光电薄膜材料FeS2(黄铁矿)的研制

研究了用电沉积法制作太阳能电池薄膜材料.分别用三种含铁元素和硫元素的水溶液淀积FeS2薄膜,将所得的样品在N2氛围中退火,退火温度分别为400℃和500℃.结果表明,从FeSO4*7H2O+Na2S2O3*5H2O水溶液得到的薄膜中含FeS2的衍射峰比从其它两种水溶液得到的薄膜中含FeS2的衍射峰多而明;退火温度为400℃比500℃更合适;另外,为防止薄膜氧化,在真空中干燥效果最佳.     

磁控溅射法制备Er2O3薄膜及其力学性能研究

金属表面纳米化可以明显改善材料表面力学性能,并能对原子的热扩散起到促进作用,本文尝试采用材料表面纳米化技术改善316L不锈钢金属基底与Er₂O₃薄膜相结合的力学性能.对316L不锈钢采用超音速微粒轰击法处理使得基体表面纳米化,之后采用磁控溅射法在表面纳米化和粗晶粒的316L不锈钢基体上沉积Er₂O₃薄膜并进行500℃和700℃的退火.发现薄膜在500℃退火时相结构基本保持稳定,在700℃退火时Er₂O₃薄膜发生明显的单斜相向立方相的转变.利用采用X射线衍射（XRD）、场发射扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和纳米划痕测试对薄膜和基底的结合性能评价.结果表明,700℃退火后的薄膜的要比500℃退火后的薄膜表面裂纹更少,更平整,且证得基底纳米化会使膜基结合性能得到提高.     

退火工艺对SiN膜及SiO2/SiN双层膜钝化特性的影响

针对硅太阳电池的背表面钝化,研究了在多晶硅P型衬底上SiN膜及SiO2/SiN双层膜的热稳定性及在不同温度下两种膜的退火特性.通过准稳态光电导衰减法测试其少数载流子寿命,发现SiN膜比较适合于在500℃以内的温度下进行常规炉热退火,而SiO2/SiN双层膜则比较适合在600~700℃之间的温度下进行常规炉热退火.对SiN膜进行链式炉热退火实验表明,低温(700~850℃)条件下表面钝化效果最好.     

掺氮TiO_(2-x)N_x薄膜可见光激发光催化特性研究

采用反应磁控溅射法在玻璃基片上制备N掺杂TiO2-xNx薄膜和纯TiO2薄膜,对两种薄膜样品分别进行了300、400和500℃的退火处理,测试它们可见光激发光催化特性.在经过5 h降解苯酚的实验发现:经过同种温度退火处理的N掺杂TiO2-xNx薄膜比纯TiO2薄膜的可见光激发光催化降解苯酚效果要好,其中N掺杂TiO2-xNx薄膜经过400℃退火处理得到锐钛矿相薄膜对苯酚的降解率最高,达到50.4%,而纯TiO2薄膜经过400℃退火处理得到的同样是锐钛矿薄膜对苯酚的降解率仅37.8%.     

Fe掺杂对TiO_2薄膜材料晶体结构转变的影响

应用直流磁控溅射方法并结合原位退火工艺,在普通玻璃基片上制备了不同Fe掺杂的TiO2薄膜,沉积过程中保持基底温度300℃.实验结果表明,退火氛围及Fe的掺杂量对TiO2薄膜的结晶状态、微结构及形貌都有很大影响.真空中500℃下退火0.5 h的Fe-TiO2薄膜样品表现为非晶态结构,而空气中500℃下退火0.5 h的该样品则结晶状态良好;随着Fe掺杂量的增加,TiO2薄膜样品逐渐由锐钛矿相向金红石相转变.     

退火对Pb_(0.925)Ba_(0.075)Nb_2O_6-0.5wt.%TiO_2压电陶瓷结构及电学性能的影响

采用传统固相法制备了Pb0.925Ba0.075Nb2O6-0.5wt.%TiO2(PBN-T)压电陶瓷,并详细研究了退火对PBN-T陶瓷的结构、介电及压电性能的影响规律。实验中选取退火温度为500~800℃,退火时间为12~168h,退火气氛为空气中无额外Pb2+源、空气中含额外Pb2+源及氮气中含额外Pb2+源。结果表明:陶瓷的电学性能与退火参数密切相关,在600℃、氮气中含额外Pb2+源气氛下退火73h的陶瓷试样具有较佳性能,其居里温度为523℃,室温下压电常数为85pC/N,极化试样经500℃热处理后仍具有较高的压电常数82pC/N。     

65Cr4W3Mo2VNb钢马氏体和析出相电镜分析

本文应用JEM-100CX Ⅱ透射电子显微镜研究了65Cr4W3Mo2VNb钢退火,不同温度淬火和回火的高倍微观形貌与相结构,讨论了合金组织和性能的关系。 一、实 验 方 法1.试验用钢及热处理 经化学分析确定,试验用钢成分为:碳0.65%,铬4.13%,钨3.32%,钼1.94%,钒0.97%,铌0.26%,硅0.25%,锰0.19%,磷0.009%,硫0.007%. 纲材在1150—1170℃加热,1100℃始锻,锻后埋沙缓冷。球化退火工艺为:860±10℃保温3h,炉冷至740±10℃等温6h,炉冷到500℃后出炉空冷,退火硬度为HB217.2.电镜样品制备 试验样品用电火花机床切割厚度为200—500μm的薄片,机械减薄至70—10…     

Er2O3薄膜的电学性质研究

Er2O3是一种很有希望的高κ材料。在氧气氛下热蒸发金属铒源，制备了Er2O3的薄膜，随后在氧气氛下对它进行了退火。通过对其C—V及I—V特性的测试，认为该材料的电学特性优秀，应该进行进一步的研究。     

BiFeO_3-BaTiO_3颗粒膜的光电特性

利用磁控溅射方法在单晶n型Si(100)片上生长了BiFeO_3-BaTiO_3颗粒薄膜,研究了BiFeO_3-BaTiO_3颗粒膜在不同退火温度下的光电特性.实验结果表明,随着退火温度的升高,样品的光伏效应和光电导效应逐渐变大,这应该来源于BiFeO_3与BaTiO_3晶粒尺寸随退火温度增加而增加的特性.在400℃, 500℃和600℃退火的样品的光伏电压分别为90, 240和250 mV,其光电流与暗电流比率分别为28, 50和126.所有样品均具有良好的铁电性,在光照(光强20 mW/cm~2的白炽灯)条件下, 600℃退火样品的铁电电滞回线相比无光照时发生了明显的变化,样品的饱和电极化强度增大了2.3倍. BiFeO_3-BaTiO_3颗粒膜材料除了有显著的光伏效应和光电导效应外,光对它的铁电特性也有显著的调控作用.这可能对该材料在光电性能领域的应用有一定的促进作用.     

退火对TiO2和Ta2O5光学薄膜的结构和光学性质的影响

将反应磁控溅射制备的二氧化钛和五氧化二钽薄膜在温度400℃的条件下退火处理.利用X射线衍射、原子力显微镜和分光光度计等设备对退火后薄膜的结构、表面形貌和光学性质进行研究.实验表明:退火后的T iO2薄膜为多晶结构,薄膜的表面粗糙度、折射率和消光系数都出现增大现象.然而,对于退火后的T a2O5薄膜,它的结构还是非晶态,薄膜的表面粗糙度比退火前小;同时折射率和消光系数均有减小.这些结果说明薄膜退火后的特性与薄膜材料的内部结构及结晶转变温度等有密切相关.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.