热压碳化硼表面自润滑膜的生成

研究了热压碳化硼表面自润滑膜的生成.在实验条件下,未经热处理的碳化硼摩擦副的摩擦因数由起始阶段的0.35～0.40,随滑行距离的增加而减小至0.25左右.对摩擦前后接触面进行X射线衍射分析,结果表明接触界面发生了摩擦化学反应,生成了B     

非线性振动下卸载系统动力学及运动学特性分析

针对散体物料与振动卸载面间的摩擦、碰撞等相互作用导致的散体复杂运动行为或磨损等问题,基于库仑摩擦力模型及碰撞理论,建立具有非线性振动的卸载系统动力学模型.采用增量谐波平衡法和数值积分法,分别研究激励幅值和刚度比对系统动态特性、振动传递和散体物料流动规律的影响.结果表明,随着激励幅值和刚度比的增大,卸载系统的硬式非线性增强、多解区域变宽、力传递率减小并出现明显的延迟现象;由于轮胎及悬架非线性因素的影响,在相同工况下散体物料呈现出不同的流动状态,并且在跳跃、冲击后出现相对静止和相对前滑等现象.     

滑移隔震结构非平稳随机响应的动力特性分析

基于指数摩擦力模型，利用预估校正的数值积分方法计算滑移隔震结构的动力响应，分析了地面谐振运动下结构的加速度传递率及基底滑移率随频率比的变化规律，并发现滑移隔振结构的振动有振幅跳跃，基底爬行等非线性动力特征。将地震地面运动模拟成非平衡随机过程，基于离散小波变换得到地面运动离散小波系数的统计值，并以此作为输入，使用等价线性方法获得了滑移隔震结构在非平衡地震作用下的均方滑动位移和速度反应。最后，给出了这种结构的最大滑动位移响应随滑移面摩擦系数的变化曲线，可供设计时参考。     

大压力角零件自动测量的随动减摩设计原理

本文通过对极座标自动测量仪的受力分析,根据摩擦力特性提出了运动减摩和以滚动摩擦代滑动摩擦的量仪设计原理,有效改善了量仪受力状态,从而使廉价、简便地自动测量大压力角平面曲线零件成为可能。     

Boundary lubrication under water

Boundary lubrication, in which the rubbing surfaces are coated with molecular monolayers, has been studied extensively for over half a century. Such monolayers generally consist of amphiphilic surfactants anchored by their polar headgroups; sliding occurs at the interface between the layers, greatly reducing friction and especially wear of the underlying substrates. This process, widespread in engineering applications, is also predicted to occur in biological lubrication via phospholipid films, though few systematic studies on friction between surfactant layers in aqueous environments have been carried out. Here we show that the frictional stress between two sliding surfaces bearing surfactant monolayers may decrease, when immersed in water, to as little as one per cent or less of its value in air (or oil). We attribute this to the shift of the slip plane from between the surfactant layers, to the surfactant/substrate interface. The low friction would then be due to the fluid hydration layers surrounding the polar head groups attached to the substrate. These results may have implications for future technological and biomedical applications.     

自适应微摩擦综合测试仪的研制与纳米润滑实验研究

描述了作者研制的自适应微摩擦综合测试仪的基本原理。采用多用途自适应浮动结构、精密刀口杠杆加载结构和摩擦力精密测量系统,可精确地加载和测量ｍＮ量级的摩擦力。研究纳米膜在各种润滑方式下的摩擦学性能,同时采用相对光强光干涉法,检测纳米级的润滑膜厚以及润滑状态的变化。以１０＃标准粘度液作润滑剂,分别用面接触浮动润滑副和点接触浮动润滑副作实验,研究了其摩擦因数和润滑膜厚度随载荷、速度和运动方式（点接触纯滑动和纯滚动）的变化规律,并验证了仪器的实验性能。     

宋儒的族学思想探析

考虑路面附着条件对车辆横摆响应的影响,设计了路面附着系数修正的主动转向控制策略.为了迅速准确 地获取当前路面附着信息,采用了无迹卡尔曼滤波观测器观测路面附着系数,并用Carsim-Simulink联合仿真验证了此方法的有效性.在传统主动转向控制的基础上将路面附着系数作为输入,设计了滑模控制器.通过Simulink仿真,验证了所设计的滑模控制器在低附着路面、对接路面均能提高车辆的操纵稳定性和理想轨迹跟踪能力.     

湿式铜基摩擦副局部接触对摩擦因数的影响

考虑金属的热衰退特性及温度、压力和摩滑速度对混合润滑油膜的影响,建立了湿式铜基摩擦副局部接触摩擦因数计算模型,研究了摩滑过程中湿式铜基摩擦副局部接触状态下摩擦因数的变化规律,并通过销-盘摩擦因数测量实验对摩擦因数计算模型进行了验证.研究结果表明:摩擦元件屈曲变形导致摩擦元件间摩擦状态发生变化,在局部接触条件下,接触区摩擦状态随温度升高可分为油膜主导阶段、微凸峰主导阶段、摩擦因数上升阶段和热衰退阶段4个阶段.其中,油膜主导阶段会随摩滑速度的减小而消失.干摩擦状态下,摩滑速度对摩擦因数影响较小.在混合润滑状态下,摩擦因数随摩滑速度增加而下降,且温度越小摩擦因数衰减越显著.局部接触区平均面压较小时,压力对摩擦因数影响较小,当压力超过100 MPa时,接触面压力开始对混合润滑中的油膜主导阶段产生影响,此时摩擦因数随压力升高而增大.      

Molecular dynamics simulations of atomic-scale friction in diamond-silver sliding system

Molecular dynamics simulations have been performed to explore the atomic-scale sliding friction, especially the stick-slip friction, in a system consisting of a diamond slider and a silver substrate. The mechanisms of the stick-slip behavior are investigated by considering sliding speeds between 10 m/s and 200 m/s.The analyses of the shear distance between the upmost layer and the downmost layer and displacements of a column of atoms in the slider show that shearing deformation of the slider is the main cause of the stick-slip phenomenon. Our simulations also present that a commensurate fit between the two contact surfaces is unimportant for the stick-slip friction.     

直线振动输送机物料运动状态分析

振动输送机输送物料在运动过程中受到不连续的摩擦力及碰撞力的作用,属于强非线性动力学问题.研究物料在不同振动条件下的运动状态对振动输送机的设计至关重要.以直线振动输送机上运动的物料为研究对象,基于Coulomb摩擦定律及碰撞原理,建立了物料滑动-跳跃运动模型.并利用所建模型,分析了不同振动条件下物料运动状态的变化.研究结果表明,在物料跳跃运动过程中,存在着正向滑动甚至反向滑动,滑动作用对物料的运动有一定影响.     

Sliding distance between actin and myosin filaments per ATP molecule hydrolysed in skinned muscle fibres

Muscle contraction is generally thought to be driven by tilting of the 19-nm-long myosin head, part of the thick filament, while attached to actin, part of the thin filament. This motion would produce about 12 nm of filament sliding. Recent estimates of the sliding distance per ATP molecule hydrolysed by actomyosin in vitro vary widely from 8 nm to greater than or equal to 200 nm. The latter value is incompatible with a power stroke incorporating a single tilting motion of the head. We have measured the isotonic sliding distance per ATP molecule hydrolysed during the interaction between myosin and actin in skinned muscle fibres. We directly estimated the proportion of simultaneously attached actomyosin complexes and their ATP use. We report here that at low loads the interaction distance is at least 40 nm. This distance corresponds to the length of the power stroke plus the filament sliding while actomyosin crossbridges bear negative drag forces. If the power stroke is 12 nm, then our results indicate the drag distance to be at least 28 nm. Our results could also be explained by multiple power strokes per ATP molecule hydrolysed.     

滑移隔震结构的瞬态最优半主动控制

提出了一种摩擦力可控的滑移隔震结构半主动控制方案．考虑上部结构的刚度和阻尼，采用一阶微分方程模拟时滞的影响，与结构的振动微分方程一起作为整个系统的状态方程，使用瞬态最优控制算法计算基底摩擦力的大小，通过计算实例对这种摩擦力可控的滑移隔震半主动控制方案进行了分析．结果表明，对于消极的滑移隔震结构，当基底摩擦力较小时，其上部结构的最大加速度响应值虽然小，但基底最大滑移量很大；当基底摩擦力较大时，滑移量和残余位移虽然可以减小，但上部加速度反应却很大．通过半主动控制后，不但具有较好的隔震效果，而且能有效地减小基底的最大滑移量及残余位移．     

牙轮钻头滑动轴承仿生鲨鱼皮织构化表面润滑性能

牙轮钻头在超深井和大水平井的使用受到广泛关注,由于地层环境复杂化,为了使牙轮钻头有更高的稳定工作性。通过对合金材料表面织构化处理减摩效果的研究,结合鲨鱼皮减阻润滑的优势,针对牙轮钻头薄弱环节滑动轴承摩擦结合面进行了仿生鲨鱼皮织构化处理,基于所选取仿生织构的形貌参数构建滑动轴承流动润滑理论模型,采用有限差分法求解,获取润滑油的油压分布、承载能力及滑动轴承摩擦力,并探究阶跃冲击载荷下滑动轴承动压油膜的响应情况。结果表明：牙轮钻头滑动轴承流体润滑状态下,深径比大于0.3且面积率大于0.25的仿生表面织构对油膜承载力有增强效果;仿生表面织构在较低油膜压力下对油膜摩擦力影响突出,油膜摩擦力提高了14.12%;偏心率越大仿生表面织构对油膜承载力的提升效果越好,在偏心率为0.8时承载力提高效果达到200.45%;同时仿生织构的对滑动轴承流体润滑的轴向稳定性有提升效果。牙轮钻头滑动轴承仿生织构化处理有效地改善了滑动轴承润滑性能。可见,合适的织构尺寸能进一步提高滑动轴承处于流体润滑的适用工况范围,提高牙轮钻头的使用寿命。     

滚动球铰链的研究

为了消除现有球铰链过大的滑动摩擦力对设备的有害影响 ,设计了一种滚动球铰链结构 .利用多个小万向轮组合在一起 ,代替滑动球铰的球窝以提供对球头的支撑和约束 ,使球铰链的球头在转动过程中没有滑动 .另外 ,还对滚动球铰链的误差进行了分析     

轴颈三维运动状态下的滑动轴承润滑分析

提出了轴颈圆周、径向和轴向三维运动状态下滑动轴承润滑分析的Reynolds方程,研究分析了轴颈轴向运动对滑动轴承的摩擦学性能的影响.计算结果表明,轴向运动的存在,对轴承油膜压力分布、轴承承载量、摩擦系数、维持力矩和端泄流量等摩擦学性能都有着较显著的影响.     

Micro-friction of diazoresin/polyacrylic acid self-assembly films in water with atomic force microscopy

Ultrathin films composed of diazoresin（DR）and polyacrylic acid（PAA）were fabricated.The surface morphology of the films in water was measured using an atomic force microscopy（AFM）.The self-assembly technique makes the surface rather flat and uniform.The friction force and its dependence on the velocity differ from the surface charge of the thin films.The friction force of repulsive DR/PAA film increases linearly with velocity and has lower values than that of attractive DR film over the full range of velocity.As the velocity increases,the attractive friction of DR film first decreases to a minimum at a velocity of 2 line/s and then increases all the way.When the surface is repulsive to the friction substrate,the friction of thin films that is determined by hydrated lubrication of polymer chains that is ultralubricated;when it is adhesive to the friction substrate,the friction is mainly contributed from the elastic deformation of adsorbed polymer chains in the low velocity region and from viscous sliding in the presence of hydrated-layer lubrication of the polymer chains in the higher velocity region.     

滑动摩擦和啮合相位对齿轮中心双流传动动力学的影响

为了研究滑动摩擦和相位调谐对齿轮中心双流传动动力学的影响,建立了考虑时变啮合刚度、阻尼、滑动摩擦、相位及支承刚度和阻尼的齿轮中心双流传动系统扭转－横向振动耦合模型。通过对渐开线直齿轮副啮合过程的分析,推导了系统中与摩擦有关的计算公式,并采用数值仿真法研究了滑动摩擦、相位调谐对齿轮动态传动误差和支承动载荷的影响,研究结果表明滑动摩擦对齿轮支承动载荷影响很大,采用相位调谐可有效地降低系统动态传动误差及中心轮的支承动载荷。     

铝金属薄膜上制备OTS自组装分子膜的摩擦学特性

为研究铝金属薄膜上三氯十八硅烷(OTS)自组装分子膜的摩擦学特性,采用自组装的方法在铝金属薄膜上制备OTS自组装分子膜,分析了纳米尺度和毫牛尺度下载荷、滑动速度以及紫外照射对薄膜摩擦学特性的影响.结果表明:制备的OTS自组装分子膜具有疏水特性和良好的润滑性能.紫外照射5 min后,自组装分子膜摩擦力降低;紫外照射15 min时,自组装分子膜的网状结构受到破坏,减弱了润滑效果.在纳米尺度和毫牛尺度下,摩擦力随载荷和滑动速度的增大而增大;铝金属薄膜摩擦系数降低时,自组装分子膜磨损显著降低,摩擦副的耐久性略有提高.     

射频PECVD方法生长含氢非晶碳膜的结构及摩擦学性能

利用射频等离子体增强化学气相沉积技术在不锈钢表面制备了含氢非晶碳膜.采用Raman光谱、红外光谱、X射线光电子能谱和原子力显微镜等研究了薄膜的微观结构和表面形貌,在栓盘摩擦磨损试验机上考察了薄膜在不同载荷与滑动速度下的摩擦学性能.结果表明:所制备的含氢非晶碳膜具有典型的类金刚石结构特征,薄膜均匀、致密,表面粗糙度小;薄膜与不锈钢球对磨时显示出良好的抗磨减摩性能;薄膜的抗磨减摩性能同对磨件表面上形成的转移膜以及摩擦过程中薄膜结构的石墨化相关.     

Friction characteristics of floppy disks

This note presents the principle and structure of a tribological measure for floppy disks. The precision of the force measuring system is 1 mN in loading and 3×10⁻⁶ N in friction. The resolution of the film thickness between head and floppy disk is 0.5 nm in the vertical and 1.5 nm in the horizontal direction. In order to investigate the tribological characteristics of floppy disks, six types of floppy disks have been tested and the floating properties of these disks are also studied with film measuring system. The experimental results of the surface morphology and friction coefficient of these floppy disks using the atomic force microscope/friction force mcroscope (AFM/FFM) are in accordance with the conclusion made by our own measuring system. The experimental results show that the air film thickness between head and disk is of the same order as the surface roughness of floppy disks.