黄土湿陷变形本构关系研究

根据黄土湿陷变形的结构性原理,分析了湿陷变形的塑性特性,引用增湿软化模型ZSM体作为增湿变形的力学模型,应用常规三轴浸水试验研究了不同的应力状态下湿陷性黄土在水和力共同作用下的湿陷变形特性,将增湿含水量作为内应力考虑,并由试验拟台得出湿陷体积屈服面和剪切屈服面,基于广义塑性力学原理建立了湿陷变形的增量本构模型,该模型考虑了湿陷变形中的湿陷体积变形和湿陷剪切变形以及球应力和偏应力对湿陷体积变形和湿陷剪切变形的交叉影响,反映了黄土湿陷变形的特性。     

非饱和黄土湿陷微结构特征的谱系聚类分析

黄土的湿陷性与其微结构之间存在必然联系,为了定量研究黄土湿陷前后的微结构特征,基于谱系聚类原理,定义了类平均距离和重心距离,给出了基于类平均距离和重心距离的微结构参数间的距离递推公式和微结构参数聚类过程,建立了非饱和黄土在湿陷前后其微结构参数评价的聚类方法。研究表明,黄土湿陷前后的微结构具有明显的聚类特征。在建立黄土湿陷变形的本构模型时,可考虑引入类平均距离或重心距离作为合成微结构参数,因其较全面地反映了黄土微结构特征对黄土湿陷性的影响。     

尖点突变模型在湿陷性黄土微结构失稳中的应用

根据湿陷性黄土的特点,从稳定性角度出发,分析黄土湿陷的多种湿陷机理.对已建立的湿陷性黄土结构失稳突变模型给出一个完整的尖点突变模型的计算过程.利用突变理论揭示湿陷性黄土发生湿陷的变形机制和规律.通过尖点突变模型的计算推导得出:当应力满足突变模型分叉点集方程时,其相对应孔隙的微结构将发生失稳坍塌.此外,由于突变模型的控制变量随着k(含水量ω的函数)值的增大而减小,说明土体浸水湿化是土体发生湿陷的重要影响因素.     

黄土湿陷发展规律及数值模拟

为了探究西宁地区黄土湿陷性发展规律以及减小室内外试验误差,通过基坑浸水试验、室内试验以及有限元软件abaqus在加载渗流与变形的情况下对其进行模拟,通过分析得到了西宁地区黄土湿陷系数和湿陷变形规律,以及较为精确的模拟湿陷的模型。结果表明:黄土湿陷系数在300 kPa时大约为0. 5,且随着压力的增大,湿陷系数先增大,后减小,最后趋近于一条直线;黄土湿陷变形规律有着快—慢—快的规律,其湿陷量与该点距试坑中心距离有关,距离越远,湿陷量越小,最大影响范围为20～25 m;在摩尔-库伦模型下,渗流对黄土湿陷性有较大的影响,若在考虑渗流的情况下进行模拟,将有较高的精度,对估算湿陷量有较大的帮助,有利于处理湿陷性黄土方法的选取。     

湿陷性黄土地基不均匀沉降处理分析

针对湿陷性黄土地基不均匀沉降现象,通过分析黄土的分布及形成,黄土湿陷的成因,影响黄土湿陷的因素及湿陷等级,分析湿陷性黄土地基不均匀沉降产生的原因。利用ANSYS有限元建立有限元模型,进行数值分析,并对湿陷性黄土地基不均匀沉降选择合适的处理方案。     

西宁地区不同湿陷程度黄土的微观结构分析

为防止由于黄土的湿陷性导致道路不均匀沉降问题,通过采用单线法测定不同压力下西宁地区强、弱湿陷性黄土的湿陷变形量,并利用扫描电子显微镜、压汞仪对其内部结构特征进行研究分析,探讨黄土内部结构与宏观湿陷变形的相关性,对路基高度进行合理设计。研究结果表明:(1)随压力增大,强、弱湿陷性黄土湿陷变形均表现为"显著—平缓—稳定"三个阶段,且强湿陷性黄土较弱湿陷性黄土的湿陷量变化增长斜率较陡,发展变形速度快;(2)弱湿陷性黄土较强湿陷性黄土浸水前后的颗粒由松散易被挤密,孔隙也被细小的集粒填充且连通性变差,由间接接触为主的连接方式变为直接接触;(3)强湿陷性黄土较弱湿陷性黄土浸水前后的孔隙面积比例下降幅度较大,孔隙有序性差且孔隙圆形度减小,颗粒易被压碎且集团化程度较弱,孔隙进汞量大,20μm孔径分布含量较高,与其宏观湿陷性具有较好的相关性。     

兰州Ⅲ级阶地黄土湿陷性初步试验研究

对兰州的深厚层黄土湿陷性进行了初步研究 .采用PHI 570 2X射线光电子能谱仪测定了兰州黄土的易溶盐含量 ,结果发现其中对湿陷性影响最强烈的Na2 CO3含量比全国 (已测到 )的最高值高 4 .3倍 ,比平均值高 2 3.6倍 .通过室内试验得出该地区黄土湿陷的一些基本指标及湿陷量的范围 ,还对湿陷过程的各个阶段进行了划分和比较 ,并给出湿陷量随深度变化的规律     

模糊综合评判在黄土湿陷性评价中的应用

通过分析影响黄土湿陷性的主要因素，给出了黄土影响湿陷分级的4个定量指标的隶属函数，利用所给隶属函数对黄土湿陷性等级进行模糊综合评判，建立了黄土湿陷等级分类的二级模糊综合评判方法．     

兰州高坪黄土湿陷系数的试验压力取值探讨

湿陷性黄土场地的湿陷性质、类型评定与侧限浸水压缩试验的测试压力关系密切.考虑地区、基础型式、埋深和应力扩散的综合影响,确定湿陷系数测试压力,为准确确定地基的湿陷量提供依据.通过兰州两处高坪8个不同位置的湿陷性黄土的室内湿陷性试验,分析黄土密度、含水量、湿陷系数沿深度的变化规律.针对中小型建筑工程采用条形基础时,考虑3个不同基底压力在地基中的附加应力扩散规律,探讨饱和黄土地基总应力沿深度的变化规律,给出不同深度的黄土湿陷系数的浸水压力的建议值表.     

湿陷性黄土地基不均匀沉降: 砌体结构基础变形规律

由于湿陷性黄土地基抗剪抗弯能力弱、浸水易发生湿陷变形。地基不均匀湿陷沉降变形极易引发地基、基础局部产生脱空现象,本文针对湿陷性黄土地区砌体结构建筑物地基基础局部产生脱空变形进行了研究,假定湿陷性黄土地基表面及地层表面不均匀沉降曲线符合Peck公式,利用静力平衡、Fourier级数对弹性地基梁挠度进行了数学表达式推导,通过自编程序计算,结果发现变量k取10和100时的值基本相同,湿陷性黄土地基表面及地层表面不均匀沉降曲线基本符合Peck公式,计算结果与实际情况基本相符,为湿陷性黄土地区砌体结构建筑检测、加固、维修提供理论依据。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.