载荷共享并联系统疲劳累积损伤可靠性模型

针对存在载荷传递、分担的并联系统,传统的并联系统可靠性模型已不适用.为了有效处理载荷共享并联系统的可靠性问题,首先分析了并联系统的相关失效,并分步计算并联系统可靠度,应用全概率公式和Miner理论对并联系统进行了疲劳累积损伤可靠性建模.其次,运用Monte Carlo方法对零件寿命服从Weibull分布的并联系统可靠度进行了模拟计算,同时对零件寿命服从对数正态分布的并联系统可靠度显式计算公式进行了推导.建立了变应力作用下并联系统疲劳累积损伤可靠性模型.     

实况下机械零件的动态可靠性分析

考虑不同工况下载荷变化和强度退化对机械零件可靠性的影响,采用雨流计数法对工况载荷进行统计处理,运用Goodman直线修正法与线性积累损伤法则估计出零件的疲劳寿命.在此基础上,利用等时间段内最大载荷替代载荷变化,Gamma过程模拟强度随机退化的方法来建立渐变可靠性数学模型,最后由随机摄动理论和四阶矩法相结合推导出可靠性灵敏度的表达式.以采煤机扭矩轴为例,估算出扭矩轴在实际载荷下的疲劳寿命,给出各参数变量在疲劳寿命内动态可靠性灵敏度变化规律,分析了参数变量改变对扭矩轴可靠性的影响,并用Monte Carlo仿真进行了验证,结果表明所采用的动态可靠性分析过程符合实际工况,能够为实况下机械零件的动态可靠性分析提供一种方法.     

基于响应面和MCMC的齿轮接触疲劳可靠性

针对齿轮接触失效,建立带有安装与制造误差的齿轮参数化模型,通过大变形显式动力学仿真软件来模拟齿面动态接触应力.然后,根据应力-强度干涉模型,建立齿轮响应面状态函数.为了提高齿轮响应面功能函数的拟合精度,提出了一种基于响应面和Markov chain Monte Carlo(MCMC)的可靠性分析方法,并进行可靠性灵敏度分析,以定量概率反映安装误差、制造误差及外载荷等随机因素对齿轮传动可靠性的影响程度.最后,将Monte Carlo模拟100 000次的计算结果与所提方法的结果进行比较,验证了可靠性分析方法的正确性.     

超高压管道的疲劳损伤研究

通过将超高压管道在疲劳载荷作用下的损伤归结为无初始应力集中的大范围疲劳损伤问题,根据应变疲劳的破坏机制,以应变幅为损伤变量,建立了损伤演化方程,利用虚功原理得到了超高压管道疲劳裂纹萌生寿命计算模型,探讨了交变内压作用下模型参数的计算问题.模型不仅考虑了材料的疲劳特性,同时考虑了管道结构和载荷作用情况,当退化为简单试件的疲劳寿命计算式时,能很好地拟合3种常用超高压容器用钢30CrN iMo8、ANSI4340H和G4335V的疲劳试验数据.     

随机载荷下风电叶片疲劳寿命及可靠性试验评估

为对随机载荷作用下风电叶片的疲劳寿命及可靠性进行预测与评估,首先基于Miner累积损伤理论及全概率公式,推导出随机载荷作用下风电叶片的疲劳寿命预测模型;然后根据寿命等效原则(即随机载荷下的疲劳寿命与恒幅载荷下的疲劳寿命相等)提出了随机载荷下风电叶片疲劳可靠性评估的等效应力试验法;最后通过风电叶片复合材料的疲劳试验数据对本文方法的有效性进行验证.结果表明:本文方法能够有效预测与评估风电叶片复合材料的疲劳寿命及可靠性,为随机载荷作用下风电叶片的疲劳寿命预测及可靠性试验评估提供理论依据.     

疲劳剩余寿命分布的当量关系及可靠性计算方法

疲劳剩余寿命分布的当量关系及可靠性计算方法谢里阳，林文强通过大量试验分析了两级载荷作用下疲劳寿命分布参数的变化规律，研究了非恒惕循环载有下的疲劳强度可靠性问题的特点及计算方法．与传统的只是根据＂失效概率等效＂计算各载荷水平下的当量载荷循环数的疲劳可靠...     

基于改进裂纹扩展模型的船舶焊接结构疲劳寿命可靠性预报

摘要： 结合考虑应力比的改进Paris公式,推导焊接结构疲劳极限状态方程.采用数值积分方法求解疲劳裂纹扩展寿命,结合Monte Carlo模拟方法给出了船舶结构疲劳寿命可靠性预报的流程,并对某大型集装箱船甲板进行了疲劳寿命可靠性预报,讨论了各参数对预报结果的影响.结果显示,采用数值积分方法的计算结果与cycle-by-cycle方法的计算结果差别较小,而计算速度相比于cycle-by-cycle方法有显著提高.此外,改进Paris公式的应用可以减小预报结果的变异系数,初始裂纹尺寸对疲劳寿命及可靠性影响显著,最终裂纹尺寸则影响不大.文中所述数值积分方法和可靠性预报流程可为工程结构快速进行疲劳裂纹扩展寿命计算或疲劳寿命可靠性预报提供参考.     

车削颤振时变可靠性分析

考虑车削加工过程中刀具磨损对切削力系数的影响,用Gamma过程描述了切削力系数随时间的变化过程,并建立了车削颤振时变可靠性模型.提出了主动学习的Kriging模型与基于首次超越的子集模拟相结合的时变可靠性分析方法(AK-SSFP).对某一车床建立车削颤振稳定性模型,分别采用Monte Carlo方法(MCS)、基于主动学习Kriging的Monte Carlo方法(AK-MCS)和AK-SSFP方法计算车削颤振时变可靠度.AK-SSFP方法的结果与MCS方法的结果一致性很好,且AK-SSFP方法减少了真实极限函数的调用次数并缩短了运算时间.AK-SSFP在保证精度的同时提高了计算效率,解决了车削加工系统颤振时变可靠度的计算问题.     

基于动载荷谱的齿轮弯曲疲劳寿命预测

为了探讨齿轮弯曲疲劳寿命计算问题,将齿轮疲劳总寿命分为两个阶段,即疲劳裂纹萌生寿命和裂纹扩展寿命.通过ADAMS软件仿真实验齿轮的工作情况,使其接近真实状况,得到齿轮载荷谱.根据齿轮载荷谱,利用有限元ANSYS软件分析在齿轮齿根危险截面处的最大应力.采用断裂力学、雨流法和Miner疲劳损伤累积模型,对考虑动载荷情况下的齿轮弯曲疲劳寿命进行预测,推导了齿根裂纹萌生期和扩展期的疲劳寿命计算公式.在高频疲劳试验机上对算例齿轮进行了双齿脉动加载齿根弯曲疲劳寿命实验研究,理论计算结果与实验结果基本吻合,验证了本文理论分析的正确性.     

基于动载荷谱的齿轮弯曲疲劳寿命预测

为了探讨齿轮弯曲疲劳寿命计算问题,将齿轮疲劳总寿命分为两个阶段,即疲劳裂纹萌生寿命和裂纹扩展寿命。通过 ADAMS 软件仿真实验齿轮的工作情况,使其接近真实状况,得到齿轮载荷谱。根据齿轮载荷谱,利用有限元ANSYS 软件分析在齿轮齿根危险截面处的最大应力。采用断裂力学、雨流法和 Miner 疲劳损伤累积模型,对考虑动载荷情况下的齿轮弯曲疲劳寿命进行预测,推导了齿根裂纹萌生期和扩展期的疲劳寿命计算公式。在高频疲劳试验机上对算例齿轮进行了双齿脉动加载齿根弯曲疲劳寿命实验研究,理论计算结果与实验结果基本吻合,验证了本文理论分析的正确性。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.