青钱柳幼胚愈伤组织的诱导

以青钱柳幼胚为外植体,研究了不同幼胚期、基本培养基种类、植物生长调节剂种类及其浓度配比对愈伤组织诱导的影响。结果表明,不同发育期的幼胚诱导出的愈伤组织在形态上差异较大,青钱柳种子发育至子叶胚中期较适合愈伤组织的诱导。青钱柳幼胚愈伤诱导时基本培养基以改良DKW效果最佳,诱导率达到了88.89%,且无褐化现象;含2,4-D与KT组合的培养基较适宜愈伤组织的诱导,其中2,4-D(0.5 mg/L)+KT(2.0 mg/L)和2,4-D(1.0 mg/L)+KT(1.0 mg/L)的组合对青钱柳幼胚诱导愈伤组织效果最佳,诱导率分别为80.00%和78.33%。     

小麦雌性不育系的胚胎学及其遗传观察

为了探明小麦雌性不育的胚胎学机理,以普通小麦育性正常品种、雌性不育系4042及其F1的早期子房作为观察对象,通过石蜡切片观察和统计,发现雌性不育小麦子房败育的原因是多方面的,主要是双受精障碍,占所有不育子房的50%以上,其次是早期的原胚虽然发育正常,但胚乳发育有不同方式的异常,最终导致子房的败育,雌性总不育率达93.3%.本文还通过比较双亲及杂种F1的幼胚发育,从胚胎学角度进一步证明了小麦雌性不育性状受隐性主效基因控制.     

中华卵索线虫生殖系统发育过程中形态和主要化学物质含量的变化

采用石蜡切片的方法，观察中华卵索线虫寄生期幼线虫、寄生后期幼线虫、成虫期（蜕皮后和交配后）成虫3个时期生殖系统发育的形态特征，并测定其主要化学物质含量的变化．寄生期幼线虫体内滋养物体发育明显，而生殖系统发育不明显；寄生后期幼线虫进行最后一次蜕皮变为成虫、雌雄成虫交配并产卵，在这一过程中线虫的主要生理活动是将滋养物体中贮存的营养用于生殖系统及卵的发育，因此生殖系统发育明显，而滋养物体逐渐被消耗．生殖系统发育不同时期，雌雄虫糖以及脂肪酸的相对含量均显示出显著差异；含水量和含糖量在寄生后期略有下降后明显上升，而蛋白质和脂肪酸相对含量变化不明显．     

四种植物蛋白的成分与营养学特性分析

分析了4种植物蛋白的氨基酸组成特征和营养学特性。玉米蛋白粉、大豆粉、棉籽蛋白粉、花生饼粉蛋白质质量分数分别为61.60%,38.18%,51.49%,43.15%。大豆粉氨基酸组成比较均衡;棉籽蛋白粉、花生饼粉中多种必需氨基酸组成与大豆蛋白接近,但蛋氨酸含量较低;玉米蛋白粉富含亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、缬氨酸等支链氨基酸,但其中赖氨酸、色氨酸含量明显低于其他3种植物蛋白。建议根据蛋白资源的氨基酸特色组成,合理搭配互补,以提高谷物蛋白质营养价值。     

红鳌鳌虾胚胎发育过程中蛋白质含量及氨基酸组成的分析

采用生物化学方法对红整鳌虾胚胎发育过程中蛋白质与氨基酸的组成进行了测定和分析。总蛋白与总氨基酸的含量均呈下降趋势。总蛋白由受精卵期的65.32%(占干重)降低到准备孵化期的40.28%;总氨基酸含量由受精卵期的58. 05%(占干重)减少至准备孵化期的47.49%.必需氨基酸(除Met外)的变化与总氨基酸含量呈显著性相关，且变异系数在8.25-13.34%之间;非必需氮基酸中Glu,Asp的含量较高，Cys的含量较低。蛋白质和氨基酸不仅是红鳌鳌虾胚胎发育的构建物质而且在胚胎发育过程中提供能量。     

鸭梨授粉前后子房核酸和蛋白质代谢的变化

本文以微量分析法对鸭梨授粉前后子房中核酸、蛋白质、核酸降解酶、蛋白水解酶的动态进行了测定分析。结果显示，花后８日内经授粉的子房中的ＤＮＡ、ＲＮＡ含量、蛋白质含量明显高于未授粉子房；核酸降解酶、水解蛋白酶的活性显著增强。表明授粉、受精作用引起子房中核酸，慢白质的旺盛合成，以及活跃的转录，翻译过程。     

中国植物志增补资料 2.珙桐科

落叶乔木。叶互生,卵形,基部心脏形,先端钝尖,边缘锯齿状,嫩时下面或两面有丝状细毛或长疏毛,侧脉5—7对,具长叶柄。头状花序、球形,顶生,具长的总花梗,花序下面有大形的总苞,由花瓣状的苞片2—3枚组成。花杂性,同株,无花瓣,夏初叶已长大后始开放;雄花常围绕于球形头状花序的周围,雄蕊1—7枚,花丝细瘦,花药内向;雌花或两性花常仅1枚,位于头状花序的顶端附近,有时不发育,雌花的花萼与子房合生,裂片细小,钻形,6—10枚,子房下位,6—10室,每室有胚珠1枚,花柱顶端分枝和子房室的数目相同;两性花有较短的雄蕊,其余特性则和雌花相同。果实系核果,仅3—5室发育,每室具种子1枚;胚直立,子叶长圆形,胚根圆柱形。     

沙枣（Elaeagnus angustifolia L.）的胚和胚乳发育

本文报道了沙枣受精前后,胚囊的结构和胚珠、胚囊中组织化学变化,以及胚和胚乳的发育,胚乳母细胞早于受精卵发育。为核型胚乳,胚乳发育早期,胚囊中富含蛋白质,胚胎发育为紫苑型,当多细胞原胚吋,胚乳开始形成细胞壁,胚细胞中含少量淀粉粒和可溶性蛋白质,这时候,胚柄极为发达,心形胚时,胚乳巳全部形成细胞壁,但局限于胚囊边缘,鱼雷形胚时,胚柄开始退化。以后,随着子叶的发育和生长,胚乳渐被吸入,接近成胚期,胚已为发达的子叶所取代,沙枣为无胚乳种子,成胚的子叶发达,于基部外方具一舌状物。     

不同活力花生种子蛋白质的研究

花生种子经人工加速老化处理后种子活力下降，其蛋白质总含量、胚轴和子叶中的蛋白质含量均随之下降，胚轴、子叶中可溶性蛋白质含量也随种子活力的下降而减少，低活力花生种子胚轴可溶性蛋白质和结合蛋白质的合成能力显著下降．低活力种子萌发时，贮藏蛋白质迅速降解，而新合成的蛋白质却较少，随着种子活力的下降，胚轴可溶性蛋白质和结合蛋白质的种类也随之减少．     

离子注入绿豆种胚生物学效应研究之二──离子注入后细胞结构的变化

本文应用扫瞄电镜观察低能铜离子注入绿豆（ＰｈａｓｅｏｌｕｓａｕｒｅｕｓＲｏｘｂ．）种胚后子叶细胞结构的变化情况，并对注入前后种胚内部淀粉和蛋白质的含量进行了测试．试验证明离子注入后种胚内部淀粉含量和蛋白质的成份都发生了变化．     

Observation and isolation of the amyloplasts ribosomes in cotyledon cells of lotus

Ribosome-like particles have been found in the proplastids in young cotyledon cells of lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn L.) Following the development of young embryo, some lamellar structures and tubular complex occurred in the plastids in young cotyledon cells, and some ribosomlike particles appeared in the loose region of these membrane system and stroma. About 15–20 d after fertilization, with the further development of plastid, a large number of starch and DNA were synthesized in the plastids, and the plastids contained abundant and clear morphologically ribosomes, some of which presented spiral structure. About 16–18 d after fertilization, amyloplasts were isolated and purified from cotyledon of lotus, and ribosomes bands were obtained by use of sucrose density gradient centrifugation of ribosomes isolated from amyloplasts. RNA and protein contents of ribosomes have also been determined.     

中国特有植物水松的主要营养成分分析

为探究水松(Glyptostrobus pensilis)叶和枝的营养价值和开发潜力,本研究提取并分析水松叶和枝的基本营养物质、矿质元素和氨基酸含量,并对其氨基酸营养价值进行分析、评价。结果显示：(1)除蛋白质含量为水松枝比叶高外,干物质、灰分、粗纤维、总黄酮、维生素E以及维生素C均为叶中含量较高。(2)叶和枝中均检测出16种氨基酸,其中有7种必需氨基酸。枝的异亮氨酸和亮氨酸含量高于叶。(3)叶的必需氨基酸比值系数分(Score of Ratio Coefficient of Essential Amino Acid,SRC)比枝高,为64.952,表明叶中氨基酸营养价值较枝高。(4)常量元素中的K、Ca、N含量在水松叶和枝中较高,其中Ca的含量在叶和枝中均最高,并且叶的Ca含量高于枝,为7 980.00 mg/kg。(5)微量元素中的Al、Fe含量在水松叶和枝中较高,叶中Al、Zn含量均高于枝的含量,分别为19.700和1.180 mg/kg;枝中Fe含量高于叶含量,为26.700 mg/kg。本研究分析了水松叶和枝中营养成分的特点,为水松作为木本饲料和水松衍生产品开发提供了基础资料。     

不同孵化时期蛋壳气孔分布特点的研究

对不同孵化时期及蛋壳不同部位气孔特性的研究结果表明,气室端蛋壳气孔数目显著高于小端气孔数目(p<0.05),中死蛋壳气孔数目明显低于正常发育蛋(p<0.01),但这些蛋壳的厚度却无明显差异。试验表明,壳气孔对胚胎发育有着重要作用。     

Cloning oflea cDNA fragment of carrot (Daucus carota L.) and analysis of its expression features

Addition of concentrated sucrose to MS culture arrests the development of carrot somatic embryo at the stage of cotyledon embryo and, with the sucrose concentration restored to normal level, the embryo thus arrested is reactivated into post-embryonic development. Using the method of RT-PCR, the cDNA fragment of a new member of the Dc3 family of lea has been obtained from carrot somatic embryo under regulated state. As revealed by Northern blotting, strong expression has been observed in carrot somatic embryo under regulated state but the expression was much reduced 12 h after deregulation, and nearly disappeared 24 h after. Based on this finding as well as results of related studies, it is surmised that changing the sucrose concentration in culture enabled carrot somatic embryo under suspension culture to undergo a specific course of development which is comparable to the dormancy-germination process of seeds.     

Nutritional and microbiological evaluations of chocolate-coated Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima) fruit for commercial use

In recent years, China has become an increasingly important and the largest chestnut producer in the world. This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional value and microbiological quality of the roasted freeze-dried Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima) (RFDC) coated with dark chocolate (DCC) and milk chocolate (MCC) for industrial use and commercial consumption. Chocolate coating significantly improved the nutritional value of chestnut. RFDC had high levels of starch (66.23%) and fibers (3.85%) while DCC and MCC contained significantly high amounts of sucrose, protein, fat and minerals. Furthermore, the protein content doubled in MCC rather than in DCC. This could be attributed to the different formulations in the two products. Milk powder and whey protein constituted the source of protein in MCC while cocoa powder added to MCC formulation constituted an additional source of minerals. The amino acid profile showed differences in amino acid composition related to the sample’s protein content, indicating their good nutritional quality. The moisture contents in all RFDC, DCC and MCC were suitable for industrial processing. These results provide information about the additional nutrients of chocolate-coated chestnut and confirm that the product is an interesting nutritional food. The combination of freeze-drying and chocolate-coating generally results in greater reductions on microbiological loads, extending shelf life of harvested chestnut for commercial application. This is an alternative strategy to add value to chestnut, minimizing the significant losses in harvested fruits and providing a wider range of choices of new products to the consumer disposal.     

Cloning of lea cDNA fragment of carrot (Daucus carota L.) and analysis of its expression features

Addition of concentrated sucrose to MS culture arrests the development of carrot somatic embryo at the stage of cotyledon embryo and, with the sucrose concentration restored to normal level, the embryo thus arrested is reactivated into post-embryonic development. Using the method of RT-PCR, the cDNA fragment of a new member of the Dc3 family of lea has been obtained from carrot somatic embryo under regulated state. As revealed by Northern blotting, strong expression has been observed in carrot somatic embryo under regulated state but the expression was much reduced 12 h after deregulation, and nearly disappeared 24 h after. Based on this finding as well as results of related studies, it is surmised that changing the sucrose concentration in culture enabled carrot somatic embryo under suspension culture to undergo a specific course of development which is comparable to the dormancy-germination process of seeds.     

胡芦巴种子化学成分的研究

对胡芦巴（Trigonella foenum graecum L.)种子的物理组成及主要化学组成进行了研究。实验结果表明，胡芦巴种子物理组成中，种皮占15.52%，内胚乳占31.14%，胚芽、子叶占53.34%；种子千粒重为14.78%，容重为20.07%。测定了胡芦巴种子18种氨基酸和8种微量金属元素的含量。粗蛋白含量为54.06%，种子中聚糖含量为8.72%。     

豫南板栗林栗皮夜蛾的生物学特性和防治研究

豫南板栗林栗皮夜蛾1年发生3代.以老熟幼虫在落地栗蓬刺束间或树皮裂缝中结茧化蛹(化蛹于白色丝茧中)越冬,或以幼虫在被害栗蓬总苞内越冬.第1代幼虫于6月上旬开始为害,6月下旬为第1代成虫盛发期.第2代幼虫在7月初孵化.化蛹场所高度集中在原被害蓬上.第1、第2代为害板栗较重,第3代为害较轻.豫南丘陵板栗产区采用农业和生物方法防治该虫,6年防治实验表明,该方法平均株杀灭效果可达90%.     

闽北3种人工林土壤游离氨基酸组成及其差异研究

3种人工林土壤游离氨基酸总含量表现出明显的垂直分布特征.针阔叶混交林和针叶林表层(0～20 cm)土壤游离氨基酸含量显著高于深层(20～40 cm)土壤的含量(P＜0.05);而阔叶林表层土壤游离氨基酸含量低于深层土壤的含量,但差异不显著.土壤游离氨基酸各组分均表现出显著的垂直分布特征,阔叶林表层土壤中天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、组氨酸、精氨酸和苯丙氨酸的含量显著高于深层土壤对应组分的含量,但苏氨酸、脯氨酸、甘氨酸、丙氨酸、亮氨酸显著低于深层土壤对应组分的含量;针阔叶混交林表层土 壤中酪氨酸、组氨酸和脯氨酸低于深层土壤的含量,而其余组分均显著高于深层土壤的含量;而针叶林中除甲硫氨酸和赖氨酸外,其余15种氨基酸在表层土壤中的含量均高于深层土壤中对应组分的含量.3种人工林中无论是表层土壤还是深层土壤,游离氨基酸均以中性氨基酸含量为最高,碱性和酸性氨基酸含量次之,含硫氨基酸含量最低.表层土壤中天冬氨酸、丝氨酸、谷氨酸、甘氨酸、丙氨酸、缬草氨酸、甲硫氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸和精氨酸的含量依次为:针叶林＜阔叶林＜针阔叶混交林,而赖氨酸和脯氨酸的含量则以针叶林为最高,针阔叶混交林次之,阔叶林最低;阔叶林表层土壤中络氨酸和胱氨酸含量最高.深层土壤中各组分氨基酸除赖氨酸之外均以针叶林中含量最低,针阔叶混交林次之,而阔叶林中含量最高.