某铀矿石微生物浸出性能及影响因素研究

为评估微生物浸出某铀矿石的应用前景,设计正交实验,在不同初始pH值、接种量、浸出时间和固液比条件下,分别开展了嗜铁钩端螺旋菌、嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌和嗜酸喜温硫杆菌浸出某铀矿石的研究。三株微生物对某铀矿石的最高浸出率均高于97%。浸出过程中,微生物浸出体系的pH值均呈下降趋势,Eh值均呈上升趋势。初始pH值、接种量、浸出时间和固液比四个因素对三株微生物的浸出均有影响,但对不同微生物浸铀的影响存在区别。影响嗜铁钩端螺旋菌浸出的主要因素是接种量,而嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌和嗜酸喜温硫杆菌的浸出主要受初始pH值的影响。     

嗜酸嗜热菌FD-LH对高矿浆浓度黄铜矿的生物氧化

研究耐高铜离子浓度的嗜酸嗜热菌FD-LH对梅州黄铜矿生物氧化的特性,考察不同温度、pH值、高矿浆浓度对梅州黄铜矿生物氧化速率的影响,并初步研究串级浸矿工艺的浸出特性.结果表明,在70℃,pH值1.5时黄铜矿浸出效果最佳.FD-LH菌具耐高矿浆浓度(15%~20%)的能力.在矿浆浓度15%时,采用分批浸矿工艺,8 d铜的浸出率为92.0%;采用串级浸矿工艺,8 d铜浸出率高达97.4%.串级浸矿工艺有利于提高铜的浸出速率和浸出率.     

金矿中铜的细菌浸出——Ⅱ.氧化亚铁硫杆菌浸出含铜金精矿中的铜

从矿山酸性排水中分离出氧化亚铁的细菌菌株,经鉴定为氧化亚铁硫杆菌(Thiobacillus ferrooxidans);靠细菌的生物氧化作用浸出含铜金精矿中的铜。当浸出条件控制在pH2.0,温度30℃,矿浆浓度为15%,细菌接种量为10~6个细胞/ml,矿样含铜量为5.07%时,经摇瓶振荡浸出21天,铜的浸出率可达45%左右。最适浸出温度为35℃,超过38℃则生物学氧化作用停止。高温下浸出仅是化学作用为主。细菌浸渣经氰化实验,氰化钠消耗量较对照减少了81%。     

某难处理多金属矿石综合浸出铀、铜、银试验研究

针对某难浸铀矿石,采用“氯化焙烧-硫酸浸出”工艺进行处理提取铀、铜、银。研究结果表明,最佳氯化焙烧实验条件为氯化钠用量6%,氯化焙烧温度 460 ℃,氯化焙烧时间2 h,焙烧液固比0.2∶1。对氯化焙烧后的矿样进行硫酸浸出,浸出条件为:硫酸浓度30 g/L、浸出时间30 min、浸出温度70 ℃、液固比2∶1,此时金属离子铀、铜、银的浸出率分别为铀85.08%、铜95.82%、银91.80%。     

Fe/S质量比对铁硫氧化细菌菌群浸铀行为的影响及其作用机制

为了探明能源基质中Fe/S质量比对铁硫氧化细菌菌群浸铀行为的影响及其作用机制,研究了不同Fe/S质量比作用下铁硫氧化细菌菌群浸铀过程中的浸出液变化、钝化层表面特性及微生物群落动态三方面的差异。结果表明:当Fe/S质量比为5∶0.5、5∶1和5∶5时,铀浸出率均达到90%以上,而在Fe/S质量比为5∶0和5∶10,铀浸出率降低,分别为45.92%和36.96%;添加一定硫粉后(Fe/S质量比为5∶0.5、5∶1和5∶5),可降低体系酸度,降低矿物表面钝化物的产生,增加钝化物的孔隙度,但是添加量过高致使矿石表面形成多硫聚合物而降低A.ferrooxidans的活性,不利于铀的浸出。当Fe/S质量比为5∶0.5、5∶1和5∶5时,浸矿前期A.thiooxidans A01浓度较高,有利于降低体系的pH,创造良好的浸铀条件;在浸矿后期,A.ferrooxidans ATCC 23270浓度逐渐升高,在浸铀过程中发挥着主导作用。     

宏粒子强化真菌浸矿研究

真菌浸出是一种具有发展潜力的新型生物浸矿方法,但需研发强化浸出技术提高浸出率。研究了陶瓷颗粒和玻璃珠两种宏粒子强化黑曲霉浸铀。结果表明:两种宏粒子均可提高铀的浸出率。宏粒子的粒径和加入量对黑曲霉浸铀效果有明显影响。加入1 mm、50 g/L的陶瓷颗粒,铀浸出率为71.11%,比对照组提高了6.19%;加入1 mm、20 g/L的玻璃珠,铀浸出率为76.04%,比对照组提高了11.12%。     

酸浸对钙化焙烧提钒工艺钒浸出率的影响

采用稀硫酸浸出法提取钙化焙烧后钒渣中的钒,考察了浸出参数:物料粒度、体系pH值、浸出温度和时间、液固比(L/S)、搅拌速度对钒及杂质元素浸出率的影响.结果表明:物料粒度小于75μm时对提高钒浸出率影响较小;液固比从2∶1增加到7∶1,搅拌速度由100增加到500r/min时,钒浸出率增长幅度均低于3%;钒浸出率在浸出前15min内迅速升高,之后增长变缓;浸出体系pH值对钒及杂质浸出率影响显著,pH值为2~3时钒浸出率达90%,杂质元素Ca,Mn,Mg,Al,Si,P浸出率为10%~30%;在较佳浸出条件下:粒度96～75μm,pH值为25,温度55℃,时间30min,L/S为3,搅拌速度500r/min,钒浸出率超过91%.     

硬岩铀矿快速高效微生物池浸方法

与传统的酸法浸铀方法相比,微生物浸铀具有浸铀强度高、浸铀速度较快以及浸出液铀浓度较高的优势,但在微生物堆浸浸铀实践中较普遍存在不同程度的铁沉淀板结,为解决这一难题,采用某硬岩铀矿山的粒度10 mm左右、品位为0.281%铀矿石开展了池式微生物浸铀方法试验研究,改堆浸方式为池浸,采用体外繁殖浸铀细菌以生产菌液,并将传统的微生物堆浸的酸化、植菌、浸铀三个阶段合为酸性菌液浸铀一个阶段。渣计铀品位0.025%,渣计浸出率89.56%,平均铀浓度137 mg/L,最高铀浓度2 560 mg/L,浸铀时间48 d,耗酸量7.37%,浸铀总液固比8.93。该方法解决了浸出过程中的铁沉淀板结难题,并有效缩短了浸铀回次周期。     

铟绵中铟锗镓的综合回收工艺

采用"酸浸-萃铟-萃镓-沉锗"工艺,对铟绵中稀散金属铟锗镓进行了综合回收研究,并优化了各工序工艺参数。研究了在硫酸体系下,铟锗镓浸出率与浸出温度、浸出时间和硫酸初始质量浓度的关系,在浸出温度80℃、浸出时间80 min和硫酸初始质量浓度180 g/L时,铟锗镓浸出效果最好。以30%(体积分数)二-2-乙基己基磷酸(P204)+磺化煤油和10%(体积分数)P204+磺化煤油+1.5%(体积分数)C7-9异氧肟酸(YW100)为有机相,对铟和镓进行萃取,研究了相比(O/A)、混合时间和料液初始pH值对铟萃取率和镓萃取率的影响。研究结果表明:在最佳萃取条件下,即萃取铟相比O/A=1∶1、混合时间5 min和料液初始pH值为0.2时,铟的萃取率最高,为88.5%;萃取镓相比O/A=1∶1、混合时间3 min和料液初始pH值为0.5时,镓的萃取率最高,为77.2%。在单宁沉锗工序中探讨了沉淀温度、pH值、搅拌时间和单宁酸倍数对锗沉淀率的影响,得出沉锗的最佳工艺参数为:用20倍的单宁酸,在沉淀温度70℃、pH值为2.5的条件下搅拌10 min。     

摇床速度、初始接种量和pH值对粉拟青霉生长的影响

 在2℃下同一种培养液中,研究了摇床转速、接种量和初始pH值对粉拟青霉菌丝生长量的影响.结果表明粉拟青霉是一种好气性真菌,摇床转速大于10r/min有利于该菌生长;接种量对菌丝最大产量影响不大,但是能够影响菌丝量达到最大值的时间;接种量大于%,有利于菌丝产量迅速达到最大值;粉拟青霉菌在pH值为3～10的培养基中都能够生长,生长过程中能够分泌代谢产物主动调节pH值,该菌在pH为～7的微酸环境中生长最快;液体发酵过程中粉拟青霉生长量与发酵时间的关系符合逻辑斯蒂生长模型.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to