聚氨酯／苯并恶嗪互穿聚合物网络的合成及表征

采用二步法，以部分交联的聚氨酯（PU）为聚合物，以双酚A型苯并-恶嗪（BA）为聚合物Ⅱ合成了聚氨酯/苯并恶嗪互穿聚合物网络（PU/BA IPN），对产物的性能进行了研究，同时应用升温红外对PU/BA IPN的聚合进行动态跟踪，结果表明，材料的热力学性能受体系结构形态的影响较大，而形态主要由聚合物1（即PU）的交联密度控制，体系的组成对形态影响呈非线性，体系中存在的活性官能团-氨基团对苯并恶嗪的开环聚合物有催化作用。     

聚氨酯/苯并(口恶)嗪互穿聚合物网络的合成及表征

采用二步法 ,以部分交联的聚氨酯 (PU)为聚合物 ,以双酚 A型苯并嗪 (BA)为聚合物 合成了聚氨酯 /苯并嗪互穿聚合物网络 (PU/BA IPN) ,对产物的性能进行了研究 ,同时应用升温红外对 PU/BA IPN的聚合进行动态跟踪 .结果表明 ,材料的热力学性能受体系结构形态的影响较大 .而形态主要由聚合物 (即 PU)的交联密度控制 ,体系的组成对形态影响呈非线性 .体系中存在的活性官能团——氨基团对苯并嗪的开环聚合有催化作用 .     

多组分LIPNs的制备及相容性和阻尼性能

采用两步法合成了一系列多组分乳液IPN。借用动态粘弹谱仪研究体系组成、网络Ⅰ与网络Ⅱ的配比、交联剂的品种和用量对LIPNs体系相容性和阻尼性能的影响。结果表明：LIPNs的相容性和阻尼性能对体系组成、网络配比、交联剂种类及用量均非常敏感。当网络Ⅰ为MMA／EMA=70／30，网络Ⅱ为EA／nBA=50／50，网络Ⅰ／网络Ⅱ为P（MMA-EMA）／P（EA-nBA）=40／60时，体系的相容性及阻尼性能最佳。     

丁基橡胶/聚(苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯)互穿聚合物网络的结构与阻尼性能

为提高材料的阻尼性能,采用分步方法,以丁基橡胶(IIR)为聚合物网络Ⅰ,聚(苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯)[P(St-MMA)]为聚合物网络Ⅱ,制备了丁基橡胶/聚(苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯)互穿聚合物网络[IIR/P(St-MMA)IPN].采用红外光谱、动态力学分析等检测手段研究了反应时间、IIR/P(St-MMA)质量比、交联剂用量、丙烯酸丁酯(BMA)的含量等因素对IPN材料阻尼性能的影响.实验结果表明:适量极性单体的加入有利于提高IPN的阻尼性能;添加交联剂和单体BMA可明显提高IPN的阻尼性能.     

丁羟聚氨酯/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯 IPN 的结构与性能

通过动态力学性能和力学性能测试对丁羟聚氨酯／聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯[PU(HPB)／PMMA]IPN体系的各种合成条件进行筛选。结果表明,在IPN的两网络间引入交联能显著地改善两网络的相容性。     

混合扩链剂对聚氨酯弹性体氢键和阻尼性能的影响

针对纯3,3′-二氯-4,4′-二氨基二苯甲烷（MOCA）扩链制备的2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯（TDI）型聚氨酯（PU）弹性体阻尼性能欠佳的问题,采用MOCA/聚四氢呋喃醚二醇（PTMG）混合扩链剂,通过预聚体法制备不同扩链剂比例的PTMG-TDI型PU弹性体. 分别采用FTIR、DSC、DMA测试发现：随着混合扩链剂中PTMG1000（Mn为1 000）比例增加,PU的氢键化指数降低,软硬段的微观相分离程度下降,硬段微晶的熔融温度和熔融焓随之减小,损耗因子增大. 当MOCA与PTMG1000的摩尔比为85 15时,PU硬度为85 A,拉伸强度、撕裂强度分别为33.1 MPa和70.5 kN/m,与纯MOCA制备的PU相比,硬度下降5 A,力学强度保持在较高值,损耗因子tan δ增加,制备的金属轮毂/PU复合滚轮达到耐久性检测标准,运行噪声降低3 dB.     

双酚A型聚苯并口恶嗪的动态力学行为与交联网络结构

以碳纤维为增强体，在较宽的温度范围内（50～350℃），对不同固化条件下的双酚A型聚苯并 口恶 嗪进行动态力学分析（DMA），研究其高温松弛行为。tanδ温度谱上多个峰的出现，表明双酚A型聚苯并口恶嗪有多重高温松弛行为。原子力显微镜用来研究聚苯并口恶嗪浇注体弯曲断面的微观形貌，结果表明：双酚A型聚苯并口恶嗪的交联网络为非均相结构，高模量的“致密相”分散在低模量的“疏松相”中。聚苯并口恶嗪的多重松弛行为与其微观非均相结构相关。低官能度苯并口恶嗪的加入有利于化学交联的高模量致密相的形成，使聚合物的α₃松弛峰高降低。     

MDI对聚氨酯／聚乳酸热塑性弹性体的增容作用

以生物材料聚乳酸（PLA）、聚氨酯（PU）弹性体为原料,4,4’-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯（MDI）为增容剂,制备了共混型热塑性弹性体（PU／PLA TPV）;研究了MDI对PU／PLA TPV性能的影响。结果显示：MDI能明显提高PU／PLA TPV力学强度,当MDI用量为7份时（PU100,PLA60,DCP3,SA1,均为质量份）,PU／PLA TPV综合性能最佳;MDI可改善PU／PLA TPV耐热性能,并且提高PU的玻璃化转变温度;通过SEM观察,增加MDI用量,PU／PLA TPV试样的断面表现出“脆-韧”转变;通过FTIR分析,MDI上的异氰酸根与PLA的羟基能够发生化学键合反应,使PLA与PU之间的界面张力减小,PU与PLA的相容性提高。     

PMMA/PnBA乳胶IPN体系的研究

本文用乳液聚合方法合成了聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)和聚丙烯酸丁酯(PnBA)的乳胶互穿聚合物网络(IPNs)。动态力学分析结果表明:这种乳胶IPN具有半相容性;组成和填料量影响该乳胶IPN的阻尼性能。论文还讨论了组成对其它性能的影响。     

胆甾醇液晶复合膜的制备及血液相容性研究

模仿生物膜的表面结构形态,将有序的、流动的介晶基团引入到聚合物材料聚氨酯（PU）中,制成胆甾醇液晶／PU复合膜,作为抗凝血生物材料．利用偏光显微镜观察复合膜的表面形貌特征,并通过溶血率测试、动态凝血试验及血小板黏附试验探究液晶／PU复合膜的血液相溶性．实验结果表明：在聚合物基材中加入流动的、有序的胆甾醇液晶可使复合材料表面呈现有液晶微区的有序结构特征,膜材料中的这种有序结构使复合膜的抗凝血性能得到明显改善,液晶／PU复合膜血液相容性的改善程度与液晶的组成及复合膜中液晶的含量相关．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the