基于同心圆轨道的锥形束CT重建算法

由于基于圆轨道锥形束 CT(com putertom ography)重建算法 (如 FDK算法 )只有在小锥角的条件下才能得到比较好的重建质量 ,因此在实际应用中时受到很多的限制。该文利用外推的思想提出了一种基于同心圆轨道的锥束 CT重建算法。利用不同半径的同心圆轨道对物体重建两次 ,并根据平方反比关系 ,利用两次 FDK算法重建结果的差异估计出真实值和重建值的差异 ,然后利用这个差异来修正重建结果。得益于这个修正 ,该算法可以很好地抑制FDK算法由于锥角变大引起的伪影。仿真模拟结果表明 :该算法对高对比度和低对比度物体锥束重建的锥角使用范围比 FDK提高 1～ 3倍     

锥束CT的分区短扫描FDK重建算法

圆轨道锥束CT(computed tomography)重建中,随着锥角增大,锥角伪影和数据缺失伪影越来越严重,影响FDK算法(由Feldkamp-Davis-Kress名字命名)重建区域的大小和图像质量。本文分析了短扫描FDK算法(short scanFDK,SS-FDK)重建时的数据完整性,提出了根据重建切片高度自适应地将重建切片分成若干区域,对每个区域采用SS-FDK算法进行重建的分区短扫描FDK重建算法。理论分析及试验仿真表明,该方法虽然计算复杂度有所增加,但充分利用了锥束CT投影数据,较大地增大了重建区域,完全重建区域高度达到扫描高度的1-sin2δ倍(δ为射线源半张角),且重建精度和图像质量与FDK算法相当。     

锥束CT的分区短扫描FDK重建算法

圆轨道锥束CT(computed tomography)重建中,随着锥角增大,锥角伪影和数据缺失伪影越来越严重,影响FDK算法(由Feldkamp-Davis-Kress名字命名)重建区域的大小和图像质量。本文分析了短扫描FDK算法(short scanFDK,SS-FDK)重建时的数据完整性,提出了根据重建切片高度自适应地将重建切片分成若干区域,对每个区域采用SS-FDK算法进行重建的分区短扫描FDK重建算法。理论分析及试验仿真表明,该方法虽然计算复杂度有所增加,但充分利用了锥束CT投影数据,较大地增大了重建区域,完全重建区域高度达到扫描高度的1-sin2δ倍(δ为射线源半张角),且重建精度和图像质量与FDK算法相当。     

基于FDK反投影权重的锥束DSA重建算法

针对锥束数字减影血管造影成像系统(DSA)锥角增大而导致锥束伪影严重的问题,提出了一种基于FDK的反投影权重锥束DSA重建算法.分析了圆扫描轨迹远端伪影的成因,针对短扫描阴影区域导致的Radon空间数据缺失,提出了一种距离变量的反投影权重函数,并将其作为约束条件引入到FDK算法中,实现扫描轨迹远端区域的数据补偿,扩大图像重建区域.应用该算法对无噪声和有噪声的模拟投影数据,及自行研发的锥束DSA的实际扫描数据分别进行了重建试验.结果表明,文中算法较FDK类算法(Parker-FDK)对大锥角投影数据可明显抑制锥角伪影,其归一化均方距离判据和归一化平均绝对距离判据比Parker-FDK均降低了5％.     

CT投影变换理论及其在圆轨道锥束重建中的应用

为了精确地获得计算机断层成像(CT)图像重建所需的平行束X射线投影,提出了CT投影变换理论,得到了一种精确地由锥束投影计算平行束投影的算法.该算法可以适用于任意形式的扫描轨道.在此基础上,分别提出了针对完整物体和物体感兴趣区域进行CT投影变换的投影数据完备性条件.将CT投影变换方法应用于圆轨道CT图像重建,有效地改善了FDK算法的重建结果,特别是在远离扫描轨道的平面内,改进后的重建图像CT值更加接近真实值.数值模拟实验证明了上述CT投影变换理论和方法的有效性.     

基于相机模型的锥束CT重建误差校正

该文对存在几何误差的锥束计算机层析成像(CT)的图像重建校正方法进行了研究。该文将锥束CT系统看做针孔相机,因此相机的成像模型可以用来修正三维体素与二维投影之间的映射关系。将该映射关系带入到重建算法中,就可以对存在误差的锥束CT进行有效的重建,提高重建图像的质量。计算机视觉中的相机标定技术被用来构建成像模型。该技术的可靠性保证了本文方法的精度和鲁棒性。仿真和实际系统实验表明:本方法可以在图像重建过程中对锥束CT中的几何误差进行有效的校正。     

基于转角增量关系的FDK锥束重建改进算法

单圆形轨迹不能满足锥束投影精确重建的充要条件是经典FDK算法出现锥向衰减伪像的根本原因.通过斜平面转角增量关系的分析,推导出同锥角斜平面间转角及其增量的计算关系,进而得出FDK算法是对同锥角斜平面族上有限视角的投影数据进行重建,并且在滤波反投影重建过程中存在转角关系不匹配问题.针对上述两个问题,提出了一种利用转角及其增量关系对FDK算法进行改进的新方法,改进思路也进一步推广到T-FDK算法中.Shepp-Logan模型的仿真实验结果表明在适中或较大锥角情况下,改进算法显著改善了FDK算法所存在的锥向衰减伪像.     

基于OPED的有限角投影数据快速重建算法

针对Radon投影的计算机断层(Computer Tomography,CT)重建问题,提出了一种新的基于单位圆上正交展开法(Orthogonal Polynomial Expansions on the Disk,OPED)的有限角投影数据快速重建算法。该算法通过求解缺失投影与已知数据分别对应的正弦变换数据集之间所满足的线性方程组,得到完备数据正弦变换数据集的近似值,之后运用快速傅里叶变换(Fast Fourier Transform,FFT)及线性插值算法提高重建速度从而缩短重建时间。分别推导了单、双边投影数据缺失时的快速重建算法并给出了重建结果,实验结果证明,该方法能够有效提高重建效率。     

基于滤波反投影的超短锥束CT扫描算法

分析了现有的一些超短扫描算法,提出一种基于滤波反投影(FBP)方法的超短扫描算法和实现这种算法的圆周分段联合的扫描方式.用该算法对感兴趣区域实施超短扫描所获取的数据可以进行精确的体积重建,并且对噪声不敏感.所提出的圆周分段联合的锥束投影扫描是一种把圆周轨道的半扫描和超短扫描进行合并的组合扫描方式,这种方式有助于提高病灶区域的空间分辨率和密度分辨率,并可降低病人所受X射线照射的剂量.     

微型CT中X射线散射影响

为了评估了小动物锥束微型计算机层析图像(micro-CT)中低能X射线散射的大小和对系统成像结果的影响,该文引入了散射率(scatter-to-pri mary ratio,SPR)的概念。采用主射线终止法计算X射线散射率大小,并利用外推拟合法估测直径为0 mm阻挡物的散射值。用铅板制成的狭缝改变系统成像的锥角大小,讨论了锥束micro-CT中锥角大小与散射率的关系。直径40 mm的均匀树脂模型用来模拟小鼠,当锥角分别为0.247°和5.67°时,X射线散射率分别为4.78%和27.58%。讨论了散射对重建图像均一度和对比度的影响。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.