信阳地区常见食用菌重金属含量的测定及安全性评价

对信阳地区市售鲜食用菌香菇、黑木耳、银耳样品中的铅、镉、汞、砷含量进行检测,并结合国家卫生质量标准(GB7096-2014)及食用菌行业标准(NY 749-2012)对被测食用菌的重金属含量进行安全评价。结果表明,信阳地区市售食用菌的重金属含量总体上是安全的。     

我国食用菌发展的新趋势

一、向多种配套方向发展。在一个地区,以一种食用菌为主,将多种食用菌进行配套栽培,进行周年生产供应。就目前来看,应大力发展香菇、黑木耳、金针菇、草菇,稳定银耳、蘑菇的栽培规模。     

河南的牛肝菌目资源研究（I）

据对河南山区各地野外采集的大型真菌标本进行整理和鉴定，境内生长分布的牛肝菌目的种类有６科１１属２４种。其中食用菌１８种，药用菌８种，毒菌５种。本文描述的种类分属于松塔牛肝菌科，圆孔牛肝菌科、绒盖牛肝菌科及牛肝菌科。     

河南的牛肝菌目资源研究（Ⅰ）

据对河南山区各地野外采集的大型真菌标本进行整理和鉴定，境内生长分布的牛肝菌目的种类有６科１１属２４种。其中食用菌１８种，药用菌８种，毒菌５种。本文描述的种类分属于松塔牛肝菌科、圆孔牛肝菌科、绒盖牛肝菌科及牛肝菌科。     

福建省已知食用菌初步名录

福建省由于气候温和,雨量充沛,林木资源丰富,食用菌种类繁多,是我国人工栽培食用菌最早最多的省份之一。目前福建省四菇(蘑菇、香菇、草菇、凤尾菇)三耳(银耳、黑木耳、毛木耳)一茯苓的人工栽培遍及城乡山村,成为城乡极重要的副业门路之一。为了更好地开发利用我省野生食用菌的资源,根据华东地区六省一市食用菌科研协作会议的精神,由各省市科委负责组织有关单位,对本省的食用菌资源进行一次普查,并提出合理开发利用     

河南的牛肝菌目资源研究（Ⅱ）

据对河南山区各地野外采集的大型直人菌标本进行事理和鉴定，境内生长分布的牛肝菌目的种类有６科１１属２４种。其中食用菌１８种，药用菌８种，毒菌５种。本文继续描述牛肝菌目的牛肝菌科、桩菇科及铆钉菇科的一些资源种类。     

厦门及周边地区产10种食用菌的脂类研究

对厦门及周边地区产的黑木耳、鲍鱼菇、平菇、香菇、草菇、茶树菇、鸡腿菇、金针菇、蘑菇和姬松茸(子实体和菌丝体)的10种食用菌样品中的脂肪进行了测定，并采用气相色谱方法分析了样品中的脂肪酸组成及其含量．测定结果表明：这些食用菌的粗脂肪含量在1％-5％之间，其中姬松茸子实体最高(约5．4％)，最低者为黑木耳(约0．7％)．脂类中共有10种脂肪酸组成得到了确认，但在含量及饱和脂肪酸与不饱和脂肪酸比值上存在着较大的差别．其中又以棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸和亚油酸等为主要脂肪酸，其余的则明显较少．这些为从不同角度探讨对上述食用菌的利用提供了实验依据．     

刺芹侧耳与常见食用菌中营养成分的比较

测定了刺芹侧耳干品中多种营养成分的含量。并与香菇、银耳和黑木耳等常见食用菌干品的营养成分作了比较。其中的灰分(无机盐)含量和蛋白质合量较高，甘露醇、游离氨基酸含量也较丰富，而脂肪含量和总糖含量较低。因此特别适合老年人食用。     

调整食用菌产业结构转向开发高新珍稀菌蕈

一、转向依据与背景近年来我国食用菌产业异军突起,发展迅猛,全国食用菌年产量已超过４００万ｔ,出口创汇５亿多美元,蘑菇罐头出口量达１４万ｔ,居世界首位,香菇、黑木耳、银耳、猴头菇、竹荪等产量均居世界第一,食用菌年产值３０多亿元,涌现了食用菌年产值“亿元县”２５个,有２０００多万人从事食用菌生产加工和流通,形成了独立的经济优势和突出的支柱产业。但应当看到另一面的是：食用菌产业结构不合理,一些品种无限度发展,供过于求,特别是南方的香菇,自１９９８年全国第三次香菇专业会议之后,迅速形成“南菇北移”,挺进…     

四川省螺髻山地区食用牛肝菌资源与高档野生食用菌的可持续发展

本文对四川省螺髻山地区食用牛肝菌资源进行调查,统计出食用牛肝菌十四种,并编制成检索表,对高档野生食用菌资源所面临的问题,有针对性地提出保护建议和对策,可供有关部门参考。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-