GNSS导航电文空间信号测距误差分析

空间信号测距误差(Signal-In-Space Range Error,SISRE)描述卫星广播星历误差和钟差参数误差在用户平均星站方向的投影,是影响用户定位授时精度的关键因素.本文以事后精密轨道和钟差参数为基准,分别评估Galileo,GPS和BDS-3卫星的广播星历轨道用户测距误差(User Range Error,URE)、钟差参数误差、SISRE的大小和特征.结果表明,Galileo,GPS,BDS-3的SISRE分别为0.14,0.49,0.35 m.三者的广播星历轨道URE分别为0.14,0.27,0.09 m.三者的钟差参数误差分别为0.14,0.41,0.35 m.Galileo广播星历径向轨道误差和钟差参数误差之间具有很强的相关性.两者相互抵消,可有效降低Galileo卫星的SISRE.不同类型GPS卫星的钟差参数误差和SISRE有明显区别.随着GPS卫星的更新换代,其钟差参数误差和SISRE会逐步降低.BDS-3卫星具备与GPS和Galileo卫星显著不同的特征:(1)BDS-3卫星广播星历轨道径向误差和钟差参数误差的相关性较小,自洽性较差;(2)BDS-3卫星广播星历轨道URE较小,而钟差参数误差较大.其中,BDS-3卫星的广播星历轨道URE小于Galileo和GPS,但是其钟差参数误差对SISRE的贡献显著大于Galileo和GPS.通过比对上述卫星的SISRE大小及特征,指出提高钟差参数精度是提高BDS-3卫星空间信号精度的关键.     

利用广播星历计算GPS卫星位置及误差分析

为了提高GPS卫星轨道计算的精确性和实时性,通过对GPS卫星的广播星历进行分析,利用从广播星历中获取的开普勒轨道参数和轨道摄动修正项,以2005年11月6日的R INEX格式的广播星历为例,通过编程,计算了07号卫星当天24 h的轨道位置坐标,并将其与当天的精密星历所提供的卫星轨道位置坐标进行对比,并对广播星历的轨道精度进行初步的讨论。结果表明,该方法确实提高了GPS卫星轨道位置坐标计算的精度。利用广播星历计算GPS卫星位置的误差主要是由于时间外推方法造成的。     

基于半长轴补偿的广播历书参数改进计算方法

基于全球定位系统(global positioning system,GPS)历书参数忽略了卫星轨道近地点角的变化,无法准确描述中圆地球轨道(medium earth orbit,MEO)卫星轨道的长期变化规律,直接使用历书参数进行最小二乘拟合的传统方法无法取得较高精度等问题,针对非历书长期改正项对位置计算的影响进行分析,提出一种基于半长轴补偿的广播历书改进计算方法。对拟合历书增加角速度变化量,并利用其对半长轴平方根进行补偿从而获得广播历书参数。研究结果表明:通过此方法拟合6 d卫星轨道数据,位置误差为数千米,用户测距误差(user range error,EUR)小于900 m,比传统直接历书拟合方法精度提高1倍以上;改进法获得的历书外推8 d的用户测距误差小于3 km,采用传统方法获得的历书用户测距误差达8 km。     

GPS卫星星历仿真

阐述了GPS卫星星历仿真的基本原理,并通过对某些特定的GPS卫星星历的仿真,获得了该卫星星历仿真数据和卫星位置数据,并将两者与相对应的实际广播星历数据和卫星位置数据进行比较,得到了较为理想的结果.结果表明,该仿真方法的精确性、可靠性和适用性对卫星数据处理有很大的帮助.     

北斗GEO卫星广播星历的直接拟合算法研究

针对因北斗地球静止轨道(GEO)卫星的小倾角特性,经典全球卫星定位系统(GPS)广播星历拟合算法不能直接应用于北斗GEO卫星这一问题,提出了一种基于无奇点变换的北斗GEO卫星广播星历直接拟合算法.该算法采用一组无奇点轨道根数代替经典轨道根数,解决了由GEO轨道的小倾角特性引起的经典广播星历拟合过程中法化矩阵奇异的问题;同时,避免了接收机GEO广播星历参数用户算法中坐标旋转的过程,减少了GEO用户算法的计算步骤.经仿真验证:该算法可很好地适用于北斗GEO卫星广播星历拟合,且拟合精度高,完全满足接收机导航定位的精度.但对于圆地球轨道(MEO)和倾斜地球同步轨道(IGSO)卫星,该算法实用性较差,仍须进一步研究和改进.     

北斗系统长期空间信号测距精度评估及精度提升分析

基于后处理精密产品,评估了2015-06-01—2018-06-30北斗广播星历的性能精度.对北斗系统性能精度评估的基准问题进行了讨论,统计分析了北斗系统不同星座卫星的轨道差值与星钟差值的长期变化趋势,表明北斗系统空间信号测距精度有逐年提升的趋势.还发现北斗广播星历在2017-01-17前后做出的调整具有较好的效果,不同卫星轨道径向产生一个非零均值的偏差,分析表明该径向偏差更好地实现了轨道径向与卫星星钟参数的自洽,进而大大提高了北斗系统空间信号测距精度.并且北斗系统在2017-07-22对广播星历TGD参数进行了更新,提高了卫星钟差精度.采用4个MGEX测站数据的伪距单点定位验证北斗空间信号精度提升对北斗系统基本导航定位服务的影响,结果表明北斗系统在2017年2次更新后,北斗基本导航定位精度在NEU三个方向分别提升41%、49%和39%.2018年1—6月的统计结果表明,目前北斗系统的IGSO卫星空间信号测距精度最高,优于0.8 m,GEO与MEO卫星次之,约为1 m.     

GPS与北斗广播星历TGD参数对单点定位影响比较分析

卫星群延时间参数(Timing Group Delay,TGD)表征了卫星不同频率信号通道之间的延迟偏差,一般作为重要的信息在卫星导航系统的广播星历中播发给用户.由于不同卫星导航系统广播星历中的钟差定义的不同,卫星TGD参数的含义也有所差异,用户在利用广播星历进行定位授时中必须正确理解并使用广播星历卫星钟差与各个频率信号的TGD改正参数.本文针对GPS和北斗卫星导航系统(BDS),分别使用无电离层组合和单频观测对TGD参数在定位中的影响进行计算和分析,通过比较分析指出了目前北斗广播星历中的TGD可能存在一些问题需要进一步调查.     

北斗基本导航电文定义与使用方法

导航卫星发播的导航电文信息是用户导航定位的空间基准和时间基准.本文主要讨论了北斗卫星导航系统发展现状,介绍了北斗卫星导航系统发播信号特征与信息内容以及北斗系统时空基准与GPS(Global Positioning System)差异,在此基础上,详细给出了北斗基本导航电文中的卫星钟差与TGD(Time Group Delay)参数、卫星星历参数、电离层延迟模型参数的定义与使用方法,并结合实际应用,给出了用户使用北斗导航电文时需要特别注意的一些问题.     

GPS卫星广播星历的Lagrange等距插值算法

实时GPS定位需要不断地用接收到的广播星历计算卫星位置,而采用直接法计算会占用大量内存,影响计算速度.在阐述Lagrange等距插值算法的基础上,推导出计算GPS卫星坐标的Lagrange等距插值多项式,并通过算例详细说明了利用广播星历和Lagrange等距插值多项式计算GPS卫星坐标的方法和过程,最后对插值的精度进行了分析;发现当插值多项式的阶数达到10次时,误差不超过1mm.     

BDS-3广播星历轨道、钟差精度分析

文章针对北斗卫星导航系统(BeiDou Navigation Satellite System, BDS),分析了北斗三号卫星(BDS-3)广播星历的轨道和钟差精度,给出了详细的精度评估方法;选取连续30 d的BDS广播星历数据,以精密星历为参考值从轨道偏差、钟差偏差、空间测距误差、单点定位(single point positioning, SPP)精度等方面对BDS-3广播星历精度进行分析评估。结果表明:BDS-3广播星历钟差精度优于0.686 ns,轨道精度径向优于0.289 m,切向和法向优于3.948 m,明显优于同类型北斗二号卫星(BDS-2);SPP定位精度方面,5个测站上BDS-2/BDS-3组合在E、N、U方向平均分别为0.634、0.714、3.495 m,相比于单BDS-2分别提高了23.2%、47.6%、9.1%。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to