褐飞虱羧酸酯酶基因cDNA片段的克隆及表达分析

利用反转录多聚酶链式反应(RT-PCR)技术克隆了褐飞虱羧酸酯酶基因编码区的cDNA片段,并进行了序列测定.结果表明,所克隆到的cDNA片段长度为396 bp,经BLAST查找比对发现,该片段所编码的氨基酸序列与来自铜绿蝇、家蝇、沟鼠、黑腹果蝇、线虫和埃及伊蚊的羧酸酯酶的片段存在高度同源性.Northern杂交分析显示,在褐飞虱取食抗性水稻后,羧酸酯酶基因表达水平明显升高.以上结果表明,羧酸酯酶基因的表达受抗性水稻的诱导,该基因在有毒化学物质解毒及增强褐飞虱对抗性水稻的耐受性方面可能起着重要作用.     

褐飞虱谷胱苷肽转移酶基因cDNA片段的克隆、测序及表达分析

谷胱苷肽转移酶是昆虫体内重要的解毒酶系之一，研究水稻害虫褐飞虱的谷胱苷肽转移酶基因在褐飞虱与水稻互作中的表达变化，可为有效防治褐飞虱提供新的理论依据。利用反转录多聚酶链式反应（RTPCR）技术克隆了褐飞虱谷胱苷肽转移酶基因编码区的eDNA片段，并使用Northern杂交技术检测了该基因对两种不同抗性水稻的分子反应。结果表明，所克隆到的eDNA片段长度为201bp，该片段所编码的氨基酸序列与来自大劣按蚊、细小按蚊、冈比亚按蚊、果蝇和木瓜果实蝇的谷胱苷肽转移酶的片段存在高度同源性。Northern杂交显示，在褐飞虱取食抗性水稻后，谷胱苷肽转移酶基因表达水平明显升高，但褐飞虱取食感虫水稻TN1后，该基因的表达水平没有明显变化。     

褐飞虱NADH泛醌氧化还原酶51kDa亚基cDNA片段的克隆及表达分析

NADH泛醌氧化还原酶是动物体内呼吸链电子传递系统的第一个酶，克隆水稻害虫褐飞虱的NADH泛醌氧化还原酶基因，及研究其在褐飞虱与水稻互作中的表达变化，将为科学防治褐飞虱提供新的线索。利用反转录多聚酶链式反应（RT-PCR）技术克隆了褐飞虱NADH泛醌氧化还原酶51kDa亚基基因的cDNA片段，并进行了序列测定；使用NoRhem杂交技术检测了该基因对两种不同抗性水稻的分子反应。分子杂交结果表明，在取食抗性水稻品种B5后，褐飞虱的NADH泛醌氧化还原酶51kDa亚基基因表达水平明显升高，而取食感虫水稻TN1后，该基因的表达水平没有明显变化。     

褐飞虱在不同水稻品系上繁殖能力及相关解毒酶系基因表达变化分析

采用水稻敏感品系TN1和抗性品系中浙优、IR56饲养褐飞虱,研究褐飞虱产卵量等繁殖情况,测定解毒酶系中酯酶、细胞色素P450和谷胱甘肽转移酶(GST)及卵黄原蛋白(Vg)等基因在mRNA上的表达变化.结果显示褐飞虱在抗性水稻上产卵量减少,Vg2的表达量极显著下降,表明水稻抗性对褐飞虱的产卵量有抑制作用且Vg2调控产卵.酯酶和P450中的部分基因均在取食抗性水稻的褐飞虱体内表达量较高,存在极显著差异.     

生物鉴定和喂养试验证明GNA赋予转基因水稻纯系对褐飞虱的抗性

参照Rao等（1998）的褐飞虱生物鉴定和喂养方法,用水稻褐飞虱生物Ⅰ型的－龄若虫食喂,用基因枪法获得2个转基因水稻纯系。这2个纯系均含有并表达潮霉素抗性基因（hpt),gusA报告基因和雪花莲凝集素基因（gna)。褐飞虱生物鉴定和喂养试验表明,水稻纯系对褐飞虱具有显著的抑制作用。具体表现为降低褐飞虱成活率和繁殖力、延缓褐虱发育以及减少褐飞虱进食是。通过褐飞虱生物鉴定和喂养试验证明,表达GNA的转基因水稻纯系对严重危害水稻生产的褐飞虱具有抗性作用。     

水稻抗性品种对褐飞虱和白背飞虱 羧酸酯酶活力影响的比较研究

比较了ASD7、IR36、JX89、Mudgo四个抗褐飞虱水稻品种及感性品种TN1对褐飞虱和白背飞虱羧酸酯酶活力的影响.两种稻飞虱在各供试的抗性水稻品种上的羧酸酯酶活力均低于在感性品种TN1上的羧酸酯酶活力.在抗性水稻品种上,白背飞虱的羧酸酯酶活力只在Mudgo上低于褐飞虱,而在其余3个抗性品种上均较褐飞虱高.结果表明,抗褐飞虱水稻品种对褐飞虱和白背飞虱的羧酸酸酶活力均有不同程度的抑制作用,但对褐飞虱的抑制作用显然要大于对白背飞虱的抑制作用.供试水稻品种的这种低抑制作用,可能会导致白背飞虱持续取食抗褐飞虱的水稻品种,从而致使其在这类品种种区植内种群数量上升.     

重庆市秀山县田间褐飞虱生物型研究

褐飞虱生物型的研究对于抗虫品种的布局、选育和褐飞虱的综合治理具有重要的指导意义.该研究用标准苗期鉴定法对重庆市秀山县田间褐飞虱种群进行生物型测定,种植具有不同抗性基因的5个水稻鉴别品种TN1,Mudgo,ASD7,Rathu-heerati和Babawee,在苗期接入采自秀山县清溪镇和平凯镇杂交稻田的褐飞虱2～3龄若虫,按国际水稻研究所的鉴别标准测定褐飞虱的生物型.结果表明除了敏感品种TN1稻株100%死亡外,具有Bph1抗性基因的Mudgo品种及具有bph2抗性基因的ASD7品种稻株也全部死亡,而分别具有抗性基因Bph3和bph4的Rathu-heerati和Babawee品种稻株未出现死亡现象,由此初步推断重庆市秀山县褐飞虱属于生物型1、生物型2和生物型3的混合种群.     

诸葛菜EPSPS基因5′端的克隆和序列分析

烯醇式丙酮基莽草酸 3 磷酸合成酶(5 enolpyruvylshikimate 3 phosphatesynthase,EP SPS)是植物和微生物莽草酸途径中的一个必需合成酶,植物中该基因的超量表达或该基因中某些氨基酸突变可以产生对除草剂草甘膦(glyphosate)的耐性.采用5′ RACE技术从诸葛菜(Orychophragmusviolaceus)叶中克隆出一条长743bp的cDNA片段.序列分析结果表明:该cDNA与其它植物的EPSPS基因具有相当高的核苷酸序列同源性.其所编码的氨基酸序列与欧洲油菜(Brassicanapus)同源性最高为90%,与拟南芥(Arabidopsisthaliana)、玉米(Zeamays)、西红柿(Lycopersiconesculentum)、烟草(Nicotianatabacum)和水稻(Oryzasativa)的同源性分别为88%,81%,64%,62%和71%.     

褐飞虱乙酰胆碱酯酶启动子的克隆及表观遗传分析

褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens是水稻的重要害虫之一.本研究旨在扩增褐飞虱乙酰胆碱酯酶(acetylcholinesterase,AChE)基因的启动子,并从表观遗传学的角度探讨DNA甲基化与褐飞虱生物型进化间的关系.采用染色体步移(genome walking)方法扩增AChE启动子,根据所得启动子序列设计甲基化特异性PCR(MS-PCR)引物和重亚硫酸盐测序法BSP引物,分析褐飞虱生物型Ⅰ和生物型Ⅱ中AChE启动子的甲基化程度,然后利用荧光定量PCR技术检测AChE的表达水平差异.结果表明,扩增得到褐飞虱AChE上游侧翼DNA序列长度为1 919 bp,启动子元件分析显示,AChE启动子区域中有若干与MYB、WRKY、ARE等抗性相关转录因子的结合位点(元件),表明该启动子可能与逆境胁迫相关.基于甲基化水平的限制酶酶切位点分析发现,AChE启动子区域含有多个~(5m)CG甲基化位点,表明该区域DNA甲基化主要发生在胞嘧啶的C-5位.MS-PCR分析表明,生物型Ⅰ褐飞虱AChE启动子区域的甲基化程度高于生物型Ⅱ; BSP结果显示生物型Ⅰ启动子区域总体平均甲基化频率(24. 09%)高于生物型Ⅱ(7. 27%);实时定量PCR结果显示,AChE在生物型Ⅱ中的表达量高于生物型Ⅰ.本研究克隆得到AChE启动子序列,并证实褐飞虱生物型间AChE的表达存在差异,且启动子区域高甲基化水平可能是导致AChE低表达的原因之一.     

水稻胁迫应答基因OsABI8的克隆与表达分析

利用拟南芥abscisic acid-insensitive8(ABI8)基因的序列在NCBI核酸数据库中检索到水稻ABI8的序列信息,并设计特异性引物,以水稻cDNA为模板,利用RT-PCR技术,扩增出水稻ABI8 cDNA序列.将所得序列片段克隆到T载体上并进行序列测定,结果显示,该基因全长1 666 bp,开放阅读框927 bp,编码一个308个氨基酸的蛋白.该蛋白序列与普通小麦、一粒小麦、玉米、高粱、拟南芥菜等植物的ABI8基因序列高度同源,分别达到86.1%、86.4%、89.6%、90.3%及72.5%的一致性.利用荧光定量PCR法检测了QsABI8基因在ABA激素、干旱和盐胁迫下的表达谱,发现胁迫下植物积累更多的QsABI8 mRNA.     

Blast fungus-induction and developmental and tissue-specific expression of a rice P450<Emphasis Type="Italic">CYP72A</Emphasis> gene cluster

Cytochrome P450 gene superfamily is widely involved in diverse processes of plant development and environmental responses including defense response to pathogens.We previously isolated a rice cDNA fragment in a DD-PCR screening for blast fungus-induced genes. In the current study, we isolated a CYP72A gene cluster consisting of 7 P450 CYP72A genes (CYP72A17-23) with the conserved cDNA sequence through the public rice genome data. There are total 14 putative CYP72A members in the rice genome, with high diversity at N-terminal sequences while high homology at C-terminal sequences of those 14 putative proteins. We analyzed expression profiles of the cloned 7 CYP72A genes during pathogen infection and development. The results showed that expression of CYP72A18, 19, 22 and 23 was differentially regulated in the incompatible and compatible interactions between rice and blast fungus. Except CYP72A20, a pseudogene, other 6 CYP72A genes also exhibited temporal and spatial expression patterns, respectively.These findings provide fundamental data for rice P450 gene function analysis.     

Cloning and characterization of rice RH3 gene induced by brown planthopper

Histones are basic low molecular weight proteins found in all eukaryotic genomes. The histones include five classes of basic proteins (H1, H2A, H2B, H3 and H4) that interact with each other and nuclear DNA to form the nucleosome. The H3 and H4 histone proteins are highly conserved and form the central tetrameric block of the core-nucleosome. Histone H3 has several post-transcrip- tional modifications such as methylation, acetylation, phosphonation, and ADP-ribosylation and it plays impor…     

In situ localization of proteinase inhibitor mRNA in rice plant challenged by brown planthopper

Proteinase inhibitor (PI) mRNA was localized by in situ hybridization in tissue sections of root, stem and leaf of the resistant rice (B5) plant fed by brown planthopper nymphs. In the rice material without BPH feeding, PI gene was expressed in the root, stem and leaf, while the abundance of PI mRNA was low. In the rice material fed by BPH,PI gene was expressed substantially in the parenchyma of rice stem and leaf, but weakly in the root. The results indicated that the PI gene was up-regulated in the rice plant challenged by brown planthopper. For the first time, we reported the expression changes of proteinase inhibitor gene in plant which was infested by a piercing/sucking insect.     

一个新的水稻GST类似蛋白基因XIG的克隆与分析

根据编码一种玉米GST类似蛋白的mRNA In2-1序列设计引物，以水稻cDNA文库为模板，PCR扩增得到一条270bp的DNA片段，以此片段为探针分别筛选水稻根cDNA文库及水稻基因文库，获得一条全长cDNA及其相应的全长基因，并通过测序得到了两者的全序列，该基因编码的蛋白具有GST的典型特征，在水稻中尚未见报道。     

Mapping of a new gene for brown planthopper resistance in cultivated rice introgressed fromOryza eichingeri

Wild rice species is an important source of useful genes for cultivated rice improvement. Some accessions of Oryza eichingeri (2n = 24, CC) from Africa confer strong resistance to brown planthopper (BPH), whitebacked planthopper (WBPH) and bacterial blight (BB). In the present study, restriction fragments length polymorphism (RFLP) and simple sequence repeats (SSR) analysis were performed on disomic backcross plants between Oryza sativa (2n = 24, AA) and O. eichingeri in order to identify the presence of O. eichingeri segments and further to localize BPH-resistant gene. In the introgression lines, 1—6 O. eichingeri segments were detected on rice chromosomes 1, 2, 6, or/and 10. The dominant BPH resistant gene, tentatively named Bph13(t), was mapped to chromosome 2, being 6.1 and 5.5 cM away from two microsatellite markers RM240 and RM250, respectively. The transfer and localization of this gene from O. eichingeri will contribute to the improvement of BPH resistance in cultivated rice.     

Isolation ofosRACD gene encoding a small GTP-binding protein from rice

Using an improved version of mRNA differential display technology, we have obtained a differentially displayed fragment RDP-8. Homologous comparison indicated that the fragment RDP-8 has high homology with the gene encoding maize small GTP-binding protein. By screening cDNA library of the rice Nongken 58N pan icle using the newly obtained fragment RDP-8 as probe, we further found the full-length cDNA of osRACD gene that encodes a rice small GTP-binding protein. Asco mpared with maize RACD gene, the osRACD of rice shows remarkable homology in both nucleotide sequence and amino acid sequence, 88% and 97% respectively. Evidence from RT-PCR study indicates that osRACD gene is related to photoperiod fertility conversion of photoperiod sensitive genic male sterility (PSGMS) rice.