太阳辐射对混凝土箱梁温度效应的影响

介绍了影响混凝土结构温度效应的太阳辐射强度和太阳辐射吸收系数的一般特性.利用有限元程序进行混凝土简支箱梁的温度效应计算,分析了太阳辐射吸收系数对梁的跨中挠度变化幅度、轴向变形变化幅度以及梁内最大拉应变的影响,并给出了相应的等效温差.根据混凝土表面性状的不同,太阳辐射吸收系数在0.4~0.8之间变化.计算结果表明,太阳辐射吸收系数的变化对混凝土箱梁结构的温度变形影响明显.在工程中建议采取在混凝土表面刷浅色涂层、采用整体式定型钢模板等措施减小温度效应.     

钢-混凝土梁试件的温度分布与温度荷载分析

采用控制容积法来建立钢-混凝土混合梁试件(以下简称“钢-混凝土试件”)温度分布的离散化方程。对钢-混凝土试件在夏季太阳辐射和外气温度变化时的内部温度变化过程进行了数值计算，得到了温度变化规律和分布情况：随着气温和太阳辐射的不断变化，钢-混凝土试件内各点的温度变化趋势近似于余弦曲线，内部温度分布与其所处方位、表面朝向以及太阳辐射强度有很大的关系。指出对青藏线上铁路桥梁结构的温度荷载将产生不利影响问题应予以高度重视。     

沉积温度对纳米ZrN涂层结构及性能的影响

利用磁控溅射方法通过改变沉积温度(Ts)制备一系列纳米ZrN涂层.采用X射线衍射、扫描电镜及CSM纳米力学综合测试系统表征了纳米ZrN涂层的物相结构、截面形貌及综合力学性能,系统研究了沉积温度对纳米ZrN涂层结构及性能的影响.实验结果表明:随着沉积温度的增加,涂层择优取向由(111)变为(200),而在600 ℃时结晶度很低;涂层择优取向的变化是由涂层沉积过程中原子迁移能力和不同取向表面能的差异所决定的.纳米ZrN涂层在Ts=450 ℃及以下温度区间为柱状结构,并随沉积温度增加柱状晶逐渐变宽,在Ts=600 ℃时,由于生长方式的改变使涂层变为非柱状等轴结构.纳米ZrN涂层的硬度在Ts=450 ℃及以下温度区间没有明显变化,但在Ts=600 ℃时,由于涂层结晶度以及位错密度降低导致涂层硬度下降.随沉积温度的增加,涂层与基体间结合力先减小后增大.纳米ZrN涂层的磨损率由硬度和膜基结合力共同作用决定.     

高硬度涂层磨削温度场的数值仿真和实验研究

采用数值仿真和实验研究相结合的方法,分析了WC-Co高硬度涂层磨削温度场.以矩形移动热源理论为基础,结合实验加工条件和工件材料性质,通过合理的假设简化,建立了金刚石杯形砂轮磨削WC-Co高硬度涂层材料的温度场数学模型,利用有限元方法对磨削温度场进行了数值仿真,提出了涂层磨削温度的实验测量方法并对涂层表面磨削温度进行了实验研究.实验结果与仿真结果基本一致,表明所提出的高硬度涂层温度场数值仿真和实验研究方法能比较真实地反映WC-Co涂层材料在磨削过程中的温度变化情况.     

等离子喷涂ZrO28Y2O3和NiCrAlY表面激光散射实验研究

针对两种等离子热喷涂涂层ZrO2 8Y2 O3和NiCrAlY (金属基底 )的不同粗糙表面的实验样品进行了激光空间散射场实验研究 .采用了He Ne激光光源 (波长λ =6 33.0nm ;激光功率P =2mW ) .将激光束倾斜一定角度直接照射到实验样品上 ,在不同散射角和不同散射空间距离位置上用面阵CCD传感器探测空间散射光场分布 .实验结果表明 :不同散射方向的空间散射光场分布是不一样的 ,从而为进一步利用光学方法测量热喷涂涂层工业参数 ,诸如涂层厚度 ,表面形态等提供了一定的实验依据     

多弧离子镀制备TiN涂层的高温氧化行为分析

利用多弧离子镀技术沉积TiN涂层,并在空气中对该涂层进行了500~680℃范围内的氧化实验.通过SEM与XRD技术分析了实验制备的TiN涂层及其氧化产物的结构形貌,结果表明:多弧离子镀技术所沉积的TiN涂层表面较为粗糙,存在大量颗粒与凹坑;TiN涂层在空气中的氧化产物为TiO2,550℃时存在较轻程度的氧化行为,随着温度的升高,氧化作用加剧,在温度为650℃时TiN涂层氧化程度加深,但剥落并不明显,当温度超过650℃达到680℃,TiN涂层完全氧化,部分区域因为应力作用而发生严重剥落.     

表面活性剂与PTFE涂层结构对润湿性的影响

以粗糙的超疏水聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)涂层为基体,研究表面活性剂的加入对溶液在粗糙PTFE涂层表面润湿性的影响.利用粗糙PTFE涂层表面Cassie方程计算和原子力显微镜(AFM)对表面活性剂分子在涂层表面的形貌进行表征.结果表明,在低表面张力范围内表面活性剂溶液不能润湿粗糙的超疏水PTFE涂层,而具有相似表面张力的有机溶剂可以润湿涂层表面.表面活性剂溶液与粗糙PTFE涂层表面接触时的空气分率始终维持在0.5以上,溶液不能完全进入PTFE粗糙结构,这点是导致低表面张力的表面活性剂溶液在粗糙PTFE涂层上不能润湿的原因.     

65Mn钢的光谱发射率研究

在800～1 100 K的温度范围内,采用单波长测温方法,利用自行研制的实验装置,在空气中测量研究了16个不同温度下65Mn钢的光谱发射率随测量时间的变化情况.研究结果表明光谱发射率的共振与65Mn钢的表面氧化情况密切相关.由表面氧化导致光谱发射率的不确定性为5.7%～14.6%,相应的温度误差为6.2～11.1 K.通过建模拟合,同时也得到了光谱发射率随加热时间变化的解析表达式,模拟计算结果与实验结果符合较好.     

聚氨酯多孔涂层制备与表征

利用相转变原理以及湿相浇铸法制备聚氨酯致密和多孔涂层.观察结果表明多孔样品的表面形貌如孔径等主要受质量分数和空气相对湿度的影响.为测试聚氨酯涂层的性能,将样品在Hank's模拟体液中进行浸泡实验,并且对不同样品的亲水/疏水性以及血液相容性进行检测.结果表明在相转变过程中聚氨酯多孔涂层的孔径变化规则有序,并且孔径变化范围为1～30 μm.在Hank's模拟体液中浸泡3个月之后,聚氨酯多孔涂层表面基本没有变化并且涂层没有从基体表面脱落.接触角测量结果表明多孔涂层表面呈强疏水性.此外聚氨酯多孔涂层的血小板粘附量最少,并且延长了抗凝血时间,说明其具有良好的血液相容性.     

航空发动机叶片表面热障涂层温度分布的仿真分析

采用有限元固体热传导仿真模型分析航空发动机导向叶片表面热障涂层(TBC)的温度特性;采用工程实验的通用模型,输入因变量(Input)→仿真模型和边界条件(Process)→输出变量(Output),进行热障涂层的实验设计;比较了几种热涂层材料(如ZrO2系列TBC)的隔热性能,分析了不同的基底与TBC厚度下隔热性能的变化情况.同时,通过计算机仿真方法探讨了国内外相关文献中的TBC隔热效果的差异性.结果表明,温度边界条件对于准确估算TBC的隔热效果至关重要.在对比TBC的隔热性能时,需对测温环境进行标定.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.