pd电极.     

丝氨酸与肾上腺素相互作用的电化学研究

采用循环伏安法,研究了铂电极与玻碳电极上丝氨酸与肾上腺素在硫酸、盐酸、磷酸、B.R.缓冲溶液中相互作用的电化学行为.实验结果表明,不同电极和体系使丝氨酸与肾上腺素相互作用的循环伏安曲线的氧化还原峰,呈现出不同的变化规律.     

含铝络合离子在铜电极上的电沉积

采用循环伏安法研究了含铝络合离子在铜电极上的电沉积,以探明含铝络合离子在铜电极上的电极过程及表面合金化.循环伏安结果表明,含铝络合离子在铜电极上还原时,铝络合离子首先被还原为金属铝,接着生成的金属铝与铜基体形成铜铝合金.电沉积实验后采用扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪和X射线物相分析仪对样品进行形貌表征及成分分析,扫描电镜及样品侧面线扫描照片结果表明,含铝络合离子在铜电极上析出时与铜基体形成合金,具有明显的过渡层.X射线物相分析结果表明合金为AlCu和Al2Cu,这与铝在铜电极上的循环伏安曲线相吻合,即生成两种新的产物铜铝合金.     

CO_2在Au_(25)团簇修饰玻碳电极上的电催化还原

制备Au25团簇修饰玻碳电极,利用电化学阻抗对其进行表征.通过循环伏安法与红外光谱电化学法,分别研究CO2在玻碳电极与Au25团簇修饰玻碳电极上的电化学还原过程,分析CO2还原过程在两者上的差异.电化学和现场红外差谱结果表明:Au25团簇修饰电极对CO2具有良好的电催化还原活性,降低了CO2电化学还原过电位,探讨了CO2在Au25团簇修饰玻碳电极的电化学还原的反应机制.     

利用电化学方法测定熔渣中Ni~(2+)扩散系数

利用ZrO2(MgO)固体电解质管集成构建Pt,O2(air)|ZrO2作参比电极的可控氧流电解池,采用循环伏安法和计时电流法在1773K下对含3%NiO熔渣中Ni2+的扩散系数进行测定。结果表明,在一定条件下熔渣中Ni2+在Ir电极上的还原是一步还原并受扩散控制的可逆过程;两种方法测得Ni 2+扩散系数值相近且与文献值基本吻合,分别为(8.1±0.2)×10-6和(6.8±1.5)×10-6 cm2/s。因此,可认为采用此电解池装置测定熔渣中Ni 2+的扩散系数是可行的。     

铁胺络合物在悬汞电极上的电化学行为研究

采用循环伏安法研究了电化学还原染色过程中铁胺络合物的电化学行为.结果表明,铁胺络合物在悬汞电极上的电化学还原过程为受扩散控制的准可逆过程,电极上发生单电子转移.加入靛蓝染料后铁胺络合物的电化学还原过程为受吸附控制的准可逆过程,电极上仍发生单电子转移,反应机理为EC机理.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-