广西北部湾海水养殖业现状与病害防控技术体系研究展望

广西北部湾海域的海水养殖业进入高速发展期,但是随之而来的病害暴发、渔药滥用、养殖污染、优质种苗不足、生态环境恶化等问题日益严峻。本文分析了广西北部湾海域海水养殖现状和病害情况,就未来广西海水生态养殖与病害防控技术体系的构建和发展趋势进行了阐述。     

海水养殖自身污染的现状与对策

海水养殖业自身污染不仅制约了我国海水养殖业的发展,也对养殖区及其毗邻海域的生态环境产生了影响。近年来,养殖业自身污染对环境的影响越来越受到各国学者的关注,并成为当前养殖生态环境科学研究的热点之一。我们在综述海水养殖自身污染现状的基础上,提出控制海水养殖自身污染的相应对策。     

广东省海岸带海水养殖业污染贡献率研究

广东省海岸线较长,近海海水养殖业发达,但海水养殖业带来的面源污染还没有引起重视.文章利用排污系数及产量定量评估了广东省沿海海水养殖排污量及污染贡献率,并基于卫星遥感影像提取了养殖面积与类型,对比分析了广东省粤东与粤西地区海水养殖区与环境污染区的关系.研究结果表明：①广东省沿海海水养殖N排放量为170 kt,P排放量为30 kt,COD排放量为360 kt,海水养殖面源污染的贡献率已达到25％.②广东省粤东与粤西高密度养殖区与近海环境污染严重区相吻合,养殖区与近海污染区具有明显的相关性.粤东养殖区及污染严重区域主要分布在潮州市饶平县的柘林湾、南澳县的猎屿岛海域、汕尾市的碣石湾;粤西养殖业及污染严重区域主要分布在湛江市的东海岛西侧及硇州岛海域,茂名市水东湾,雷州市的流沙湾,阳江市的海陵岛和南鹏列岛.海水养殖所产生的面源污染已成为近海海洋污染的主要污染源之一,海水面源污染的监测与研究需引起重视.     

海水养殖对海域生态系统的影响及其生物修复

海水养殖业的迅速发展对海域生态系统产生了一系列的严重影响,本文综述了海水养殖带来的营养盐污染及沉积环境变化、药物使用污染、对天然生物的影响等问题.对于海水养殖造成的问题,有着多种治理方式,基于养殖生态系统的生物修复,是近年来新兴的安全有效的修复方法.本文介绍了微生物修复、大型海藻修复、贝-藻修复、人工湿地修复等生物修复方法及其研究进展.随着研究的不断深入,治理的方式也越来越多,但要想从根本上解决海水养殖带来的污染及影响,基于生态系统的海水养殖管理乃是实现海水养殖业可持续发展的关键.     

海水养殖污染负荷评估研究

海水养殖业的迅速发展,为人类提供了丰富的蛋白质,带来了巨大的经济效益,但由于对养殖生态系统缺乏科学深入的认识,缺乏科学有效的管理和调控,养殖区生态环境恶化现象日益突出,严重影响了水产养殖业的可持续发展。定量化预测养殖生态系统的污染物产生规律,研究其对生态环境的影响,从而实现基于生态系统水平的养殖业健康发展成为重要命题。本文从养殖生态系统类型出发,分析了不同养殖系统内的污染物产生、组成以及养殖污染负荷的评估方法从现场监测、物质平衡到生物能量学模型应用的发展和优化等进行了综述。这对于深入了解养殖生态系统物质循环、养殖生态环境健康状况,促进水产养殖业可持续发展以及养殖环境污染调控都具有重要的科学意义和价值。     

海水养殖对海域生态系统的影响及其生物修复

海水养殖业的迅速发展对海域生态系统产生了一系列的严重影响,本文综述了海水养殖带来的营养盐污染及沉积环境变化、药物使用污染、对天然生物的影响等问题.对于海水养殖造成的问题,有着多种治理方式,基于养殖生态系统的生物修复,是近年来新兴的安全有效的修复方法.本文介绍了微生物修复、大型海藻修复、贝-藻修复、人工湿地修复等生物修复方法及其研究进展.随着研究的不断深入,治理的方式也越来越多,但要想从根本上解决海水养殖带来的污染及影响,基于生态系统的海水养殖管理乃是实现海水养殖业可持续发展的关键.     

广西水产疫病防控技术体系建设与水产养殖业高质化生态发展展望

广西是我国的水产养殖大省,近年来广西水产养殖业发展迅速,养殖规模不断扩大。但是病害暴发、养殖环境恶化、抗病功能产品研发能力不足等问题日益严峻,严重威胁着广西水产养殖业的健康可持续发展。当前应着力推进广西水产重大疫病防控与高质化生态养殖技术的创新研究,构建广西水产疫病防控与高质化生态养殖技术体系,为广西水产养殖业的跨越式发展提供强有力的科技支撑。     

广西特色海水养殖品种发展现状与展望

随着我国海水养殖业发展日益加速,地方特色海产品养殖已经成为海水养殖业的重要组成部分。本文通过介绍广西几种特色海水养殖品种研究发展的实际情况及相关资料,侧面反映广西近几十年在特色海产品养殖领域取得的研究进展,指出广西特色海水养殖品种产业发展过程存在的一些问题,并对产业未来的可持续发展提出参考建议。     

广西北部湾近岸养殖区表层沉积物和养殖生物体重金属污染状况及生态风险评价

为阐明广西北部湾近岸养殖区重金属污染状况及潜在来源,根据2013-2016年广西北部湾4个主要海水养殖区的海洋环境监测调查数据,分别应用单因子指数法、综合污染指数法、潜在生态风险指数法和地积累指数法评价研究区表层沉积物的重金属污染程度,应用单因子指数法评价养殖生物体的重金属污染程度。结果表明：4个养殖区沉积物中大部分重金属含量超过国家海洋沉积物质量一类标准;4个海水养殖区表层沉积物重金属潜在生态风险从高到低为防城港红沙大蚝养殖区＞北海廉州湾海水增养殖区＞钦州茅尾海大蚝养殖区＞防城港珍珠湾珍珠养殖区;重金属污染因子中,Hg的潜在风险程度最高。从地积累指数和级别评价结果可知,广西4个养殖区表层沉积物5种重金属的污染程度为Cu＞Hg＞As＞Pb＞Cd,其中Cu主要受到人类活动(如渔船活动、养殖活动)影响。养殖生物体中重金属污染程度最严重的是钦州茅尾海大蚝养殖区,其他3个养殖区的养殖生物也不同程度地受到不同重金属的污染。因此,广西北部湾养殖区重金属污染状况不容忽视,尤其是Hg和Cu污染,未来仍需警惕。     

有益微生物群在水产养殖中的应用及发展前景

病害一直是影响水产养殖发展的重要原因,多年来,人们主要采用药物来防治病害,但药物防治带来一系列严重后果,主要是产生耐药性,造成水体二次污染.因此探索新的病害防治途径势在必行.以有益微生物群来防治水产养殖动物病害是当前研究的热点之一,它以无毒、无副作用和无污染等优点而显示出广阔的前景.从有益微生物群的应用现状、种类及应用几个方面综述有益微生物群的研究与应用.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.