暖体假人裸体试验研究

暖体假人是研究服装舒适性的一个重要设备,表面空气隔热值是评价其性能的主要指标之一.通过对暖体假人多组裸体试验结果的分析,讨论了假人试验设备的测试精确度、重复精度及其影响因素,得出环境温度与空气隔热值之间的关系.     

新型出汗假人"Walter"与"一步法"测量原理

新型假人“Walte”是一个用水和特种织物设计制造的出汗暖体假人系统，其内部采用水循环系统模拟人体的血液循环系统来实现人体的发热和温度分布特性，采用微孔膜复合织物模拟皮肤来实现人体皮肤的出汗特征。因其具有独特的结构和工作原理，实现了无任何假设条件的“一步法”测量方式来测量服装的两大热舒适性指标：热阻和湿阻。实验证明该系统设计是成功的，工作是可靠的。     

应用暖体假人测试服装热阻

服装热工性能的实验研究在国外开展得较早也较深入，研究手段也是多种多样．近年来暖体假人已开始用于成套服装的热工性能研究．文中探讨了在国内应用暖体假人的途径和方法，分析了暖体假人用于服装热阻测试的原理和相关条件，指出用暖体假人测试服装热阻是一种可靠而简便的方法．     

基于暖体假人实验的防刺服热阻和湿阻研究

为有效提高防护服装舒适性、降低人员体力消耗、加快人体防护装备研制与开发,开展了利用出汗暖体假人测量防刺服在不同环境下的热阻与湿阻特性的研究.根据国际标准,假人只适用于常温环境下服装的热阻和湿阻测量.对原有热阻模型进行修正,结合热电偶测量方法以及暖体假人测量技术,实现高温下防刺服热阻和湿阻测量.在温、湿度可控制的气候室内,设置不同环境工况,获得两套防刺服的热阻和湿阻特性,比较了不同防刺基板材料对防刺服热阻和湿阻的影响,以及防刺服不同部位热阻和湿阻的差异.实验结果表明,防刺服热阻随着温度升高而降低;而湿阻随着环境温度升高而增大,随着湿度增加而减少.      

暖体假人内部热损失率的试验研究

通过对暖体假人热平衡原理的阐述及散热影响因素的分析,提出产热率可作为评价暖体假人性能的一个综合指标,而由假人内部与表层温度差产生的内部热损失率是假人总体散热率中不可忽略的一部分。通过对一定条件下人体和假人散热率的计算、比较,得出内部热损失率与温度的关系式和暖体假人产热率的计算补偿方程。     

暖休假人试验技术在航天领域的应用

通过对航天服隔热值的测试,分析了航天服隔热值的测试结果及其影响因素,并指出用暖体假人试验技术评价航天服热学性能是一种可靠而简便的方法.     

人工气候室内呼出气溶胶颗粒物分布的实验研究

实验研究了全尺寸人工气候室内,置换通风条件下,人体呼出气溶胶颗粒物在室内竖直、水平方向的分布以及人员暴露情况.采用一套气溶胶发生系统产生近似人体呼出粒径范围的多分散颗粒物,采用高精度的气溶胶光谱仪测量室内颗粒物的分布,采用一个具有呼吸功能的暖体假人以及一个自行研制的暖体假人来模拟真实人体.结果发现,在距离发生源较近的位置,颗粒物在呼吸区高度有"自锁现象"发生;而在远离发生源的位置,颗粒物沿高度方向呈现下低上高的两区分布.人体对颗粒物的暴露量与人体距离发生源的位置有关,人体周围上升的热羽流有助于减小人体对颗粒物的暴露量.     

着装方式对服装隔热性作用规律的研究

利用姿态可调式暖体假人研究了着装姿势对服装隔热性的作用和影响规律。研究指出边界静止空气层的隔热值Ia与暖体假人的测试姿势无关，着装姿势影响服装的隔热保暖性能并从传热学角度分析了原因。     

智能发热户外防寒服装研制与性能评价

服装的构成方式会对其防寒性能产生影响。根据户外冷环境的防护要求,研制了新型的多层户外防寒服套装,包括防水外套、抓绒内胆、防寒裤,采用智能电加热装置提高户外防寒服装的调温性能。通过暖体假人试验和真人试验分别评价防寒服装在两种状态下(加热和不加热)的保暖性能。暖体假人试验还探讨了两种风速(0.4和1.5m/s)对户外防寒服的冷防护性能的影响,结合真人试验表征的皮肤温度变化以及主观感受,从而评价所研制的智能发热户外服装的防寒性能。研究结果将为优化户外防寒服的设计提供科学依据。     

矿用应急降温服降温性能实验研究

介绍了矿用应急降温服的结构、降温原理及技术参数,并在矿井热环境模拟实验室利用暖体出汗假人、人体微气侯温度采集系统对其进行了降温性能实验研究。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

正~~     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to