中国赤眼蜂科二新种及一新纪录属新纪录种（膜翅目：小蜂总科）

记述了赤眼蜂科Ｔｒｉｃｈｏｇｒａｍｍａｔｉｄａｅ缨翅赤眼蜂属ＭｅｇａｐｈｒａｇｍａＴｉｍｂｅｌａｋｅ和寡索赤眼蜂属ＯｌｉｇｏｓｉｔａＷａｌ中二新种；异索缨翅赤眼蜂Ｍｅｇａｐｈｒａｇｍａ ａｎｏｍａｌｉｆｕｎｉｃｕｌｉ，ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．和黑翅寡索赤蜂Ｃｈａｅｔｏｓｔｒｉｃｈｅｌｌａ ｐｕｎｇｅｎｓ（Ｍａｙｒ）模式标本存于沈阳农业大学，纪录种：彭根多毛赤蜂Ｃｈａｅｔｏｓｔｒｉｃｈｅｌｌａ ｐｕｎｇｅｎｓ     

几种化学因子对三种赤眼蜂离体酚氧化酶活性的影响

为比较不同赤眼蜂酚氧化酶(PO)活性的大小,明确赤眼蜂种间免疫防御能力强弱,本研究通过研磨、离心提取松毛虫赤眼蜂Trichogramma dendrolimi、螟黄赤眼蜂T.chilonis、玉米螟赤眼蜂T.ostriniae匀浆液,首次测定了几种化学因子(Ca2+、昆布多糖、纤维素、右旋糖酐、脂多糖和丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂)对3种供试赤眼蜂匀浆液中酚氧化酶原激活系统(proPO-AS)的激活程度。结果表明:玉米螟赤眼蜂匀浆液PO活性最高,螟黄赤眼蜂次之,松毛虫赤眼蜂最低。Ca2+是激活供试赤眼蜂proPO的必需因子,且在0.03mol/L浓度下激活作用最强;昆布多糖和脂多糖也能有效激活proPO,0.01及0.05mg/mL昆布多糖能强烈激活PO活性;纤维素和右旋糖酐对PO活性存在显著抑制作用。结果证明了赤眼蜂种间存在明显的免疫能力差异。本研究建立了小型昆虫proPO-AS研究体系,为研究Wolbachia-小型昆虫的免疫互作体系奠定了基础。     

松毛虫赤眼蜂(Trichogramma dendrolimi)和玉米螟赤眼蜂(T.ostriniae)雌性触角的扫描电镜观察

用扫描电镜观察了松毛虫赤眼蜂和玉米螟赤眼蜂的雌性触角,得到两种蜂触角上的感受器各有九种。发现分布在棒节腹面“探索区”的i型感器数目和形状在两种蜂之间有明显差异,因此具有鉴定种类的价值。用光学显微镜也能分辨出这种感器。本文详细描述了各种感器的细微结构和形态特征。     

戊唑醇对天敌赤眼蜂急性毒性评价

评价戊唑醇对天敌赤眼蜂急性毒性的风险性。在指形管中加入定量的供试药液,将药液在指形管中充分滚吸直至晾干制成药膜管,然后将供试赤眼蜂放入药膜管中爬行1h后转入无药指形管中,饲喂10%蜂蜜水,并封紧管口,对照组的成蜂数量与处理组相同,对照组与处理组同时进行,在转入无药指形管中24h后检查并记录管中死亡和存活蜂数。采用概率单位图解法对正式试验的药液配置浓度与供试玉米螟赤眼蜂死亡情况进行统计分析,戊唑醇对玉米螟赤眼蜂的毒性为高风险性。     

利用松毛虫赤眼蜂防治蕃茄地棉铃虫试验

本试验是为探求松毛虫赤眼蜂在蕃茄地防治棉铃虫的可能性及其效果。通过试验表明:在放蜂区,松毛虫赤眼蜂对棉铃虫卵的寄生率平均为82.3%;蕃茄果实被害率压低到1.60%——2.83%以下。绝对防治效果为70.76%——82.68%,利用松毛虫赤眼蜂防治蕃茄地棉铃虫效果良好。     

新疆赤眼蜂、缨小蜂研究初报

本文根据近几年采自新疆各地的赤眼蜂科标本约1200号,缨小蜂科标本约3000号,经初步制片研究,已鉴定出新疆地区的赤眼蜂科资源15属,缨小蜂科资源12属,除了赤眼蜂属Trichogramma Westwood在新疆地区过去曾有记载外,其余赤眼蜂、缨小蜂各属资源都是首次发现。为方便进一步调查这两类寄生蜂资源,特将新疆已知的15属赤眼蜂和12属缨小蜂的主要鉴别特征以检索表形式简报如下。     

新疆寄生棉铃虫的赤眼蜂种系筛选和对温湿度反应的研究

赤眼蜂是棉铃虫卵的主要天敌 ,但自然种群数量很低 ,需人工繁蜂释放到田间 ,方可达到助益控害的目的。由于新疆地处内陆 ,干旱少雨 ,加上实行高密度矮化的独特栽培模式 ,使田间小气候以高温低湿为特点。所以 ,筛选适合当地气候特点的赤眼蜂种 (品系 )就成为工厂化繁蜂的首要任务。对此 ,我们对新疆棉铃虫赤眼蜂进行了种系筛选和赤眼蜂对温湿度反应的比较研究。对寄生新疆棉铃虫的暗黑赤眼蜂 (Trichogramma pintoi)和广赤眼蜂 (T.evanescens) 2个蜂种的 6个地理品系 (4个采自新疆棉铃虫 ,2个从乌孜别克斯坦引进 )进行了寄主选择性测定。当同时面临棉铃虫卵和米蛾卵时 ,根据接触卵次数和寄生量等特性 ,暗黑赤眼蜂乌兹别克 II品系对棉铃虫卵表现很强的选择性 ,其次是暗黑赤眼蜂库尔勒品系 ,其余品系对棉铃虫卵的选择性不明显或对米蛾卵表现强选择性。对采自新疆棉铃虫的 2个暗黑赤眼蜂地理品系和 1个广赤眼蜂品系以及从乌孜别克斯坦引进的 2个暗黑赤眼蜂地理品系进行了对温湿度反应的比较研究。各赤眼蜂种 (系 )后代性比之间的差异受温湿度组合的影响较小。同一种系中 ,雌蜂倾向于在较高温度下产更多的卵 ,达到更高的寄生率 ,但性比 (雄 /雌 )随温度升高而增大。在高温 (35℃ )低湿 (45 % )条件下 ,暗黑赤     

释放松毛虫赤眼蜂控制苏北地区杨树舟蛾的防效

笔者进行了林间释放松毛虫赤眼蜂防治杨树舟蛾类害虫卵的试验研究。结果表明:在两种密度下释放赤眼蜂均能有效达到控制杨树舟蛾类危害的目的,使林间赤眼蜂寄生舟蛾卵的寄生率显著提高;以释放赤眼蜂40 000头/667 m2防治处理的舟蛾卵粒寄生率(60%以上)显著高于20 000头/667 m2处理的寄生率(40%)。在3个杨树品种(107杨、46杨、2025杨)的林地内释放松毛虫赤眼蜂,各处理下叶片受害率较对照处理分别由31.84%、41.23%和29.73%降到3.01%、2.42%和4.22%,且差异显著,3个杨树品种林间无显著差异;各处理舟蛾卵粒寄生率与对照相比由10.52%、8.86%和9.36%分别显著提高至69.41%、45.54%和70.7%,3个杨树品种间存在显著差异。在舟蛾卵期利用松毛虫赤眼蜂和蛹期利用白蛾周氏啮小蜂混合防治杨树舟蛾的防效(31.31%)显著优于单种释放的防效(赤眼蜂16.38%,白蛾周氏啮小蜂14.37%)。     

冀鲁豫三省赤眼蜂科和缨小蜂科的分属检索表(膜翅目:小蜂总科)

通过检查采自我国河北、山东、河南三省部分地区的赤眼蜂科Trichogrammatidae和缨小蜂科Mymaridae 标本共6000多号,重点研究了其中已制片的500多号标本,鉴定出该地区赤跟蜂科17属、缨小蜂科19属.除赤眼蜂属Trichogramma Westwood、寡索赤眼蜂属Oligosita,Walker和邻赤眼蜂属Paracentrobia Howar外,其余各属均为该地区首次报道.分别编制了该地区赤眼蜂科和缨小蜂科已知属的分属检索表,为进一步的调查和研究提供基础资料.     

庄河县赤眼蜂自然资源调查及赤眼蜂的选育和应用试验

庄河县赤眼蜂自然资源调查在党的领导下,我市农业有关部门的重视,几年来应用赤眼蜂治虫工作取得了很大的进展。过去我市各地繁蜂多从外地引入蜂种,因此,迫切要求摸清我市赤眼蜂的自然资源情况,以便解决每年所需蜂种,以及确定不同防治对象选育和应用蜂种作根据。我们从76年开始在庄河县设点,摸清庄河县赤眼蜂的自然资源。参加这一工作的还有庄河县农科所,庄河     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to