成分对垃圾飞灰熔融过程重金属迁移的影响

熔融处理可以有效控制垃圾焚烧飞灰中的重金属污染 ,飞灰成分对重金属的迁移特性有重要影响 ,研究了飞灰成分和碱度对 6种重金属迁移固化的影响规律。在自行设计的小型实验台上开展飞灰熔融实验 ,飞灰碱度在 0 .6～4 .6范围内变化。为评价多种重金属综合固化效果提出一个简明的评价模型。在 14 6 0℃、空气气氛下熔融处理时 ,加入Ca O后除了 Cd外各种重金属的固化率均下降 ,而加入 Si O2后多数金属固化率增加。存在一个临界碱度值可以实现重金属的最佳固化 ,实验得到的临界碱度在 1.0附近     

城市垃圾焚烧飞灰理化性质及处理技术

焚烧法处理城市垃圾已在世界先进发达国家广泛采用,而城市垃圾焚烧处理引起的二次污染问题已引起人们的高度关注,特别是垃圾焚烧飞灰的安全有效处置成为急需解决的环境和社会问题．通过分析垃圾焚烧飞灰的物理化学性质,对目前国内外城市垃圾焚烧飞灰处理技术进行了系统分析和讨论,归纳出目前国内垃圾焚烧飞灰处理的主要方式为安全填埋、固化稳定化和重金属提取,提出适合于中国垃圾焚烧飞灰无害化处理的途径和方式：开发先进的焚烧炉,加强对入炉垃圾的控制：研究稳定效果好、处理成本低的化学稳定剂以及有效的重金属分离提取方法,以减少垃圾焚烧飞灰中重金属造成的二次污染．     

医疗垃圾焚烧飞灰的水泥固化效果实验

为检验医疗垃圾焚烧飞灰的水泥固化处理效果,对不同飞灰/水泥配比下水泥固化体的凝结时间、抗压强度、重金属浸出毒性等特性方面进行了实验研究.结果表明:掺60%飞灰的水泥固化体终凝时间长达63 h,超出48 h的限值;掺40%飞灰、60%飞灰的水泥固化体7 d的抗压强度仅为0.187 MPa、0.16 MPa,未达到0.2 MPa的要求值;掺40%飞灰、60%飞灰的水泥固化体中Pb的渗沥浓度分别为5.634 mg/L、6.032 mg/L,均超过5 mg/L的限值.根据本实验结果,医疗垃圾焚烧飞灰水泥固化中水泥掺量宜在70%左右,若按照目前国内生活垃圾焚烧飞灰水泥固化工艺的配比(水泥掺量40%以下),各项固化指标均不能达到填埋要求.     

垃圾焚烧飞灰高温熔融二噁英零排放技术研发及应用

该文介绍了垃圾焚烧飞灰高温熔融二噁英零排放技术的研发及应用过程,提出一种飞灰高温熔融处理新工艺,将飞灰送入1350~1500℃的旋风炉内熔融处理,获得飞灰中二噁英分解率大于99.9%的优化条件。研究飞灰经高温熔融处理后,急冷熔渣及静电除尘器捕集灰中二噁英、重金属含量及其浸出毒性,探索飞灰经高温熔融后作为水泥原料和建筑材料的可行性,获得飞灰与煤粉的合理比例。     

城市垃圾焚烧飞灰的污染特性分析

城市垃圾焚烧处理以其具有明显的减量化、无菌化、资源化等优点,近年来得到了较广泛的应用.然而,垃圾焚烧后产生的飞灰中含有大量的水溶性盐分和重金属,如果处理处置不慎就会对环境产生二次污染.为合理有效的处理城市垃圾焚烧飞灰,并为其资源化利用提供科学依据,需对其中污染物的特性进行分析,本文研究了城市垃圾焚烧飞灰的粒径分布,pH值,水溶性盐分含量,不同粒径上重金属的含量及不同粒径上的重金属对总量的贡献率.结果表明:飞灰的粒径分布近似正态分布,80%以上颗粒集中在54～280 μm之间,粒径小于54μm和大于280μm的颗粒所占的质量分数都很少,还不足3%和15%;飞灰呈强碱性,pH值高达12以上;飞灰样品中水溶性盐分的含量较高,可达2%以上;易挥发性的重金属在飞灰不同粒径上的分布与粒径有一定的相关性,而半挥发和难挥发性重金属的分布与粒径的相关性不大;中等大小的颗粒对重金属总量的贡献率最大.     

垃圾焚烧厂飞灰处理技术研究现状与展望

随着我国垃圾焚烧处理厂建设的逐步推广，建成后的焚烧厂飞灰处理将是我们面临的一个重大问题。本文分析了目前国际上处理垃圾焚烧飞灰的各种方法，同时通过对比，提出了适合我国目前发展状况的垃圾焚烧飞灰处理技术，并着重论述了采用螯合加固化的飞灰稳定化处理工艺、设备及螯合剂的研究现状，并展望了我国未来垃圾焚烧飞灰处理技术的发展前景。     

垃圾焚烧飞灰双重固化全过程重金属浸出特征

高重金属含量垃圾焚烧飞灰经高温复合矿渣熔融重构,一次固化制备重构水淬渣,并将重构水淬渣复合水泥体系进行二次固化,采用TCLP法测试并分析垃圾焚烧飞灰双重固化全过程中重金属浸出特征。结果表明:垃圾焚烧飞灰中典型重金属Zn、Cu、Pb和Cr浸出的质量浓度分别高达1 686.00、321.85、10.17和29.96 mg·L-1;重构水淬渣颗粒越细,其重金属浸出质量浓度越高,但均低于固体废物浸出毒性鉴别标准,可安全用于建材行业;重构水淬渣-水泥净浆体系重金属浸出的质量浓度远远低于固体废物浸出毒性鉴别标准,重构水淬渣细度对该体系重金属浸出影响极小。     

垃圾焚烧飞灰固化市政污泥的渗透性研究

为了响应“双碳”政策，利用垃圾焚烧飞灰替代部分水泥固化市政污泥，采用电子固结仪改造的变水头渗透试验装置，分析不同飞灰替代率的固化污泥，在不同养护条件下的渗透性变化规律.研究结果表明：经过稳定化的垃圾焚烧飞灰，其颗粒形态以及表面微观孔隙为提高污泥的渗透性提供可能性；固化体的渗透系数维持在10^-6～10^-7cm/s的数量级范围内，且随着垃圾焚烧飞灰替代率的增加不断提高；由于飞灰遇水产生气体且可溶性盐易析出，固化体的渗透性在水下条件中受飞灰的影响较大.     

焚烧飞灰水泥固化体的安全性评价

通过城市生活垃圾焚烧飞灰水泥固化体中重金属的浸出毒性以及表面浸出毒性等研究 ,对焚烧飞灰水泥固化体的安全性进行了评价 .研究表明 ,水泥稳定固化焚烧飞灰的效果良好 ,焚烧飞灰水泥固化体在实际使用环境中 ,重金属浸出是一个非常缓慢的过程 ,其释放量远远低于国家标准规定值 ,而且 ,环境对微量有害物质还有包容和稀释的作用 ,因此焚烧飞灰水泥固化体不会对环境造成危害 .焚烧飞灰水泥固化体资源化利用是安全可行的 .     

生活垃圾焚烧飞灰重金属固化特性

针对生活垃圾焚烧飞灰中重金属元素(Cr、Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn)含量过高导致的飞灰资源化利用难及其环境污染风险问题,结合连续萃取实验(BCR)及超声波辅助水洗,探究重金属赋存形态对飞灰重金属元素固化特性的影响。研究结果表明：超声波辅助水洗对飞灰中重金属元素固化效果较好,其中Cd固化效果最佳(98.87%),Cu固化效果最差(80.14%)。水洗使飞灰中的可溶性氯盐(NaCl、KCl、CaClOH)发生重组,生成新的化合物(CuCl、硫酸钙水合物、CaSO₄)。水洗后飞灰中重金属元素的赋存形态发生改变,Cr的可移动态占比可达93%,Cd赋存形态总体变化不大,Cu的赋存状态由残渣态向可还原态转变,Pb酸溶态占比下降,Zn残渣态和可还原态占比明显上升。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-