Restricted allowable generalized quantum gates

An allowable generalized quantum gate (introduced by Long, Liu and Wang) has the form of U = Σ _k=0 ^d−1 c _k U _k , where U _k’s are unitary operators on a Hilbert space H and |Σ _k=0 ^d−1 c _k |⩽1 and |c _k |⩽1 (0⩽k⩽d−1). In this work we consider a kind of AGQGs, called restricted allowable generalized quantum gates (RAGQGs), satisfying 0 < Σ _k=0 ^d−1|c _k |⩽1. Some properties of the set RAGQG(H) of all RAGQGs on H are established. Especially, we prove that the extreme points of RAGQG(H) are exactly unitary operators on H and that B(H)=R ⁺ RAGQG(H).     

The Total Irredundance Numbers on Graphs

This paper discusses the total irredundance relations between the graph G and its clone-contraction graph H, that is, let H be the clone-contraction graph of G and v1,v2,...,vk be all contraction vertices ofH. IfS is a maximal total irredundant set of H such that A = S ∩ {V1,V2,…,Vk} contains as few vertices as possible, then S＇= S-A is the maximal total irredundant set of G. Furthermore, we obtain the bound of the total irredundance A（G） number： irt ≤△（G）/2△（G）＋1 n, which n is the order of graph G, and △（G） is maximum degree in G.     

An explanation to the high efficiency ofm-THPC (temporfin) used in photodynamic therapy

Meso-tetrahydroxylphenyl chlorin (m-THPC) is one of the most efficient prospective sensitizers used in photodynamic therapy (PDT). ESR spectroscopy, fluorescence quenching experiments and cyclic voltammogram measurement were used to study its redox properties. The results showed that the ability of m-THPC generating superoxide radical anions was very strong, and the rate constant of m-THPC fluorescence quenching by oxygen k_q (O₂)=1.46×10¹⁰ mol^-1·s^-1. The values of fluorescence quen- ching rate constant of m-THPC by some other electron acceptors, such as methyl viologen (MV²⁺) and anthraquinone (An), were also measured. And they were k_q (MV²⁺)=5.51×10⁹ mol^-1·s^-1, k_q (An)=7.81×10⁹ mol^-1·s^-1. The oxidation potential of m-THPC was examined to be +0.62 V (vs. NHE) in acetonitrile. All these suggested that m-THPC should be a much stronger electron donor than photofrin, the currently used in clinical photodrug, and may react easily through electron transfer with biological matter to yield various radicals. So it seemed reasonable that the type Ⅰ reaction may play an important role in the high activity of m-THPC-PDT.     

Third-order optical nonlinearities for lanthanum (III) complexes with 1, 10-phenanthroline components

The nonlinear refractive indexesn ₂ for the ethanol solutions of 1, 10-phenanthroline (2.0 × 10⁻³ mol · L⁻¹), [bis(l, 10-phenanthroline) lanthanum (III)] nitrate (1.0 × 10⁻³ mol · L⁻¹), and [nitrato-fluoracil-bis (1, 10_{-phenanthroline}) lanthanum (III) ] nitrate (1.0 × 10⁻³ mol · L⁻¹) are first measured, the third-order nonlinear optical susceptibilities χ(³) and 〈γ〉 are calculated, and the mechanisms of the third-order optical nonlinearities enhanced by lanthanum (III) are discussed preliminarily.     

超声波下酸化碘酸钾和亚硫酸钠反应的反应速率研究

分别测定在有超声波作用和在无超声波作用条件下 ,酸化碘酸钾 (KIO3 )和亚硫酸钠 (Na2 SO3 )反应的反应速率方程式及活化能 ,从而研究该反应的机理以及超声波在该反应中的作用 ,并确定反应的最佳条件。实验得出 ,超声波对该反应有一定的促进作用 ,但是这种促进作用只提高反应的速率常数和降低反应的活化能 ,并没有改变反应机理。在超声波功率为 30 0W时 ,反应的速率方程表示式为 :v =k·c1 0 9(KIO3 ) ·c1 0 0 (Na2 SO3 )·c1 0 8(H+ ) ,其中 :k =95 0 (mol-1·L) 2 ·s-1,活化能为 17 35kJ·mol-1。实验还得出 ,在温度为2 98K时 ,当KIO3 与Na2 SO3 的初始浓度比为 2∶5 ,H+ 的初始浓度为 0 0 4 2 8mol·L-1,超声功率为 30 0W时 ,反应速率为最快 ,即v =4 31× 10 -4mol·L-1·s-1)。     

Observation of internal tides and near-inertial motions in the upper 450 m layer of the northern South China Sea

Mooring ADCP current observations from August to November are used to study the barotropic tides, baroclinic tides and near-inertial motions in the upper 450 m layer of the northern South China Sea. The barotropic and baroclinic tides at the mooring station are all dominated by M2, K1, O1, P1, with the barotropic amplitudes being 7.8 cm·s^-1, 7.0 cm·s^-1, 5.4 cm·s^-1 and 3.5 cm·s^-1 respectively. The amplitudes of M2, K1, O1, P1 internal tides vary greatly, which are 12--15 cm·s^-1 in the thermocline, and then decrease with increasing depth. The amplitude of the barootropic near-inertial motions is less than 1 cm·s^-1, contributing little to the barotropic currents. However, that of the baroclinic nearinertial motions can be as large as 5 cm·s^-1. The inclination of tidal ellipse tends to increase with increasing depth, implying upward propagation of energy, while that of the near-inertial ellipse tends to decrease with increasing depth, implying downward propagation of energy.     

On the Family of Thue Equation ｜x^3 ＋ mx^2y-（ m ＋ 3）xy^2 ＋ y^3｜= k

The family of cubic Thue equation which depend on two parameters ｜ x^3 ＋ mx^2 y-（m＋3） xy^2＋y^3｜=k is studied. Using rational approximation, we give a smaller upper bound of the solution of the equation, that is quite better than the present result. Moreover, we study two inequalities ｜ x^3 ＋ mx^2y-（m ＋ 3） xy^2＋y^3 ｜ =k≤2m＋3 and ｜x^3 ＋mx^2y- （m＋3）xy^2 ＋ y^3｜ = k≤ （2m＋3）^2 separately. Our result of upper bound make it easy to solve those inequalities by simple method of continuous fraction expansion.     

Seasonal variations in the Sr-Nd isotopic compositions of suspended particulate matter in the lower Changjiang River: Provenance and erosion constraints

Suspended particulate matter samples were collected monthly for more than 2 years in Nanjing,China to examine seasonal changes in the Sr-Nd isotopic compositions of the lower Changjiang River(CR).The results indicate that the 87Sr/86Sr ratios of the samples ranges from 0.725352 to 0.738128,and the values ofεNd(0)ranges from-10.55 to-12.29.The Sr-Nd isotopic compositions show distinct seasonal variations.The samples had lower 87Sr/86Sr ratios and higherε Nd(0)values during the flood season than the dry seasons.The seasonal variations primarily reflect the controls of provenance rocks and erosion in different sub-catchments.The relative decrease in 87Sr/86Sr ratios and the increase inε Nd(0)values during the flood season may reflect an increasing in the mechanical erosion rate in the upper basin and the contribution of more sediment from the upper reaches.The end member values of 87Sr/86Sr andε Nd(0)of the samples were 0.728254 and?11.26,respectively.     

Rate constants for the reaction of ozone with <Emphasis Type="Italic">n</Emphasis>-butyl, <Emphasis Type="Italic">s</Emphasis>-butyl and <Emphasis Type="Italic">t</Emphasis>-butyl methyl sulfides

The rate constants for the ozone reactions with n-butyl methyl sulfide （n-BMS, CHaCH2CH2CH2SCH3）, sec-butyl methyl sulfide （s-BMS, CH3CH2（CH3）CHSCHa） and tert-butyl methyl sulfide （t-BMS, （CH3）3CSCH3） were measured using our smog chamber under supposedly pseudo-first-order conditions at 30002 K and 760 Torr. The experimental determined rate constants for n-butyl, s-butyl and t-butyl methyl sulfide are （1.23 ± 0.06）×10-19, （5.08 ± 0.19）×10-20 and （2.26 ± 0.14）×10-20 cm3 molecule-1· s-1, respectively. The reactivity-structure relationship of the reactions was discussed and used to illustrate the mechanism of the ozone reaction with thioethers. The results enrich the kinetics data of atmospheric chemistry.     

Observation of small-scale processes over shelf break in the East China Sea

The turbulent dissipation along with temperature and salinity was measured on board R/V Dong Fang Hong 2 over the shelf break of the East China Sea from March 7 to 9, 2004. Applying the Turner angle, it is found that the ＇diffusive＇ double diffusion, salt-fingering, and stable stratification coexist in the upper water column of about 50 m. Below that depth, there exists weak salt-fingering. The turbulent dissipation rates are enhanced along the ray paths of M2 internal tides emanating from the shelf break with values ranging from 1.0×10^-9 W·kg^-1 to 1.2×10^-6 W·kg^-1. The corresponding diapycnal mixing rates are from 1×10^-6 m^2· s^-1 to 1×10^-2 m^2· s^-1. The spatially averaged mixing rate over the whole observation section is 2.3×10^-3 m^2· s^-1, which is much larger than 1×10^-5 m^2·s^-1 of the background diapycnal mixing rate in the open ocean.     

An exact expression for fractional absorption in Mossbauer spectroscopy

The fractional resonance absorption ε(0) in transmission Mossbauer spectroscopy is defined as a relative number of the absorbed γ-ray, and regarded as a measure of Mossbauer effect. The absorption linewidth Λ _a , as it is usually suggested, is nearly equal to the emission linewidth, Λ _s , and such an approximation leads to a extremely simplified expression ε(0), depending on neither Λ _s nor Λ _a . We consider the general case Λ _s ≠Λ _a , and obtain an exact expression for ε(0) which is given in the present paper. This expression ε(0), as a function oft _a, Λ _s , Λ _a , is figured and discussed. Biography: Chen Yi-long (1934-), male, Professor, research interest: Mossbauer effect and its applications.     

On the Pólya conjecture and the weak Weyl-Berry conjecture

The Pólya conjecture and its connection with the weak Weyl-Berry conjecture are studied Specifically let Ω⊆R ⁿ (n≥1) be a non-empty bounded open set with boundary ∂Ω. LetN ₀(λ, −Δ,Ω) be the Dirichlet counting function and φ(λ) the associated Weyl term. If the interior Minkowski dimension of ∂Ω is δ∈[n−1,n], then under certain realisable conditions we prove that for λ sufficiently large the Pólya conjecture φ(λ) −N ₀(λ,−Δ,Ω)≥0 is true. Under related conditions we also prove thatϕ(λ)−N ₀(λ,−Δ, Ω)≈λ^5/2, as λ→+∞. That is, the Weak Weyl-Berry conjecture is true. Similar results are obtained for the Neumann counting function. Partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Royal Society of London Chen Hua: born in March 8, 1956, Professor     

An improved method for measuring the stability of a three-state unfolding protein

In the current three-state protein unfolding model, the two transitions are considered to be independent and each transition is fitted to a two-state unfolding model. This three-state unfolding process is therefore composed of two sequential two-state unfolding processes. In this paper, a modified method is presented to determine the value of the unfolding free energy [δG _total⁰(H₂O)] for the three-state unfolding equilibrium of proteins. This method is demonstrated on the apoCopC protein mutant, Y79W-W83F-Cu, which unfolds via a three-state process. The value of ΔG _total⁰(H₂O) calculated using the modified method was found to be more accurate in determining ΔG _total⁰(H₂O) than the previously reported method.     

Fluorescence Determination of Artemisinin Using Hemoglobin as Catalyst and Pyronine B as Substrate

0 IntroductionMaalnadria siusb atr ompajicosr .he aAltrthe pmrisoibnlienmi (n qtihneghtraoopsiucs,QHS,Fig.1) is a sesquiterpene endoperoxide isola-ted fromArtemisia annuaL., an ancient Chineseherbal medicine usedfor treatment of fever and ma-laria.Studies of the structure and activity relation-ship have shownthat endoperoxide groupis essentialfor anti malarial activity of QHS and absence of thismoiety lead to completely loss in activity of thedrug. Many techniques have been developed to de…     

Description of mechanism function about dehydration of cobalt oxalate dihydrate by multiple rates isotemperature method

0　IntroductionThetechnologyofthermalanalysishasbeenwidelyusedinthestudyofthermalbehaviorandthermalcharacterofsolidstatereaction ,theprimaryintentionofthermalanalysiskineticsistoestablishseparatevaluesofapparentactivationenergyE ,themostprobablemechanism g(α)andthepre exponentialfactorA ,meanwhilethedeterminationofg(α)hasgraduallybeenthefocusofthisfield .Inthisfield ,therearemostlygeneralkineticsmethodsused presently ,suchasCoats Redfern’s[1 ] integralmethod ,Achar’s[2 \〗differentialmet…     

Validating a dust production model by field experiment in Mu Us Desert, China

It is essential for validation and improvement of a dust production model to perform field observations on dust emissions. The dust production model (DPM model) consists of two physically explicit sub-models, namely saltation model [1, 2] (eq. (1)) and sandblasting model [3] (eqs. (2) and (3)). Fh is saltation flux, E is fraction of erodible surface, C is a dimensional constant, ρa is air density, g is gravitational acceleration, U* is the wind friction velocity, Ut*(Dp) is threshold frict…     

Calculation method of electronic structure and its application to (I h andI) fullerenes

A new calculation method was discussed to treat the Hückel Hamiltonian of any fullerene with a certain point group symmetry. This method was applied to calculating the electronic energy levels of icosahedral fullerenes C\-n(I\-h: n=60h 2, 0相似文献   

Kinetic investigation of <Emphasis Type="Italic">in situ</Emphasis> growth of CdMoO<Subscript>4</Subscript> nano-octahedra

CdMoO₄ nano-octahedra were grown in situ at room temperature by reverse-microemulsion. Energy evolution from this growth process was monitored using microcalorimetry. The microcalorimetric heat flow (MCHF) curve showed a characteristic endothermic peak for the initial reaction, and double discontinuous exothermic peaks for the subsequent crystal growth. Combined with complementary characterization techniques, the evolution of morphology and size of the CdMoO₄ nano-octahedra were correlated with the MCHF peaks. Calculations based on the microcalorimetric results at 298.15 K provided rate constants of 7.56×10⁻⁵ s⁻¹ for the reaction and nucleation process and 1.59×10⁻⁴ s⁻¹ for the crystallization process.     

几类图的符号星控制数

给出Km×Cn,Cm×Cn,Km×Kn这三类图的符号星控制数.     

Preliminary Mo isotope data of Phanerozoic clastic sediments from the northern margin of the Yangtze block and its implication for paleoenvironmental conditions

Mo isotopes along with Nd isotopes and other geochemical characteristics of the Phanerozoic clastic sediments from the northern margin of the Yangtze block were analyzed by MC-ICP-MS and some other techniques, spanning the period from Cambrian to Jurassic. The δ 98Mo values and εNd(t ) in these sedimets were observed to exhibit a large range of variation (?0.65‰―+1.87‰, ?1.46―?10.90, respec-tively). Specifically, the sample from Late Permian Maokou Formation has relatively positive values in both δ 98Mo and...