基于深度展开的SAR大斜视RD成像算法

大斜视角条件下的合成孔径雷达SAR回波信号具有方位向和距离向严重耦合、大距离徙动等特点,采用常规的距离多普勒RD算法成像,会引起方位向的散焦以及空变等问题。为了改善大斜视SAR在成像过程中存在的问题,提出了一种基于深度展开网络的SAR大斜视可学习距离多普勒成像方法。该方法将RD成像方法与深度学习结合,利用RD成像的步骤构建了基于深度展开网络的RD学习成像网络结构,将回波数据作为网络输入来学习回波数据到大斜视SAR图像的成像过程。首先,在分析大斜视SAR回波信号模型的基础上确定了网络成像过程中的可学习参数;其次,根据成像过程设计大斜视SAR成像网络;最后,通过非监督训练的方法对网络进行训练,最终输出学习成像结果。点目标和面目标仿真结果表明,该方法可以有效抑制旁瓣,提高成像精度和计算效率,满足SAR在大斜视角下的成像要求。     

基于改进极坐标格式算法的大斜视SAR成像方法

针对大斜视合成孔径雷达成像（SAR）模式下,回波存在较大的距离走动和严重的距离 方位交叉耦合等问题,对传统极坐标格式算法（PFA）进行改进,提出了一种基于改进的PFA算法的大斜视SAR成像方法。根据实际回波数据存储的形式,建立了大斜视SAR的斜距模型,通过对距离向与方位向的二维泰勒级数展开设计了一种斜距平面的二维插值函数,有效地提高了成像算法的聚焦深度。与传统PFA不同,斜距平面的距离展开能够避免回波数据的投影,所以改进的算法更适用于地形起伏不平的成像场景。仿真数据和实测数据分析验证了该方法的有效性。     

基于频域插值的大角度俯冲弹载SAR成像方法

弹载合成孔径雷达(SAR)在大角度俯冲运动阶段，由于其复杂的飞行特性，回波信号存在严重的耦合性和空变性，这将导致传统的聚焦算法失效。针对这一问题，提出了一种改进的极坐标格式(PFA)频域成像算法。首先建立大角度俯冲弹载SAR的斜距模型，并对距离历程进行泰勒级数展开，然后利用级数反演法推导高精度的回波二维频谱。在二维频域，将高阶交叉耦合项进行二维分解，并在此基础上推导出新的频域二维插值映射函数，极大提升了聚焦成像的效果。相对于传统PFA,文中算法更适用于大角度俯冲弹载SAR,并通过仿真实验验证了其有效性。     

改进的斜视机载合成孔径雷达RD成像算法

距离一多普勒算法是合成孔径雷达成像处理中最常用的方法之一,通过在距离一多普勒域中插值来校正距离徙动.研究了机载合成孔径雷达在小斜视角下的成像算法,给出了机载斜视SAR的空间几何模型和回波信号特点.提出了改进的RD算法进行距离走动的校正,避免了插值运算,从而降低了计算复杂度.方法能满足小斜视角下的机载SAR成像处理,并进行了计算机仿真.理论分析和仿真结果表明:改进的RD算法是有效的,在峰值旁瓣比和积分旁瓣比几乎不变的情况下成像时间缩短了近3倍.     

合成孔径雷达回波信号线性调频特性分析

本文从合成孔径雷达(SAR)回波信号的特点出发,对SAR回波信号的线性调频特性、频谱特性进行了详细的分析.由于SAR回波信号的线性调频特性,对方位向和距离向的SAR信号进行脉冲压缩,可实现SAR回波数据的成像.本文首先构建了二维线性调频信号,分别通过两个一维傅立叶变换实现对信号的脉冲压缩,并对压缩后的波形进行质量评估,可以得到积分旁瓣比小于-10dB的信号质量.通过这种仿真过程,实现对SAR成像算法的进一步理解.     

自然场景SAR实时回波模拟器架构及实现

自然场景SAR回波模拟器是当前SAR回波模拟测试的重要发展方向,能够有效支撑当前各类机载、弹载和星载SAR设备的设计、研制和测试。从回波模拟算法、模拟器实现架构以及并行流水计算等3个方面的关键技术,对自然场景SAR实时回波模拟器计算量大的难题进行解决。最后介绍对实验室研制的SAR的回波模拟原理验证样机进行介绍,将成像指标和结果进行分析和展示,对上述的3个关键技术的有效性和可靠性进行验证。     

FMCW SAR快速运动目标检测与成像

调频连续波(frequency modulated continuous wave,FMCW)合成孔径雷达(synthetic aperture radar,SAR)特有的工作模式使得其回波信号相对脉冲SAR具有不同的形式。推导了FMCW SAR系统下运动目标的回波模型。提出了一种基于Hough变换的快速运动目标检测方法和Hough变换与分数阶傅里叶变换(fractional Fourier transform,FrFT)变换相结合的运动目标参数估计方法;利用该方法补偿FMCW系统引入的附加距离走动后,运动目标的成像效果明显提高。多点运动目标仿真数据处理验证了该方法对目标检测与成像的准确性和有效性。     

小斜视多子阵合成孔径声呐Chirp Scaling成像算法

为了解决现有多子阵合成孔径声呐成像算法在小斜视下没有考虑斜视带来的时延和多普勒频率改变,从而导致成像效果不佳的问题,提出一种小斜视多子阵合成孔径声呐Chirp Scaling成像算法.建立了斜视多子阵合成孔径声呐的精确距离史模型,并将其近似成单基斜视距离史,再引入一个修正项以修正近似误差.通过对回波信号补偿修正项对应的相位和时延,就可以将斜视多子阵信号转变为斜视单基信号,从而能够借鉴已有的斜视单基Chrip Scaling成像算法.通过对比现有算法和所提出算法处理斜视仿真数据和实测数据的结果,验证了所提出算法的有效性和正确性.     

MEO星弹双基SAR多普勒特性及分辨率分析

中地球轨道SAR具有波束范围覆盖广、重访时间短等特点，将其作为发射平台，弹载SAR作为接收平台，可以大范围面、高机动性地对重点区域高精度成像。根据空间系统模型建立MEO星弹双基SAR等效模型，对收发平台斜距模型进行描述，将其等效为多项式模型，并分析了孔径时间内的斜距误差，验证模型有效性；根据平台特性重新分析多普勒特性，得到多普勒中心频率和多普勒调频率的二维空变特性；运用梯度法计算距离分辨率、方位分辨率，并分析其随成像区域的变化情况。仿真实验表明，成像区域内的分辨率受俯冲速度的影响是不均匀的，应改变斜视角或改变双基构型，使关注的目标处在受速度影响较小的区域。     

基于ENCS的FMCW SAR俯冲聚束成像方法

针对弹载调频连续波合成孔径雷达FMCW SAR俯冲聚束成像的特点,通过构造全时间距离走动校正函数,完成了距离走动校正;采用谱分析的方法进行方位多普勒解模糊处理,消除方位向频谱混叠;在方位向处理中,提出一种改进的非线性调频变标算法,补偿方位空变相位误差,实现了方位向的精确聚焦.点目标仿真实验验证了理论分析与所提成像方法的有效性.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with