声—光可调谐滤波器在光分插复用中的应用

充分抽复用（OADM）是实现全光网络（AON）的关键技术，介绍了OADM的4种方案，重点对基于声-光可调谐波波器（AOTF）的OADM进行研究，认为随着器件性能的不断改善，AOTF将在全光网络建设中起到重要作用。     

声-光可调谐滤波器在光分插复用中的应用

光分插复用 (OADM)是实现全光网络 (AON)的关键技术 ,介绍了 OADM的 4种方案 ,重点对基于声 -光可调谐波波器 (AOTF)的 OADM进行研究 ,认为随着器件性能的不断改善 ,AOTF将在全光网络建设中起到重要作用     

声-光可调谐滤波器在光分插复用中的应用

光分插复用(OADM)是实现金光网络(AON)的关键技术,介绍了OADM的4种方案,重点对基于声-光可调谐波器(APTF)的OADM进行研究,认为随着器件性能的不断改善,AOTF将在全光网络建设中起到重要作用.     

全光通信网中的光分/插复用器

在对现有的各类光分／插复用器(OADM)进行总结和比较的基础上，按结构特点将其归纳为5类基本形式，即分波器 波长交换单元 合波器型，波长光栅路由器(WGR)型，声光可调谐滤波器(AOTF)型，解复用器／复用器型和耦合单元 滤波单元 合波器型。论述了各类OADM的工作原理、结构、性能特点、技术水平及相应的关键技术，为发展相关技术、开发OADM产品、设计具有分／插复用功能的波分复用系统提供了依据和参考。     

基于功率监视的光突发交换网络故障发现机制

#光突发交换（OBS）网络的数据信道由于采用统计复用的全光透明传输方式，因此其性能监视和故障发现 是一项极具挑战性的研究课题。在分析使用平均功率监测方法检测（OBS）网络故障时存在缺陷的基础上，提出了 基于瞬时光功率监测的光突发交换故障发现机制，该机制采用瞬时光功率监测与告警过滤相结合实时监视信道， 有效过滤误告警和冗余告警，为故障定位模块提供更准确的告警信息；理论分析和仿真结果表明；在(OBS)网络 中，基于瞬时功率监测的告警过滤机制具有更强的性能监视和故障发现能力。     

全光网络中的光开关技术及应用

在整个光通信系统中，光开关是较为重要的光无源器件，在光网络系统中可对光信号进行选择性操作。光 开关的研究日益成为全光通信领域关注的焦点，总结了光开关在全光网络中的应用，介绍了光开关的基本工作原 理及光开关技术的进展。     

光码分复用/波分复用多跳网的地址码转换方案及误码率性能

采用码分复用(OCDM)与波分复用(WDM)相结合的技术可以构成多跳网，其关键技术是波长和地址码的转换，但转换中存在着电子瓶颈．提出了一个全光的地址码转换方案，该方案依赖于光硬限幅器技术，适用于时域编码的OCDM系统．分析了影响该方案工作性能的各项因素，并利用Gaussian近似，得到了码字转换差错率的边界与光硬限幅器的阈值之间的关系，以及该光码字转换方案对网络端到端误码率性能的影响．     

WDM光时分复用网络节点的设计

提出了一种大容量的WDM光时分复用网络的概念。这种网络既可利用WDM技术中的波长选路技术，又对每个波长独立进行光时分复用，大大提高了网络的传输速率。文中提出了在光网络中实现时分复用的方式和两种时隙交换的节点结构，分析了WDM光时分复用网络的容量及其优点．指出WDM时分复用是未来全光网络的发展方向。     

一种基于光标记交换技术的全光网络的设计方案

光标记交换（OLS：Optical Label switch)是一种新的光交换新技术，OLS是光包交换（OPS：Optical Packet Switch)的实现形式，90年代以来，OLS从器件、系统、网络诸方面正以惊人速度向前发展，并逐步向实用化迈进。提出了一种基于光标记交换技术的全光网络的新的设计方案，叙述了这种方案的设计原理和该网络的功能，给出了光标记交换全光网的拓扑结构和OLS节点的结构。     

WDM光网络中拓扑结构对同频串扰积累的影响

采用统计方法研究了波分复用(WDM)光网络中网络拓扑对同频串扰积累的影响。网络拓扑用两个参数描述:网络中节点数和网络连接度。在WDM光网络中,同频串扰由光交叉连接节点/光上下路节点(OXC/OADM)中非理想的光开关和复用器/解复用器引入,是使信号质量恶化的主要原因之一。结果表明:对于给定的网络规模,存在一个最佳的网络连接度可使同频串扰的积累最小,从而降低对光器件的要求。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.