基于损失加权的实时篮球裁判手势识别系统

为了方便观众更好地在观看比赛直播和录像时理解裁判手势的含义,或帮助录像分析师分析比赛视频,设计了一种实时篮球裁判手势检测与识别系统Yolov5-BR(Yolov5-Basketball Referee).首先,采用目标检测中的Yolov5算法为基础模型,对其边界框的交并比(intersection over union,IoU)损失函数完全交并比(complete intersection over union,CIoU)进行加权处理,增强预测框的鲁棒性;其次,在C3模块后加入注意力机制,产生更具分辨性的特征表示,从而提升网络识别性能;此外,在检测层头部融入自适应特征融合机制,充分利用图像高层语义信息;最后,对目标置信度损失函数进行不对等加权处理,从而提高对小目标检测的鲁棒性.在自制的裁判手势数据集上,Yolov5-BR取得了95.4%的mAP值,本地视频检测速率为55.5帧/s,外接摄像头分辨率为1 280×960,检测速率为25帧/s.实验结果表明,Yolov5-BR相对于原始模型在检测裁判手势的性能上有所提升,保持了较高的准确率、稳定性与实时性.     

煤矿井下钻孔裂隙识别技术

为研究采区煤岩体中裂隙、断裂、破碎带等结构面的自动检测技术,解决现有人工智能技术中迭代次数大、检测框准确度低等问题,采用YOLOv5算法融合注意力机制、损失函数、多尺度检测的方法,对煤矿巷道上顶板5种不同地质钻孔进行裂隙检测试验。结果表明：将注意力机制SENet引入YOLOv5模型框架,避免了图像背景区域与裂隙区域相似度较高问题;采用有效交并比损失函数代替完全交并比损失函数,使得预测框能够更加有效拟合真实目标框;对YOLOv5模型增添3种不同尺寸的锚定框并添加160×160特征层,实现检测更小的目标。该方法与SSD、YOLOv5等检测算法在同样条件下相比,其检测精度分别提升了18.9%,2.1%,召回率提升了39.5%,1.6%,平均精度提升了28.1%,1.0%。改进后的模型将三尺度检测变为四尺度检测,提升了算法的多尺度目标检测性能,能够对钻孔裂隙进行高精度检测,满足钻孔裂隙实时检测需求。     

基于改进YOLOv5的绝缘子缺陷检测算法

绝缘子缺陷检测是电网巡检过程中重要的一环,为提高绝缘子缺陷检测的精度,该文提出一种基于改进YOLOv5算法的绝缘子缺陷检测算法——YOLOv5t,能够在保证网络运行速度的条件下,提升网络的检测精度.该算法在YOLOv5s的基础上,将三重注意力机制(triplet attention)添加到骨干网络中,给予每个特征通道不同的权重,以提高网络的检测精度;并采用CIoU Loss作为网络回归损失的损失函数,提升网络的收敛速度;同时将Soft-NMS作为网络的预测结果处理方法,降低网络的漏检率.YOLOv5t与几种常用的缺陷检测网络的对比实验结果表明,YOLOv5t的准确率达到97.2%,召回率达到98%,平均精度均值达到99.1%,较YOLOv5s算法分别提升了0.9%、5.1%和2.1%,并且检测速度没有受到影响.     

基于距离交并比回归的孪生网络目标跟踪算法

为解决视频目标跟踪过程中目标框和预测框边界不重叠情况下无法优化的问题,提出了一种距离交并比(distance intersection over union, DIOU)回归的孪生网络目标跟踪算法.通过孪生网络和区域建议网络(region proposal network, RPN)保持实时效果,将距离交并比引入回归分支,结合重叠率和中心点距离构建损失度量,加快模型训练的收敛速度,为边界框提供更直接的回归方向.同时,使用Resnet50网络替换SiamRPN网络的特征提取网络,进一步提高目标特征表示的准确性.实验结果表明,DIOU回归损失在视频目标尺度变化、低分辨率、光照变化等干扰情况下,具有较强鲁棒性.     

基于多尺度融合增强的服装图像解析方法

基于卷积神经网络中的各个层次特征,提出了一种基于多尺度融合增强的服装图像解析方法。通过融合增强模块,在考虑全局信息的基础上对包含的语义信息和不同尺度特征进行有效融合。结果表明：在Fashion Clothing测试集上的平均F1分数达到60.57%,在LIP（Look Into Person）验证集上的平均交并比（mean intersection over union,MIoU）达到54.93%。该方法可以有效地提升服装图像解析精度。     

基于改进YOLOv5的变电站表计缺陷检测算法

准确检测变电站中的设备缺陷并及时进行处理是保证电力系统安全运行的重要措施.针对表计缺陷图像背景复杂、目标尺寸不一、外形差别大等问题,提出基于改进YOLOv5(you only look once的第5个版本)的变电站表计缺陷检测算法.为了提高泛化能力、解决训练过程中样本不平衡问题,利用旋转和改变图像亮度的方法进行数据增广.通过引入坐标注意力机制,在聚焦缺陷特征的同时,能突出缺陷特征的差异.为了使边界框回归更快速准确,将EDIOU loss(effective distance intersection over union loss)代替CIOU loos(complete intersection over union loss).实验结果表明：6种算法中,该文算法的准确度、召回率和mAP(mean average preciscion)均最高,分别达85.1%, 86.6%, 87.3%.因此,该文算法具有优越性.     

改进YOLOv5网络模型的车位检测方法

针对目前车位检测方法效率低的问题，提出一种轻量级车位检测方法OG-YOLOv5。首先，基于YOLOv5网络添加车位分隔线方位回归分支，实现车位方位的准确预测，可直接根据网络预测结果推断完整车位信息；其次，通过检测尺度裁剪、Ghost模块重构网络实现模型轻量化；再者，通过在网络主干中引入ECA注意力机制、优化损失函数提高目标预测精度。通过对比实验，结果表明所提OG-YOLOv5网络的mAP达到了98.8%，模型参数量和计算量仅为原模型的32.0%和28.3%，在GPU和CPU上的检测时间分别减少了16.2%和28.1%，车位检测准确率和召回率分别达到了97.75%和96.87%。     

基于改进DeepLabV3+网络的坝面裂缝检测方法

基于图像分析的水电站坝面缺陷判别是一种高效、精准的方法，然而大坝裂缝图像存在背景复杂以及裂缝和背景像素比例不均衡等问题，导致传统算法的检测效果差。该文提出一种基于改进的DeepLabV3+网络模型的坝面裂缝检测方法。该方法利用三线注意力模块(three line attention module,TLAM)提高模型对裂缝像素的提取能力；采用空洞空间金字塔池化(atrous spatial pyramid pooling,ASPP)模块进行级联优化，实现更密集的像素采样，获取更丰富的裂缝特征；将MobileNetV2作为特征提取主干网络，可实现网络轻量化并减少模型参数；将焦点损失(focal loss,FL)和Dice损失(Dice loss,DL)作为模型的损失函数，可克服数据不平衡的困难。对西南某水电站的坝面裂缝数据集进行模型有效性和对比实验，结果表明：该方法中用来评价模型精度的F_{1, score}、平均交并比(mean intersection over union,MIoU)和平均像素精度(mean pixel accuracy,MPA)的值分别达到73.98...     

基于改进YOLOv5的遥感图像飞机目标检测

针对遥感图像中飞机检测尺寸大小不一、背景复杂导致的难以识别问题,提出一种基于YOLOv5网络模型的改进方法。首先,在YOLOv5网络模型中融入Swin-Transformer模块,使网络全局建模并使全维度信息交互,以提升网络的特征提取能力;其次,对损失函数进行优化,引入SIOU损失函数以考虑真实框和预测框之间的向量角度问题。对比实验表明,优化前后网络模型检测精度均为95.3%。在检测精度相同的情况下,改进后的网络模型召回率为91.2%,比改进前提升0.6个百分点;改进后平均检测精度mAP_0.5为95.7%,比改进前提升0.2个百分点。结果表明,改进后的YOLOv5网络模型能在一定程度上提升遥感图像中飞机目标检测性能。     

基于改进的YOLOv5s安全帽佩戴检测算法

针对个人防护用具安全帽的防护检测识别需求,现有的人工检测方法费时费力,无法做到实时监测.提出了一种基于YOLOv5s深度学习模型的安全帽检测算法,能够有效识别检测安全帽是否正确佩戴.并通过添加CA注意力机制,重新分配每个空间和通道的权重;以BoT3替代原有的C3模型,作为主干网络;并将CIOU损失函数改为SIOU等方法,改进原有的YOLOv5s模型,提高安全帽检测识别的精度,提高检测速度.实验结果表明,安全帽识别检测的平均精度比原始模型提高了2.2%,识别检测速度提升了19 ms,实现了更准确地轻量高效实时的安全帽佩戴检测.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.