舰用火炮对抗攻击过程的仿真及其仿真训练(器)系统

海上实兵环境下的舰炮①对抗攻击训练,因发射实弹易造成误伤,一直被认为是难以实现的训练科目.本文所介绍的舰炮对抗攻击仿真及其仿真训练(器)系统,有效地将多种技术综合应用创造接近实战的训练环境,采用模拟交战的方法,较好的解决了这方面的问题.本文就该系统的组成结构、仿真过程与技术特点等问题加以介绍,并对该仿真训练系统的进一步发展加以探讨.     

潜艇综合训练仿真系统HLA联邦设计与开发研究

为了构造潜艇综合训练仿真系统更为合理的体系结构,增强联邦各仿真部位和控制部位的可重用性和互操作性,在技术手段上保证潜艇综合训练仿真系统的开发水平和训练质量,结合潜艇部队装备发展和作战训练实际,针对仿真驱动的潜艇实装作战训练仿真系统,基于高层体系结构(HLA)机制,结合HLA接口规范所提供的六类服务,重点研究潜艇综合训练仿真系统联邦的设计与开发过程等内容。     

舰炮曲射弹道的火控解算模型及其仿真研究

舰炮只采用低伸弹道存在缺陷，而同时采用曲射弹道可弥补其不足。从舰炮武器系统的作战需求论述了采用曲射弹道的必要性，同时建立了解弹道方程求解舰炮射击诸元的数学模型、求解弹丸飞行时间和快速迭代解命中模型、利用最小二乘方法进行弹道气象条件误差源辩识分离模型等的综合火控解算模型。通过仿真验证了模型的可行性。     

体系作战下巡航导弹的动态隐身

通过体系作战下的系统作战仿真平台, 利用强化学习方法实时调整巡航导弹航迹, 实现面对敌方传感器的动态隐身。以巡航导弹突防美军“海军综合防空火控”系统为典型作战场景, 基于体系作战仿真平台设计了一种引入动态预警威胁和拦截脱靶量的奖励函数, 使用深度确定性策略梯度算法训练巡航导弹突防模型, 模型训练完成后巡航导弹通过感知预警机和拦截导弹的状态, 改变其机动轨迹以降低探测概率和提高拦截脱靶量, 达到动态隐身的效果, 进而提升其战场生存能力和突防能力。     

新型舰炮综合火控系统仿真技术

文章在分析了舰炮火控系统的发展需求和现状的基础上，简述了发展新型舰炮综合火控系统的必然性及特点。在此基础上，主要介绍了用于该系统原样研制的半实物仿真系统的用途、组成和功能，重点介绍了该仿真系统的数学模型。最后展望了在该系统全过程应用仿真技术的发展思路。     

雷达综合训练仿真系统的设计与实现

为充分发挥雷达在未来海战中的作战效能,节约舰艇部队训练经费,采用计算机仿真技术开发了雷达综合训练仿真系统。提出了雷达综合训练仿真系统的功能、构建原则、结构以及技术实现。仿真结果表明,系统具有良好的逼真模拟效果和实时显示能力,对其它情报探测装备和武器系统的仿真具有一定的参考价值。     

基于多Agent理论的舰炮武器系统研究与仿真

舰炮武器系统(ShipborneArtilleryWeaponSystem,SAWS)是一种大规模的、复杂的系统,原有的系统结构已不能满足现代化战争的要求,需要一种新的理论来为它注入新的活力。根据其特点建立了基于多Agent系统的结构模型,并提出了一套适合于SAWS的协作机制,最后通过三维动画仿真对其可行性进行了验证。仿真结果显示了这种方法是可行的。基于多Agent的舰炮武器系统提高了系统的自组织、自适应能力,一改原来的封闭结构,使武器设备有效互连,协同作战,大大提高了舰炮武器系统的作战的灵活性。     

舰炮发射与飞行动力学仿真研究

以发射动力学，多体系统传递矩阵法及弹道学理论为基础，建立了舰炮刚弹耦合的发射动力学模型；应用蒙特卡洛方法，编制了舰炮随机发射与飞行动力学仿真程序。进行了舰炮模态试验，试验结果验证了仿真结果的正确性。分析了影响舰炮射击密集度的因素，并提出了改善舰炮射击密集度的措施，对舰炮设计具有指导意义．     

武器系统一体化综合仿真环境及仿真系统

介绍了一种新型的、通用型的武器系统一体化综合仿真环境（WISE）的特点、组成和全数字仿真产品，重点描述了利用WISE仿真软件工具开发的舰炮综合控全数字仿真系统的原理、功能、组成、配置和仿真建模过程，最后分析了WISE先进仿真软件工具的应用前景。     

基于系统动力学方法的毁伤效率评估

运用系统动力学方法对现代作战中的毁伤问题进行研究，通过指挥、士气和训练水平三个指标建立相关数学模型并进行评估与仿真，得到了必须重视武器装备现代化建设，提升部队综合作战能力的结论，这对做好当前军事斗争准备有着重要的现实意义。     

The Future of Systems Thinking

Due to the diminishing popularity of systems thinking, an attempt is done to predict its future in the university world. Two starting points are used: one in the traditional scientific community, being its habitat; and the other in the surrounding society, being its area of application. The investigation shows that systems thinking is highly needed, although its nearest future seems bleak. The systemic challenge to the traditional academic world has unfortunately been taken as a threat against its existence. The scientific and educational impact of systems thinking is therefore opposed as an alternative to the old scientific paradigm. Furthermore, the resistance to new theories moving across disciplinary boundaries seems stronger than resistance to theories within the disciplines.     

基于非线性观测器实现一类分数阶混沌系统的同步

分数阶混沌系统的同步控制是近年来研究的热点,本文研究了一类分数阶混沌系统的同步控制问题.对满足存在一个特定的状态变量作为系统输出条件的单输出分数阶混沌系统,依据分数阶混沌系统的非线性观测器理论和稳定性理论,讨论了其非线性观测器的设计问题.对该类分数阶混沌系统,给出了一个合适的控制器S,在此控制输入下仅利用系统的一个状态变量xi及其对时间的分数阶导数x(α)i、x(2α)i就可以使观测器的状态变量与被观测分数阶系统的状态变量达到同步.理论分析及仿真结果都证明了该同步方案的有效性.     

一种基于多主体仿真的制度有效性分析方法研究

分析了仿真技术在制度有效性分析方面的研究现状。介绍了复杂适应系统理论由来及特性。指出了复杂适应系统及其仿真模型在制度有效性分析方面的优势。提出了基于复杂适应系统模型的制度有效性仿真分析方法。最后展示了一个实际应用。     

系统生物学:系统科学与生物体系统

对近年涌现出来的生物体系统研究新思路———系统生物学进行了概述,简要叙述了系统生物学出现的背景、研究内容和研究方法,以及与生物体系统其他研究方法之间的联系与区别,并提出了对系统生物学进一步研究的意见.     

Occupational Health and Safety Systems,Corporate Governance and Viable Systems Diagnosis: An Action Research Approach

This paper establishes a theoretical basis for the implementation of governance systems in Occupational Health and Safety (OHS). This arose when a complex government organization reviewed the usage of its OHS computer system. This review precipitated several cycles of Action Research (AR). The AR allowed the recognition that the organization needed to define its OHS strategy, clarify its commitment to OHS, and examine its OHS systems in order to provide an effective OHS management and corporate governance system. As part of the review, a Viable Systems Diagnosis was done on the OHS function. It was recognized that Stafford Beer provided valuable insights into the information needs and communication flows of OHS information throughout this complex organization. Action research appears to be a particularly useful method for examining and implementing OHS management systems.     

Discordant pluralism: A new strategy for critical systems thinking

Systems science is characterised by a huge diversity of theories and practical applications which have arisen since its inception. Each of these theories and ways of practising systems science has legitimate claims for its ability to handle certain kinds of systems problems. Dealing with this diversity can be seen as a critical issue for systems thinking and practice. One approach to handling this rich diversity has been to attempt to capture it in frameworks which align features and positions in a “complementarist” fashion. By reviewing work undertaken by systems thinkers who have advocated such a stance, it will be demonstrated that complementarism has its faults, and can be perceived as an imperialist strategy. A route out of the impasse will be suggested through the use of a form of discordant pluralism, which, if taken up, has the potential for bringing together conflicting perspectives in a new constellation.     

软系统方法论与软科学哲学

软系统方法论是一个非常重要的学科,它与科学哲学相互影响、相互作用和相互促进。本文着重分析软系统方法论的哲学基础,以及从硬系统方法论到软系统方法论的哲学基础的变迁,认为硬 / 软系统方法论之间的关系及其在科学哲学中的表现是互斥互补的关系。软科学哲学一词是库恩在《结构后的路》(2000)一书中提出来的。在我国研究和发展软系统方法论和软科学哲学是十分必要的。     

复杂系统的平行控制理论及应用

首先给出了复杂系统的定义,并对复杂系统的研究现状和存在的问题进行了探讨,认识到没有可用来描述复杂系统的足够精确的模型,基于还原论的现有控制理论和方法难以发挥有效作用。在此基础上,提出了应对这类复杂系统问题的平行控制方法,阐述了其ACP思想、基本原理和优势等。同时对控制理论的发展历史做了简要描述,证明平行控制理论的产生是必然的。并阐述了平行控制理论的核心技术。最后介绍了平行控制系统平台及其在乙烯生产和城市交通中的应用,描述了平行控制理论研究和应用实践的前景与展望。     

仿真系统建模的相似性与复杂性

基于系统相似性，研究了仿真系统建模的相似性和复杂性的形成原理，系统建模中的相似性与复杂性，模型与原型系统的相似性与复杂性的分析方法。提出运用系统相似性及其变化产生复杂性，为多样性仿真系统建模及可行性分析，提供新的理论与方法。     

Information systems with partially unknown purposes

In “traditional” information systems design theory it is usually assumed that the information system to be designed has, at least in principle, a well-defined purpose, that is, a purpose from which it is possible to derive, among other things, the information needs to be satisfied by the information system. However, there is a category of information systems of growing practical significance, where the purposes are partially unknown. Some examples of types of information systems which typically belong to this category are decision support systems, executive information systems, statistical information systems, scientific information systems, and metainformation systems. When an information system belonging to this category is going to be designed, it is usually impossible to specify its usage with great precision. The business decisions, research problems, or whatever kind of activity it is that the information system is going to support may not yet even have been thought of; they may lie a long time ahead, and by then many things may have changed within the area of interest and its environment, as well as in the focus of interest of the information system users. This paper discusses some of the methodological challenges posed by information systems with partially unknown purposes.