基于马尔科夫链的MOOC计算思维学习规模的预测

利用中国大学MOOC平台数据,统计从2012—2018年的计算思维课程修学人数,建立马尔科夫链模型。确定学习规模变化的平稳S、增长G和减少R等3个状态,设定变化概率的计算公式,明确变化概率的值与状态的对应关系,并据此确定一次转移矩阵。根据预测数据的特点,比较估算状态转移概率矩阵的多种求解方法,选择二次规划法求解状态转移概率矩阵。引入最小二乘法的思想,将各个概率非负以及行和为1的条件加入模型中。在Matlab中实现了状态转移概率矩阵的求解过程。依据状态转移概率矩阵预测MOOC计算思维课程的学生规模,进行了模型检验。结果表明,建立的马尔科夫链模型可以预测中国大学MOOC计算思维课程规模的变化趋势,对未来发展规模的预测结果进行了分析。     

指数平滑结合条件Markov预测模型研究——基于新疆货运量预测

建立了一个时间序列预测模型。以三次指数平滑模型为基本预测模型,并基于马尔科夫链定义了误差修正模型--条件马尔科夫链。条件马尔科夫链的特点在于将传统马尔科夫链中的一步状态转移概率矩阵变成条件一步状态转移概率矩阵,即在条件马尔科夫链的状态转移概率矩阵中,每个元素的意义为:在已知t-1时刻的状态下,t时刻的状态转向t+1时刻状态的概率:即P{(E_t→E_(t+1))/E_(t-1)}。在文章中以新疆货运量为实验对象,通过对新疆货运量这一指标用三次指数平滑模型,用三次指数平滑模型结合马尔科夫链和三次指数平滑模型结合条件马尔科夫链三个模型进行预测,结果显示,经过条件马尔科夫链修正后的预测结果误差最小,证明文中模型可以有效提高预测精度。     

基于时变状态转移隐半马尔科夫模型的寿命预测

隐半马尔科夫模型在进行系统状态估计及寿命预测时,其状态转移概率矩阵是固定值,得到的剩余寿命预测值呈阶梯状变化,与系统的实际剩余寿命值之间存在着较大的误差.针对上述问题,提出了具有时变状态转移概率矩阵的隐半马尔科夫模型,根据系统的3种典型退化状态分析,给出3种不同的状态转移系数.与初始状态转移矩阵相结合,得到随时间变化的状态转移矩阵.提高系统在当前健康状态下的剩余持续时间估计精度,最终得到更为准确的总体剩余寿命预测值.结果表明,基于时变状态转移概率矩阵的隐半马尔科夫模型相比传统的隐半马尔科夫模型,可显著提高剩余寿命预测的准确性.     

一种采用灰色马尔科夫组合模型的采煤机记忆截割算法

针对传统采煤机记忆截割策略需要频繁人工调整摇臂高度导致效率和精度低等不足,提出利用灰色马尔科夫组合模型的采煤机自适应记忆截割策略。当采煤机截割岩石时,首先根据截割高度先验数据,利用灰色模型得到截割高度预测数据,在此基础上,对该预测数据进行残差计算和状态划分,确定马尔科夫链状态概率矩阵。通过马尔科夫链状态概率矩阵对灰色模型进行反馈修正,得到采煤机截割高度自适应调整值。通过模拟采煤机工作面调整高度,对2种采煤机记忆截割策略进行仿真分析。研究结果表明:传统记忆截割模型可信度为96.26%,但需要5次人工调整,而灰色马尔科夫记忆截割模型的可信度在无人干预下高达99.20%;基于灰色马尔科夫组合模型的采煤机记忆截割策略不仅具有更高的控制精度,而且大大提高了采煤机的自动化水平。     

自然通风动态风速条件建模

基于双参数Weibull模型、马尔科夫链模型及极大似然理论模型提出适用于自然通风的动态风速条件建模方法,并对方法的合理性进行阐述。与其他风速构造方法相比,构造序列时间间隔更小,可基于逐时数据进行构造;构造过程中同时考虑自然风速的统计特性及时序特性,风速特性反映更为全面。以上海地区风速为例,进行应用分析,并建立统计模型参数与逐时平均风速的回归模型及风速变化转移概率矩阵。通过与实测风速序列对比,对该方法的有效性进行验证。研究结果表明:反演风速序列与实测风速序列特性参数一致,其中整体序列统计模型拟合尺寸因子参数分别为实测序列为3.27相应反演序列为3.33,形状因子参数值分别为实测序列为2.26相应反演序列为2.28,其他参数相对偏差亦在5%之内,证明了该方法的有效性。     

马尔科夫链与原油进口时机选择

在总结油价预测模型的基础上,视原油价格动态过程为马尔科夫链,利用数理统计方法计算得到马尔科夫链状态转移概率;根据马尔科夫链的性质,在其状态转移概率基础上,得到其长游程的稳态概率;继之利用动态规划技术,进行原油进口时机决策.利用这种方法对实际油价进行原油进口时机决策.结果表明,新决策方法能够有效规避"买涨不买跌",且简单易行,有效提高数据利用率.     

HDNN-MC模型在特高拱坝变形预测中的应用

递阶对角神经网络(HDNN)采用动态BP学习算法,可以逼近任意非线性函数且具有收敛速度快、预报精度高的特点,因此本文将其引入到大坝安全监测领域,以水压、温度和时效为输入量,坝体位移为输出量,在此基础上运用马尔科夫链(MC)模型对预测数据进行残差计算和状态划分,确定马尔科夫链状态概率矩阵,通过马尔科夫链状态概率矩阵对HDNN模型进行反馈修正,从而提高精度。基于此建立了HDNN-MC模型并应用于某特高拱坝的变形预测。结果表明,HDNN-MC综合模型相对于单一模型,预测精度得到显著提高,能更高效准确地预测大坝变形。     

基于灰色马尔可夫链的农民平均收入实证研究

将灰色理论和离散状态的马尔可夫链相结合,用灰色马尔可夫链对农村居民人均纯收入进行实证研究.针对灰色数据系列首先用GM(1,1)模型进行趋势预测,然后利用马尔可夫状态转移概率矩阵预报方法对其预测值进行二次拟合,得到马尔可夫链预测精度明显高于GM(1,1)模型预测.     

基于马尔科夫链模型的中国居民消费价格指数的分析和预测

本文运用马尔科夫链模型分析了自2002年中国加入世界贸易组织(WTO)以来的月居民消费价格指数(CPI),基于CPI定基比数据建立了变动趋势的二阶转移矩阵,基于CPI同比数据建立了经济状态的三阶转移矩阵,利用转移矩阵的遍历性分析得到中国经济的平稳分布,并对中国未来经济进行了预测,同时给出了一些政策建议。     

基于钻孔资料的耦合马尔可夫链水平方向转移概率矩阵估计

地层变异在实际滑坡中广泛存在,其表现为不同类型岩土材料的互相嵌套或一种类型岩土体在另一种较均质岩土体中的随机分布.岩土工程实践中仍缺乏一种有效的地层变异模拟方法.为此,搜集了不同地区的钻孔资料,检验了土体状态转移的一阶马尔可夫性.提出了一种实用的基于钻孔数据的耦合马尔可夫链水平方向转移概率矩阵估计方法.利用给定的水平方向转移概率矩阵进行耦合马尔科夫链模拟以产生虚拟钻孔,通过比较给定的水平方向转移概率矩阵和利用虚拟钻孔估计的水平方向转移概率矩阵评估了所提方法的有效性.最后,利用澳大利亚珀斯市的钻孔资料进行了水平方向转移概率矩阵的估计.结果表明,土体状态转移的一阶马尔可夫性在现实中是广泛存在的;当给定的转移概率矩阵对角占优(矩阵的对角线元素大于非对角元素之和)程度较高时,估计的水平方向转移概率矩阵和给定值有较好的吻合.所提方法使耦合马尔科夫链模型能被有效地用于地层变异的模拟,为在岩土工程中考虑地层变异奠定了基础.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.