Cu 在 FeCl_3 溶液中的蚀刻研究

研究了ＦｅＣｌ３溶液浓度、温度及样品在溶液中的运动速度对Ｃｕ蚀刻速度的影响。在所研究的溶液浓度范围内，蚀刻过程为扩散控制为主的过程；在溶液相对密度为１．２６～１．３２时Ｃｕ的蚀刻速度具有极值。Ｃｕ在ＦｅＣｌ３溶液中蚀刻其表面有ＣｕＣｌ膜的沉积，钝化膜对Ｃｕ的蚀刻有大的影响；蚀刻反应受Ｆｅ３＋通过钝化膜的扩散过程控制。试验拟定了初步的蚀刻工艺。     

离子束蚀刻固体表面形貌发展研究

本文导出了离子束蚀刻固体表面形貌发展的一般方程,利用非线性方程的特征曲线解法,建立了离子束蚀刻固体表面形貌发展的三维理论,并由该理论导出了Carter等人的二维理论。     

浸泡法快速制备超疏水黄铜表面

采用化学蚀刻和溶液浸泡相结合的方法制备具有超疏水性的黄铜表面.按比例配置HCl、HNO3和HF的混合溶液蚀刻黄铜,蚀刻后用硬脂酸溶液进行修饰以获得接触角大于150°的表面.通过扫描电镜对表面结构的观察以及能谱分析,发现蚀刻后的表面具有片状和微小乳突组成的微/纳二级结构,修饰后的这些结构可以捕获大量空气.根据Cassie模式的计算方程,水滴与空气的接触面积约占总接触面积的94.11%.实验研究了不同蚀刻时间对试件表面润湿性的影响,理论分析微结构的形成机理.发现最佳制备条件为：蚀刻时间5 min,浸泡时间1 h,此条件下制备的试件的接触角达到164.5°.
     

微氟循环玻璃蚀刻的工艺研究

应用正交试验和单因子实验分别确定了微氟循环蚀刻液的配比及微氟循环蚀刻的最佳工艺条件.结果表明,蚀刻的最佳工艺条件为:pH=5.5,温度为48℃,时间为2.2h.并经SEM和IR实验测试,玻璃表面蚀刻均匀,蚀刻深度为5.8μm,深度均一,表面平整,无侧蚀现象.蚀刻后废液经化学处理可实现循环使用.     

化学法清洗硅片过程中清除颗粒的机理(英文)

对化学法清洗硅片过程中消除颗粒的机理作了定量的探讨。颗粒的清除是由于化学蚀刻和颗粒与表面排斥力共同作用的结果。首次提出了最浅蚀刻深度和最小蚀刻速度的概念。最浅蚀刻深度可通过颗粒与表面间作用能的关系进行计算。是小蚀刻速度则可通过蚀刻侧形进行计算。研究结果对于优化化学法清洗过程和设计高性能清洗液都具有重要意义。     

蚀刻型高密度引线框架铜合金带材的研制进展

综述了蚀刻加工的工艺特点以及用于蚀刻型铜合金带材的特殊技术要求,分析了国内蚀刻型高密度引线框架铜带的研制进展及存在的问题。蚀刻型引线框架带材的产品质量与国外还存在一定差距,全蚀刻产品已实现国产化,产品质量有待提高;半蚀刻产品还处于研制阶段;板形控制、残余应力消减及均匀分布等核心技术有待突破;残余应力检测方法及检验标准有待建立。     

碳纤维表面处理及其复合材料界面优化的研究Ⅰ．低温等离子处理对碳纤维表面的作用

通过碳纤维表面的扫描电镜观察与复丝力学性能测定，发现等离子处理对纤维的模量几乎没有影响，而强度随着处理功率的增加和时间的延长稍有下降，在外观上仅表现为纤维表面纵向沟槽的加深。氩气等离子比氧化性空气等离子的损伤小。通过碳纤维表面的Ｘ射线光电子能谱分析，结合喇曼光谱的研究，还发现等离子处理的有效深度达到１５ｍｍ左右。其作用是蚀刻去碳纤维表面脂肪链结构，产生石墨等晶体结构富集的高能表面。     

碳纤维表面处理及其复合材料界面优化的研究：I.低温等离…

通过碳纤维表面的扫描电观察与复丝力学性能测定，发现等离子处理对纤维的模量几乎没有影响，而强度随着处理功率的增加和时间的延长稍有下降，在外观上仅表现为纤维表面纵向沟槽的加深。氩气等离子比氧化性空气等离子的损伤小。通过碳纤维表面的Ｘ射线光电子能谱分析，结合喇曼光谱的研究，还发现等离子处理的有效深度达到１５ｎｍ左右。其作用是蚀刻去碳纤维表面脂肪链结构，产生石墨等晶体结构富集的高能表面。     

亚微米孔径PET核孔膜生产工艺研究

为了得到优质的亚微米孔径PET微孔膜的生产方法,为它投入实际应用奠定基础,采用被中国原子能科学研究院HI-13串列加速器产生的32S轰击过的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯薄膜,薄膜放置在空气中陈化三个月,在模拟生产条件下利用自主设计加工具有高精度温控的小型生产蚀刻装置,使用NaOH溶液对薄膜进行蚀刻处理,制备出孔径0.2至0.93μm的重离子微孔膜。研究添加表面活性剂和紫外线敏化以及蚀刻时间对孔型的影响。结果表明,紫外线敏化可以减小微孔锥角,紫外线敏化后再添加表面活性剂蚀刻可以消除孔锥角。在蚀刻出平均孔径为0.2至0.93μm核孔膜的前提下,得到了孔锥角与随着时间增加的变化趋势。     

蚀刻法在等规聚丙烯与低密度聚乙烯共混物形态研究中的应用

等规聚丙烯与低密度聚乙烯共混物(IPP/LDPE)的性能与形态结构有密切的关系.为了更细致地了解共混物中IPP与LDPE之间的相互作用,在偏光显微镜研究的基础上,我们探索采用铬酸—硫酸混合液为蚀刻剂进行共混物的蚀刻,用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)研究其形态.对纯IPP及LDPE的蚀刻,文献中均有报道.由于两者结构及化学性质均很相似,因而在用蚀刻法研究两者共混物的形态时,在电子显微镜中较难区别它们.我们通过一系列试验,确定了适用于该共混物的蚀刻条件,从而可以观察到共混物中的相分布及相间相互作用状态,取得了较满意的结果.本文着重讨论蚀刻方法,IPP 及LDPE 的特征蚀刻花样以及如何在共混物中区别它     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

The Analects and the Moment in Peking——The influence of a Confucian education system on the personality formation,the way of thinking and the fate of the main characters

0.Preface China has long been boasting of its colorful and immense culture which comprises of Taoism,Confucianism and Buddhism.The interwoven influence among the religions on Chinese way of thinking,on the nation＇s behavior in their social life throughout the long history is beyond list.