基于最小化信息损失的用户隐私保护方法

在新兴电子商务发展过程中,对用户数据的收集、使用、开放与共享达到了前所未有的程度,给个人隐私安全带来了极大挑战.为了解决数据效用与个人隐私之间的矛盾,本文提出基于k-匿名原则的最小化信息损失隐私保护方法.首先结合属性阈值特征提出一种新的记录排序算法;接着将隐私保护过程转化为对各条记录与各个候选匿名函数之间的最优分配问题,构建最小化信息损失的优化模型,并设计启发式方法快速求解最优匿名函数的选择与分配方案,实现对数据的匿名处理.在三个不同规模的真实数据集上,通过与目前最有效的多个隐私保护方法进行数值实验比较.结果表明本文方法在满足相同隐私保护水平下可产生最佳的数据效用且具有较快的计算效率.本文方法为新兴电子商务中用户数据隐私保护研究提供了理论和技术上的创新,为大规模数据的隐私保护应用提供了有效的解决方案.     

影响个人在线提供隐私信息意愿的实证研究

个人信息是个性化网络服务的主要依据, 然而各种网络风险使得用户心存疑虑, 拒绝提供个人信息或提供虚假信息. 为此, 从个人、网站和情境三方面的因素着手, 以已有研究成果为基础, 建立一个影响个人在线提供信息隐私意愿的模型, 并采用结构方程模型对理论模型和研究假设进行实证分析. 研究结果表明: 个人网络隐私顾虑会负向影响个人信息提供意愿, 而其信任倾向则通过影响用户对网站的信任进而对用户提供信息隐私意愿产生积极作用. 网站良好的声誉及网站安全控制和隐私政策在很大程度上通过建立用户信任进一步正向影响用户个人信息提供意愿. 此外, 用户提供个人信息隐私的意愿还受到用户对网站的有用性感知和信息敏感度的影响. 研究结果可以帮助网站制定更好的网站注册流程和顾客信息收集策略等, 从而更好地获得顾客的个人信息.     

Online Automatic Marking of Diagrams

This article describes the way in which the Open University is expanding its online quiz engine to enable students to draw free-form diagrams in response to a quiz question. The new quiz engine automatically marks a student’s diagram and provides feedback either instantaneously when used in formative mode or later when used in summative mode. The new quiz engine is hosted within the Open University’s quiz module, OpenMark, which interfaces to the Moodle VLE which is responsible for rendering both the question and the feedback in the user’s browser. The article outlines the general nature of the diagrams that our system has been designed to deal with. This is followed by an example of the use of the new question type as implemented within our e-assessment system. The article also briefly summarizes the results of experiments carried out on the accuracy of the automatic marker and reports on feedback from students who have used the new diagramming question type.     

反映式与构成式测量模型的差异：基于TAM的实证研究

测量模型的选择是实证研究过程中的重要环节，区分反映式测量模型和构成式测量模型是正确构建管理理论的基础.在分析反映式和构成式两种测量模型差异的基础上，以技术采纳模型为例，通过对7次共1951份实际调查数据的分析，利用偏最小二乘法的结构方程模型，实证比较了两种测量模型在不同的样本规模、不同的研究情境和不同调查时间下外部效度和对内生潜变量解释能力上的差异.研究结果表明反映式测量模型具有稳定的外部效度，构成式测量模型的外部效度受到样本规模、研究情境和调查时间的影响；在因变量解释能力方面，构成式测量模型比反映式测量模型强的假设没有得到支持，即使当构成式测量模型误设为反映式测量模型时，其因变量解释能力也不一定显著增强.     

The Measure Method of Complaint Theme Influence in View of Netizens' Emotional Resonance

On the social network platform, complaints about the public policy formulation and implementation issues arise largely. Through the information aggregation, frequent interaction, word-of-mouth and emotional resonance on online social network, these information will lead to the outbreak of the network complaints. It brings difficulties and challenges in public management. China is under a period of social transformation, and there are various problems and contradictions. Emergency can easily arouse group complaints on online network, and it will lead to network public opinion through inducing social emotional resonance, which is harmful to social security and stability. This paper has built the evaluation index system from four dimensions with complaint text's quality, transmission timeliness, user interaction degree and emotional resonance excited by emergency. Then, we establish the dynamic influence measure model of online netizens complaint theme based on an entropy weight model. The measure model is proved to be reasonable and effective by the empirical research of Sina Weibo data. The model can effectively solve the measure problem of group complaints influence when the emergencies arouse social emotional resonance. It has important theoretical significance and practical value for public policy decision-maker on listening to online group complaints, understanding public opinion, and making public policy.     

基于ACP方法的复杂社会网络营销系统研究

ACP方法由人工系统(artificial system)、计算实验(computational experiment)和平行执行(parallel execution)组成,能够提供复杂系统的有效解决方案.网络营销作为电子商务系统的重要组成,由于网络消费者数量巨大、社会关系复杂,通过有效的社会网络营销系统设计,实现社会网络营销有效性的提升至关重要.鉴于此,本文采用ACP方法,结合社会网络营销特点,通过构建社会网络营销信息传播模型与Agent行为建模,实现人工系统与实际系统的连接;以实际网络消费数据与企业生命周期理论为依据,确定各组实验的参数;利用计算实验对提高社会网络营销有效性的策略予以检验.试验结果显示:在初创期、成长期、成熟期电商企业增加社会网络营销强度,能够提高消费者对信息的接受率以及营销信息影响力;进入衰退期的电商企业,营销强度的增加并不一定能够提高社会网络营销的有效性.     

Improving End User Behaviour in Password Utilization: An Action Research Initiative

This paper is about the design and implementation of techniques and strategies to improve end user behavior in the utilization of passwords within a formal setting. The researchers were requested to investigate the issues inherent in the password management and utilization procedure within the client organization and thereby improve end user behavior in utilization of passwords within the organization. The researchers completed an action research study and successfully implemented a training program to improve system users’ behavior related to passwords. They used a unique approach by designing training for creating passwords to fit with theories pertaining to human memory. In addition, the researchers also created and delivered security awareness training. The end users of the target information systems reported that after training they were able to use strong passwords (A strong password in our organization is one that has 15 characters with at least two numbers and one symbol) without writing them down. Requests to the help desk for password resets decreased. Users also reported that they are much more aware of security threats.

Application of Quality of Experience in Networked Services: Review,Trend & Perspectives

Over the last decade, there has been an exponential growth of services over the Internet. Services such as online gaming are gaining popularity, whereas, Voice over Internet (VoIP) has been well established. Storage, management and processing of data have moved away from the devices to the cloud. Quality of experience (QoE) defined as the user’s perception of service quality is utilized in different technologies, services and products for improving end user satisfaction and provides quality of service (QoS) according to their demands. In this paper, we describe the utilization of QoE in different technologies, services and products for improving end user satisfaction. Specifically, we present the latest developments in QoE in multimedia services, network management, VoIP, web development, games and cloud computing. Finally, we discuss the current research, solutions and present open issues of future research in QoE.

     

基于Vague集理论的推荐系统中用户兴趣度的描述

用户兴趣度的描述是推荐输入研究中的重点问题,论文通过对用户兴趣描述中存在的复杂性和不确定性因素的分析,提出借助Vague集理论解决这一问题难点的思路.论文定义用户评分,用户注册信息,分享,购买,收藏,浏览时间等六项指标反映用户的兴趣爱好,采用Vague集方法得到了六项指标的取值,利用线性加权的方法得到任一用户对任一属性的Vague兴趣度描述.论文的研究在不确定理论研究推荐算法方面奠定了理论基础,同时也为Vague集理论的研究发现了新的应用背景.     

An Holistic Approach to the Management of Information Systems Development—A View Using a Soft Systems Approach and Multiple Viewpoints

This paper argues that only a systems-based approach to information systems development is likely to cover all the recognized problem issues reported in the literature. It is then shown that software development can be characterized by the structure of the Soft Systems Methodology, so that this methodology acts as a metaphor for the process of information systems development. The structure of this methodology can be seen at lower levels of the development process, and so the model generated here is seen as recursive. Further, information systems development is seen as an unstructured business problem that can be characterized by the Multiple Viewpoint approach. The connections between this approach and the methodology are identified. Finally, the unifying link between these approaches and all forms of action research is identified.     

Bridging Worlds: Information Systems Development Through Cross-Cultural Comparison

This paper reports a case study where soft systems methodology (SSM) was used to help automate a largely manual administrative (examination) information system in a Pakistani university. Various design suggestions for information system improvements, both administrative and IT-supported were made (and implemented) through comparison with another university in Denmark which is well supported by computer systems. An action design research approach with an interpretative epistemology/ontology was adopted. Though the single comparison experience is difficult to generalise, we conclude that SSM (with some adaptations) can enable a socio-technical comparison and design effort and offer a prototype process. The comparison stimulates forward-looking design, but great care must be taken to accommodate cultural differences, and further research is necessary to integrate more sophisticated cultural analysis tools into the design process. The research extends SSM in information system development??from a single situational analysis to a comparative process and can be adapted as a pattern for practitioners with similar automation needs.     

在线租赁问题的随机性竞争策略

在线算法与竞争分析是研究信息不确定决策问题的一种新工具,应用该方法研究在线租赁问题是近年来国内外的一个研究热点.在前人研究基础上,采用博弈论中Nash均衡的混和策略思想并运用竞争分析理论中常用的敌手分析法,针对离线人具有遗忘性竞争对手的特点首先讨论了不存在市场利率情形下在线租赁决策的随机性竞争策略,指出在线人在有限维策略空间内(其维数为设备购买价格与设备租赁费用的比值)必定存在着最优的随机性Nash混和竞争策略,随后将该结果进一步扩展到了存在市场利率情形时的随机性Nash混和竞争策略.另外,通过数值对比分析,发现市场利率的引入使得策略的竞争性能得到显著改善,并且随着市场利率的增大其随机性Nash混和竞争策略的竞争比越小,即投资者若考虑到资金的收益及市场风险因素后将会采取更加谨慎稳健的投资策略.     

The Participation Imperative in Co-operative Inquiry: Personal Reflections of an Initiating Researcher

Participation has become an imperative in international development. In particular, participatory approaches to development research are believed to support empowerment through collective development of knowledge and action. Yet there are broad interpretations of participation, ranging from passive participation and information exchange to empowered participation through self-mobilisation. As such, development researchers may claim to use a participatory approach without yielding power and agency to citizens involved in the research. This is a reflexive article about a development researcher’s experience in applying a participatory worldview through co-operative inquiry, a research approach that attempts to engage emancipatory forms of participation. The article begins with a critical analysis of literature regarding participation, the participatory paradigm and participation in the co-operative inquiry. The author then analyses her personal experiences, challenges and strategies as initiating researcher to actualise empowering forms of participation in three co-operative inquiries. The article emphasises that researchers must “let go” of their power, control and personal agenda to support empowering participation.     

一种基于场景建模的个性化健康提醒方法

随着互联网、物联网技术的不断发展，智能健康管理方法被越来越多的用户推崇和使用。在智能健康管理的过程中，依据用户个人状态和周围环境信息，智能地生成与之相符的健康管理提醒，将极大地提升提醒与用户之间的匹配度，实现全景式、个性化的健康管理。提出一种将用户个人状态和周围环境抽象为用户场景模型，建立场景库和健康管理规则库，实现场景触发规则，生成健康提醒功能的研究方法。采用领域本体建模的方法，对包含用户个人状态和周围环境的用户场景，健康管理规则和健康提醒进行建模，按照实际情形并结合生活常识对用户场景本体模型进行实例化，构建场景库和规则库。在场景库和规则库的基础上，以用户特定一天可能面临的所有场景为例，按照场景触发推理规则，生成健康管理提醒的逻辑生成提醒。最终，在场景本体模型的基础上，设计并开发健康管理提醒生成系统，实现场景数据获取、存储，以及健康提醒生成的功能。     

A partial robust optimization approach to inventory management for the offline-to-online problem under different selling prices

This study examines an optimal inventory strategy when a retailer markets a product at different selling prices through a dual-channel supply chain, comprising an online channel and an offline channel. Using the operating pattern of the offline-to-online (O2O) business model, we develop a partial robust optimization (PRO) model. Then, we provide a closed-form solution when only the mean and standard deviation of the online channel demand distribution is known and the offline channel demand follows a uniform distribution (partial robust). Specifically, owing to the good structural properties of the solution, we obtain a heuristic ordering formula for the general distribution case (i.e., the offline channel demand follows a general distribution). In addition, a series of numerical experiments prove the rationality of our conjecture. Moreover, after comparing our solution with other possible policies, we conclude that the PRO approach improves the performance of incorporating the internet into an existing supply chain and, thus, is able to adjust the level of conservativeness of the solution. Finally, in a degenerated situation, we compare our PRO approach with a combination of information approach. The results show that the PRO approach has more “robust” performance. As a result, a reasonable trade-off between robustness and performance is achieved.     

基于水军信任惩罚的多维用户影响力度量模型

社交网络用户影响力度量是意见领袖识别的必要前提,然而目前的度量模型忽略了多维影响因素以及水军群体对度量模型真实性的影响.为此本文从网络结构、交互行为和交互信息三个维度来分析整合相关的影响因素,基于LeaderRank模型构建多维用户影响力度量-MUI模型,并在水军识别的基础上构建信任惩罚模型,以修正MUI模型建立MUISTP模型,实现社交网络用户影响力的真实性度量.以新浪微博平台大规模实际数据进行实验分析结果表明,与FBI,LeaderRank和Generative Graphical模型相比,MUI模型识别出的意见领袖更为准确,且可以实现更为有效的信息扩散.此外,经过水军信任惩罚后MUISTP模型较MUI能够实现更为有效的意见领袖识别.     

一种基于用户聚类的协同过滤推荐算法

为解决传统协同过滤算法在生成推荐时的速度瓶颈问题,提出了一种基于用户聚类的协同过滤推荐算法。该算法将推荐过程分成了离线和在线两个部分。离线时,算法对基本用户数据进行预处理,并对基本用户聚类;在线时,算法利用已有的用户聚类寻找目标用户最近邻居,并产生推荐。实验表明,基于用户聚类的协同过滤推荐算法不仅加快了推荐生成速度,而且提高了推荐质量。     

协同过滤推荐算法研究: 考虑在线评论情感倾向

协同过滤推荐算法通常是基于兴趣相似的用户行为来实现个性化推荐, 其核心义用户之间的兴趣相似度. 本文在传统的协同过滤推荐算法基础上, 考虑在线评论对用似度识别的影响. 在混合商品推荐中, 粗粒度识别评论情感极性; 而在同类商品推荐中, 细粒别每个商品特征的情感极性. 如果用户对产品的某个特征评价次数大于平均次数, 表明用户对征较关注; 如果对产品的某个特征评价低于平均评价, 表明用户对该特征较挑剔. 进而根据用户评论来建立用户偏好模型, 用户在评论中反映出来的相似度越高, 表明用户之间的偏好越. 实验表明, 同传统的协同过滤算法相比, 基于在线评论情感分析的用户协同过滤算法在率和召回率指标上有显著提升.     

Structure Underlies Other Organizational Determinants of Mental Health: Recent Results Confirm Early Sociotechnical Systems Research

Workplaces are implicated in the current global epidemic of mental illness. This paper presents early results from an action research project designed to investigate and prevent mental illness at work. It treats the organization as an open sociotechnical system where mental health is measured by self report and the affects experienced at work. Sick days are also measured. The study finds that the second genotypical, organizational design principle creates enabling conditions for mental health, many of which enablers such as trust and equality have previously been hypothesized as determinants of mental health. But the enablers are themselves consequent to a design principle. The results show how the second design principle creates the jointly optimized sociotechnical system that leads to enablers and positive outcomes, for people and the bottom line. This research reinforces the conclusion from the first study of sociotechnical systems that structure is a determinant of mental health.