3种不同来源的鲑鱼降钙素基因的克隆及其序列比较

以3种不同来源的鲑鱼基因组DNA为模板，采用PCR方法获得完整的sCT基因。与Gen-bank中Pink Salmin(ONCORHYNCHUS GORBUSCHA)的降钙素基因序列进行比较，结果显示；实验组的Pink Salmon(O.gorbuscha)降钙素基因有2个碱基差异（第39位C→A，第51位T→C），氨基酸没有变化；Chumn Salmon(O.keta)有1个碱基的差异（第86位G→A），且引起1个氨基酸的变化（第29位S→N）；而中国黑龙江产的鲑鱼（Oncorhynchus sp.)降钙素基因序列与Genbank中Pink Salmon（O.gorbuscha）的降钙素序列完全相同，没有碱基差别。     

我国特有的三个小型猪品系PGC-1基因外显子8的多态性分析

目的 分析我国特有的三个小型猪品系:巴马小型猪、中国农大小型猪、五指山小型猪过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ协同激活子1基因第8外显子的单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)分布特点,为我国小型猪在糖尿病和代谢性疾病研究中提供基础资料.方法 以三个品系小型猪基因组DNA为模板,应用特异性引物进行PCR扩增,扩增产物纯化测序,进行BLAST比对分析.结果 测序结果表明在小型猪PGC-1基因外显子8有5个单核苷酸多态性位点为:Ala354Val(450C→T),Gly363Gly(478C→T),Arg369Arg(494C→A),Leu570Leu(913G→A),Ser551Ser(1039A→G),其中,只有450位C→T的杂合突变导致了编码氨基酸的改变.结论 小型猪品种不同PGC-1基因外显子8的多态性分布有很大差异.     

人类及部分实验动物MHC-DRB3.2基因核苷酸序列同源性分析

目的研究人类及部分实验动物DRB3.2基因核苷酸序列的同源性。方法利用PCR技术扩增得到牛的DRB3.2基因片段,并测定其核苷酸序列;从GenBank中下载人类、猕猴、绵羊、山羊、猪的相应基因片段;利用DNAMAN软件进行碱基组成分析、同源性分析和构建分子进化树。结果所分析的物种该基因片段大小为267bp,没有发现碱基的缺失以及插入现象;A、T、G、C四种碱基以及G+C的含量在不同物种之间相差较小。就某种动物来说,G的含量最高,T的含量最低,G+C的含量要明显高于A+T含量;人类与猕猴、绵羊、山羊、牛、猪的同源性分别为91.8%、82.8%、82.4%、81.3%、81.6%。结论不同物种MHC-DRB3.2基因核苷酸序列的同源性都比较高;在研究人类有些疾病时,猕猴是其它实验动物不可替代的;DRB3.2基因是研究生物进化和系统发育分析的一个理想遗传标记。     

藏绵羊脂肪酸结合蛋白(H-FABP)基因的克隆及序列分析

利用RT-PCR、T-A克隆技术获得了藏绵羊H-FABP基因, 并对克隆序列进行分析. 结果显示, 藏绵羊H-FABP编码基因全长402bp, 编码133个氨基酸. 将藏绵羊H-FABP基因及氨基酸序列分别与Gene Bank中公布的山羊、水牛、家牛、野牦牛、猪、马、狗7种动物进行序列一致率比对, 结果显示, 藏绵羊与所选的7种动物的H-FABP基因序列一致率在90.8%～99.5%之间, H-FABP氨基酸序列一致率在93.2%～100%之间. 其中, 藏绵羊与藏山羊H-FABP基因存在2个位点核苷酸差异:114位碱基位点A→G和第129位碱基位点T→C, 但两个位点的核苷酸差异均为同义密码子, 藏绵羊与山羊H-FABP氨基酸无差异.     

中国花钙细胞色素b基因片段的序列研究

参考鳗Li等鱼类线粒体DNA序列进行了中国花鲈线粒体DNA细胞色素b基因片断的引物设计、PCR扩增及其序列测定。得到中国花鲈的碱基序列为410bp,其A、T、G、C含量分别为101bp（24．63％）、112bp(27．32％）、72bp(17．56％）、125bp(30．49％）,与鳗Li等其他鱼类相同基因片断序列碱基含量相似。     

中国明对虾与5种虾类线粒体16S rRNA和COI基因片段的序列比较及其系统学初步研究

采用PCR扩增和序列测定等技术,对中国明对虾（Fennerpenaeus chinem如）线粒体DNA16S rRNA和细胞色素氧化酶I（COI）基因片段进行了初步研究,分别得到16S rRNA和COI 2个基因片段的碱基序列,其中16S rRNA基因片段的大小为515bp,碱基A＋T,G＋C的组成分别为66．47％和33．53％;COI基因片段的大小为472bp,碱基A＋T,G＋C的组成分别为62．50％和37．29％．在2种基因片段中,AT的组成明显高于GC的组成,这与果蝇、虾类、蟹类等无脊椎动物的16S rRNA和COI基因片段的研究结果相似．通过对中国明对虾16S rRNA和COI 2个基因片段遗传特征的研究,16S rRNA只有8处核苷酸的碱基在4个群体间表现出差异,COI基因片段中共检测出24个多态性核苷酸位点,其种内变异较低。另外,将本研究所得序列与GenBank中对虾科5个种的16S rRNA基因片段序列进行比较后,发现其聚类关系与传统分类相一致．     

基于线粒体DNA控制区的新疆北鲵种群遗传多样性分析

以线粒体DNA(mitochondrial DNA,mtDNA)控制区为分子标记,对分布于新疆温泉县6处自然栖息地的新疆北鲵(Ranodon sibiricus)遗传多样性进行研究.共采集新疆北鲵尾端肌肉组织样本60份,通过PCR扩增获得853bp的mtDNA序列,含D-loop序列747bp、tRNA-Pro序列72bp及部分tRNA-Thr和tRNA-Pro之间基因间隔区(ISR)序列34bp,其中D-loop序列中A、T、G和C 4种核苷酸所占百分比分别为31.92%,35.04%,15.02%和18.02%,A+T所占百分比为66.96%.经MEGA软件比对发现,所得60个样品的扩增序列(853bp)完全一致,共享一个单倍型,所有扩增序列仅在控制区的第449位碱基(均为A)与GenBank(AJ419960)中新疆北鲵线粒体该位点碱基(为G)不一致.结果表明,国内现存6处自然栖息地内的新疆北鲵遗传多样性极低,在近缘同属种及脊椎动物中都极为罕见,显示该种近期经历过严重的瓶颈效应,可能由一个单倍型扩散至目前的分布格局.研究结果可为该物种保护提供分子遗传学依据.     

人EGF受体胞外域cDNA克隆及其序列分析

目的：克隆编码人表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)胞外域的cDNA,构建可溶性EGFR(sEGFR)的哺乳动物细胞表达载体。方法：以RT—PCR方法从人胎盘中克隆编码EGFR胞外域的cDNA,测定其序列,构建sEGFR真核表达载体。结果：从人胎盘绒毛组织中成功克隆编码EGFR胞外域的cNDA,通过PCR方法在起始位点前加入Kozak序列并添加终止密码,构建了sEGFR的真核表达载体。该基因编码的蛋白质包含信号肽以及L1、S1、12和S2等4个结构域。序列分析表明该基因有3个碱基与以往报道的基因不同,即1562G→A、1620G→C、1887T→A,前两个改变导致氨基酸Arg497Lys和Lys516Asn的改变,后一个为同义突变Thr605。结论：成功克隆编码EGFR胞外域的cDNA,并构建了sEGFR真核表达载体。     

利用DNA shuffling构建部分解除对氟苯丙氨酸反馈抑制的aroG

3-脱氧-D-阿拉伯庚酮糖-7-磷酸合成酶(DAHPs)是芳香族氨基酸生物合成途径中关键的限速酶,在大肠杆菌中有3种同工酶,分别由aroG(Phe)、aroH(Trp)和aroF(Tyr)基因编码,这3种酶分别受苯丙氨酸、色氨酸和酪氨酸反馈抑制.为得到解除苯丙氨酸反馈抑制的突变AroG,以Escherichia coli野生型aroG、aroH和aroF基因为亲本,通过DNAshuffling技术对aroG基因进行改组,将获得的改组aroG与载体pET30a连接得到改组文库,转化到E.coliBL21(DE3)中,在含有Phe类似物对氟苯丙氨酸(p-FP)的培养基上筛选转化子,获得2个能耐受10 mg/mLp-FP的克隆.这2个克隆的测序结果显示,其中一个发生了3个点突变:C129T,A531G,A1032G;另一个发生了3个点突变T77A,G883A,A1032G和4个碱基的插入突变即922位插入A,943位插入CG,971位插入A.2个改组AroG的最适pH和最适温度与野生型AroG相比无明显变化.     

新疆肉用绵羊抑制素βA基因多态性与产羔数关联分析

肉用绵羊的产羔数量低是制约新疆绵羊产业发展的一个重要因素.因此,对绵羊产羔数的分子标记研究也就具有了非常重要的现实指导意义.本研究选择了新疆本地品种哈萨克肉用羊、引进品种萨福克肉用羊和德中杂交肉用羊为实验对象,以抑制素βA基因为产羔数性状的候选基因设计了5对引物,采用聚合酶链式反应-单链构象多态技术(PCR-SSCP)检测该基因多态性,并分析其与产羔数的关联.结果表明:3种绵羊外显子5'调控区引物0-2扩增区域存在多态性位点,有3种基因型,分别定义为:AA、AB和BB.测序发现,基因型AA在外显子1的一43 bp和-44 bp处存在C→A和G→A的连续碱基突变,-38 bp处存在C→A的单个碱基突变,一25 bp处存在C→G的单个碱基突变.显著性分析显示,哈萨克羊基因型AA比基因型AB和BB产羔数分别多0.20个(P＜0.05)和0.26个(P＜0.05),德中杂交基因型AA比基因型AB和BB产羔数多0.25个(P＜0.05)和0.34个(P＜0.05),而萨福克羊3种基因型产羔数差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:绵羊抑制素βA是影响新疆哈萨克羊和德中杂交肉用羊产羔数的重要基因,可作为标记辅助选择的候选基因.     

An unusual DNA structure detected in a telomeric sequence under superhelical stress and at low pH

Telomeric sequences of DNA, which are found at the ends of linear chromosomes, have been attracting attention as potential sites for the formation of unusual DNA structures. They consist of (GnTm) or (GnATm) motifs (n greater than or equal to m) and, in the single-stranded state, form hairpins stabilized by non-canonical G.G pairs. In the duplex state and under superhelical stress they exhibit hypersensitivity to SI nuclease which by analogy with homopurine-homopyrimidine sequences may reflect the formation of an unusual structure. To determine whether this is the case we have inserted into a plasmid the Tetrahymena telomeric motif (G4T2).(A2C4) and probed it by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, chemical modification and oligonucleotide binding. Our data demonstrate that, under superhelical stress and at low pH, the insert does indeed adopt a novel DNA conformation. We have concluded that in this structure the C-rich strand forms a hairpin stabilized by non-Watson-Crick base pairs C.C+ and A.A+, whereas the G-rich strand remains unstructured. We term this new DNA structure the (C,A)-hairpin.     

基于mtDNA COI基因序列的盐肤木种群遗传变异

基于mtDNA COI基因序列对贵州、湖北和四川的盐肤木(Rhus chinensis Mill.)种群进行遗传变异分析.研究共测得盐肤木9个种群50个个体的mtDNA COI基因长度为1.37kb的序列,在测得的序列中有3个核苷酸位点存在变异(占所测核苷酸序列的0.22%),T、C、A、G 4种核苷酸的组成分别为34.1%、21.8%、22.5%、21.6%,其中A+T含量(56.6%)高于G+C含量(43.4%).共检测到3个单倍型(HapA、HapB和HapC),HapA出现在所有种群中,是出现频率最高的单倍型,占所测序列的90%,该单倍型可能是祖先单倍型;HapB由安县的1个个体和竹山的3个个体共享,而HapC只存在于榕江的1个个体.分析表明盐肤木种群具低水平单倍型多样性(0.000 2)和核苷酸多样性(0.187 0),基于该基因序列的盐肤木种群间遗传多样性和遗传分化均较小.     

乐至黑山羊GH和IGF-I基因多态性及其与产羔性状的关联性分析(英文)

生长激素(GH)胰岛素样生长因子I(IGF-I)在卵泡的生长和闭锁中发挥关键作用。研究采用PCR-SSCP技术对157只乐至黑山羊GH和IGF-I进行多态位点的检测。结果发现,GH基因5’侧翼区和第二外显子分别检测到2种基因型,第三外显子检测到4种基因型,第四和第五外显子分别检测到3种基因型;IGF-I基因的第二外显子检测到2种基因型。通过基因测序发现GH基因有14处单核苷酸突变位点(SNPs)—T48C,A55G)(P1引物),T781C(P2引物),G1122A,A1161G,A1171G,C1179T和C1180G(P3引物),T1481C,A1494G,G1549T和C1590T(P4引物),G1942A和G1957A(P5引物);IGF-I基因有1个SNP(G3270C)(P6引物)。关联性分析结果表明,只有GH基因第三外显子BB型乐至黑山羊产羔数比AA型多0.32(p0.05),其余基因型间产羔数差异不显著。研究初步表明GH基因可能与乐至黑山羊产羔数之间存在一定关联性。     

广东汉族人群TLR9基因单核苷酸多态性及其单倍型(英文)

采用PCR扩增和直接测序法对191例健康且无血缘关系的广东汉族人群筛查了TLR9全基因序列,包括调控区、5′非翻译区、第1,2外显子、内含子及3′非翻译区上所有的单核苷酸多态性(SNP)位点.共检出五个SNP位点,分别为调控区的-1 486 T/C和-1 421 C/T、内含子区的+1174 A/G、第2外显子的+1 387 T/C和+2848 G/A,其中-1421 C/T和+1 387 T/C为首次发现的新位点.连锁不平衡分析表明-486 T/C,1174 A/G以及2848 G/A之间存在紧密连锁,并且涵盖了整个基因区域,形成了一个单倍域.在此基础上运用Hhase软件构建了TLR9基因的单倍型,共得到七种单倍型并模拟了它们可能的分布频率.进一步的中性检验表明TLR9基因在广东汉族人群中符合中性进化模式.     

Reconstruction of enzymatic activity from split genes encoding glyphosate-tolerant EPSPS protein of Psedomonas fluorescens G2 strain by intein mediated protein complementation

N-phosphonomethylglycine, commonly referred to as glyphosate, is a broad-spectrum, non-selective herbicide used for the control of weeds in glyphosate-to- lerant crops. Glyphosate inhibits the 5-enolpyruvyl shikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS), a key en…     

Structural basis for removal of adenine mispaired with 8-oxoguanine by MutY adenine DNA glycosylase

The genomes of aerobic organisms suffer chronic oxidation of guanine to the genotoxic product 8-oxoguanine (oxoG). Replicative DNA polymerases misread oxoG residues and insert adenine instead of cytosine opposite the oxidized base. Both bases in the resulting A*oxoG mispair are mutagenic lesions, and both must undergo base-specific replacement to restore the original C*G pair. Doing so represents a formidable challenge to the DNA repair machinery, because adenine makes up roughly 25% of the bases in most genomes. The evolutionarily conserved enzyme adenine DNA glycosylase (called MutY in bacteria and hMYH in humans) initiates repair of A*oxoG to C*G by removing the inappropriately paired adenine base from the DNA backbone. A central issue concerning MutY function is the mechanism by which A*oxoG mispairs are targeted among the vast excess of A*T pairs. Here we report the use of disulphide crosslinking to obtain high-resolution crystal structures of MutY-DNA lesion-recognition complexes. These structures reveal the basis for recognizing both lesions in the A*oxoG pair and for catalysing removal of the adenine base.     

三-(五氟苯基)咔咯锰配合物与DNA碱基的相互作用理论研究

采用DFT/B3LYP方法对三-(五氟苯基)咔咯锰配合物(TPFC)Mn(Ⅲ)与DNA的4种碱基以及碱基对的轴向配位性质进行了理论研究.计算结果表明:以相同碱基的不同原子作为配位原子时,与(TPFC)Mn(Ⅲ)的配位能力不同,其中氧原子的配位能力强;(TPFC)Mn(Ⅲ)主要以插入的方式与A=T和C≡G碱基对结合;无论...     

A role for branchpoints in splicing in vivo

The nucleotides immediately surrounding intron/exon junctions of genes transcribed by RNA polymerase B can be derived from 'consensus' sequences for donor and acceptor splice sites by only a few base changes. Studies in vivo have underlined the importance of these junction nucleotides for splicing. In higher eukaryotes, no evidence has been found for specific internal intron sequences involved in splicing. However, the recent discovery that, in vitro, introns are excised in a lariat form where the 5' end of the intron is joined via a 2'-5'-phosphodiester linkage to an A residue (branchpoint acceptor) close to the 3' end of the intron, suggests that internal intron sequences may nonetheless be important for splicing. Indeed, in yeast nuclear genes, the internal sequence 5'-TACTAAC-3' (or close homologue) is essential for splicing in vivo. A proposed consensus sequence for branchpoints in mammalian introns is 5'-CT(A/G)A(C/T)-3'. This sequence resembles the essential yeast internal sequence. Are branchpoints involved in the splicing of introns of higher eukaryotes in vivo? We show here that a branchpoint sequence from a human globin gene (5'-CTGACTCTCTCTG-3') greatly enhances the efficiency of splicing of a 'synthetic' intron in HeLa cells. A mutated branchpoint sequence, 5'-CTCCTCTCTCTG-3', in which the branchpoint acceptor nucleotide A has been deleted and the neighbouring purine G mutated to a C, does not exhibit this enhancing capability. We conclude that branchpoints have an important function in the splicing process in vivo.     

Evidence for Base Substitutions and Repair of DNA Mismatch Damage Induced by Low Energy N^＋ Ion Beam Implantation in E. coli

Ever since the low energy N^ ion beam has been accepted, the mutations of ionizing radia-tion are attributable mainly to avoidance of DNA damages repair. Evidences based on in vivo proof results are limited. Using the E. coli wild type and mutator strains, the mutant frequencies suggest that base substitutions in rpoB gene are induced by the N^ implantation. A highly con-served region is selected to get the direct evidence for base substitutions by sequence of the high fi-delity PCR amplification products in mutants. Most of the mutants (90.9%, 40/44) have at least one base substitution in the amplification region. The evidences for CG to TA (55 %, 22/40), AT to GC (20%, 8/40) and TA to CG (5%, 2/40) transitions are identified. The transversions are AT to TA ( 15 %, 6/40) and GC to CG (5 %, 2/40). It is suggested that DNA cytosine methylase might play an important role in mismatch repair of DNA damage induced by N^ implantation by analysis of the mutant frequencies of mutator strains.     

大肠杆菌SD序列与基因表达水平的关系

依据基因表达水平的理论预测方法从１３７３个大肠杆菌基因中选出了７３个甚高表达基因和１００个甚低表达基因,研究了这两类基因编码区起始密码子ＡＴＧ前－１到－２１位点（包含ＳＤ序列）的碱基构成与基因表达水平的关系。结果表明,ＳＤ序列中的富嘌呤区（约在－７到－１２位点）Ｇ和Ｔ的概率分布曲线中心到ＡＴＧ的距离（记为ＬＨ）与基因表达水平有明显的关系。甚高表达基因ＬＨ约为１０,甚低表达基因的ＬＨ约为８,另外在－