发酵水稻秸秆产酸复合菌群的筛选与评价

 为开发秸秆发酵生产有机挥发酸的微生物种子资源和研究材料,以牛粪、猪粪堆肥、玉米地土壤、腐木以及猪粪堆肥和腐木混合物为接种物,通过传代富集培养,选育到发酵水稻秸秆产酸性能相对稳定的5个复合菌群,即FM_c、FM_d、FM_s、FM_w和FM_(d+w).经测试,FM_w具有最高的秸秆降解能力,其秸秆降解率可达46.4%;菌群FM_(d+w)发酵秸秆的总酸和丁酸比产率最高,分别为0.64和0.48g/g;发酵秸秆产乙酸能力以菌群FM_d最为突出,其乙酸比产率为0.35g/g.5个复合菌群均缺乏酸性纤维素酶活性,极大限制了秸秆降解率和产酸率,需要进一步的耐酸驯化和培养条件优化.     

纤维素分解复合菌生物预处理秸秆优越性研究

通过驯化得来一组酶活较高较稳定的纤维素分解复合菌,使用该组复合菌和高效黄绿木霉分别预处理秸秆后再进行两相厌氧发酵。其中复合菌处理的实验组产气量比未处理组高33.3%,比木霉处理组高41.9%,甲烷转化率可达47.6%。实验结果表明,复合菌实际生产中有广阔前景。     

一组常温纤维素分解菌稳定复合系的创建及其功能

从自然降解、腐烂的天然纤维素材料中分离、筛选获得生长速度快、透明圈较大、性状稳定的纤维素单菌23株。经纤维素分解力测定、回筛,获得一组由14株高效稳定纤维素分解菌组成的常温纤维素分解菌稳定复合系。该复合系常温下96 h内对麦秆粉的总分解力高达40.7%。     

愈创木酚与复合碳源共降解对黄孢原毛平革菌产酶的影响

通过正交实验法,研究愈创木酚与复合碳源共降解对黄孢原毛平革菌产酶的影响,同时探讨不同分子结构对酶催化机制的影响。实验结果表明:同时添加愈创木酚及不同结构的碳源对该菌产酶有显著影响,高浓度的愈创木酚对产酶有明显的促进作用;在培养基中添加愈创木酚2 mmol/L、葡萄糖2.5 g/L和糊精5 g/L,可以显著提高黄孢原毛平革菌的综合产酶能力;黄孢原毛平革菌可以分泌纤维素酶和木聚糖酶,而且二者之间有较好的线性正相关关系。     

一株苯胺降解菌的筛选及其特性研究

通过驯化培养,从废水中分离出一株高效苯胺降解菌6#菌株.经鉴定,该菌为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas),可在苯胺浓度低于5000×10-3g/mL的基础培养基上生长.6#菌株利用苯胺的最适温度为30℃,最适pH为7.0,该菌株还可以利用对氨基苯甲酸,但不能利用其他取代类苯胺化合物,该菌株在模拟工业废水中亦有较强的降解作用.     

嗜蜡菌R的代谢特性及其摄取烷烃的机理研究

利用石蜡为惟一碳源从辽河油田油水样品中驯化筛选出一株强降解固体石蜡的菌R,初步鉴定为脲芽孢八叠球菌(Sporosarcina urea Kluyver and Niel).该菌发酵液具有较强的排油活性及稳定的乳化能力,可使油水界面张力降低55.9%,其胞外生物表面活性剂被确定为阴离子型的水溶性产物.对其胞外脂肪酸进行了GC/MS的定性分析,确定其主要为十四酸、十六酸和十八酸.对该菌在水溶性不同的底物中培养,发现其细胞表面疏水性具有调适作用,推测该菌摄取烷烃的模式不是单一的.     

新疆罗布泊周边胀果甘草内生芽孢杆菌BLG-542产碱性纤维素酶最佳条件的研究

文章以罗布泊胀果甘草中分离出的78个菌株中初步筛选出7株产碱性纤维素酶的菌株为研究对象,进行产碱性纤维素酶最佳优化条件的研究.碱性的胀果甘草内生芽孢杆菌菌株接种于CMC-Na为碳源,复合蛋白胨为氮源的培养基中,分析研究菌株产碱性纤维素酶的最佳条件优化.通过从78株本实验室于2006年保藏的罗布泊胀果甘草内生菌中筛选出能产生胞外碱性纤维素酶的7株菌,其中酶活力最高的菌株为BLG-542.本研究主要以酶活力最高的菌株BLG-542为出发菌株进行研究.经过对产酶条件优化,获得了胀果甘草内生菌产碱性纤维素酶最佳配方培养基:D-木糖10g/L,复合蛋白胨10g/L,可溶性淀粉10g/L,酵母粉5g/L,K2 HPO4 1g/L,MgSO4 0.2g/L,NaCl 20g/L,Na2CO3 10g/L;实验产酶最佳接种量为6％,最佳培养温度为37℃,最佳培养时间为48h,产酶最佳PH为9.0;菌种生长最佳PH为7.6,经过优化产酶条件纤维素酶活力从优化前的3.8U/mL提高到6.26 U/mL,是优化之前的1.8倍;该研究表明特殊生态环境的植物内生菌与次生代谢产物、活性物质、酶类有密切的关系,环境除对内生菌酶的产生极其活性影响外,还影响着内生菌的次生代谢.该地区植物内生菌均有潜在的应用价值.     

摇瓶培养条件下桑木层孔菌不同培养期多糖含量动态积累规律研究

采用滤纸片法测定菌丝体生物量以及苯酚-硫酸法测定不同培养期的桑木层孔菌多糖含量和发酵液中残糖含量,研究了摇瓶培养条件下不同培养期的桑木层孔菌多糖含量的动态积累规律.结果表明,桑木层孔菌在摇瓶中培养12d时,获得的菌丝体最多,干重达13.580g/L;培养8d时得到最多的胞外、胞内多糖,含量分别达4.585g/L和32.465mg/g;培养到12d时发酵液中残余糖量最少,为4.744g/L.该实验为进一步研究和开发利用桑木层孔菌多糖奠定了实验基础和科学依据.     

煤气厂含酚废水优势降解菌的驯化和分离

为了获得处理煤气厂含酚废水的高效菌株，以煤气厂废水处理设施的活性污泥为菌源，驯化、培养、筛选出3种降酚能力较强的菌株GPS-1、GPS-2、GPS-3。经初步鉴定，这3种菌株为假单胞菌属（Pscudomonas.sp）。通过降酚对比性试验，在500、1000、1500和2000mg/L时，GPS-1菌的降酚率比GPS-2和GPS-3菌的降酚率要高，为所选优势菌株。     

构菌营养生理的研究

测定了5株构菌(绒火菇[Flammulina velutipes])在木屑麦麸基物上生长过程中,基物中有机质及木质纤维素的降解和几种胞外多糖分解酶活性的变化。结果表明,构菌能够分解纤维素和半纤维素。但在栽培条件下构菌分解纤维素和半纤维素的能力很弱,木质素几乎不被降解利用。故利用锯末—麦麸培养基栽培构菌时,麦麸是构菌的主要营养源(碳源和氮源)。另外不同菌株分解基物中有机质的能力也不同。 构菌的木聚糖酶、羧甲基纤维素酶和淀粉酶活性均较高,该三种酶活性存在于构菌整个生长周期。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.