MgAl_2O_4透明陶瓷微观组织和光学性能的研究

采用高温焙烧法合成MgAl2O4纳米粉体,使用放电等离子烧结(SPS)技术制备了MgAl2O4透明陶瓷,系统研究了SPS工艺参数对MgAl2O4透明陶瓷致密度、晶粒尺寸和光学性能的影响.结合扫描电镜SEM,UV-Vis和FT-IR等手段对透明陶瓷的显微结构和光学性能进行了表征.实验结果表明:随升温速度、保温时间和烧结压力的变化,陶瓷的残留孔隙率、孔隙尺寸和晶粒尺寸分布随之改变,且显著影响透明陶瓷的光学性能.当烧结温度为1 325℃时,保温15min,采用13℃/min的升温速度,在1 100℃加压70MPa,获得的MgAl2O4透明陶瓷平均晶粒尺寸约为200nm,结构致密,直线透过率Tin,550和Tin,2 000分别为66%和80%.     

稀土氧化物对液相烧结碳化硅的影响

采用AIN-稀土氧化物系统烧结助剂,通过液相烧结制备了碳化硅陶瓷．研究了不同稀土氧化物对烧结行为、烧结体显微结构和力学性能的影响．结果表明：Nd2O3-A1N,La2O3-A1N系统烧结失重较大,无法达到完全致密．Y203-A1N或AIN-Nd203-Y2O3,A1N-La203-Y20。系统可以在较低的温度下实现致密化;所有样品的晶粒细小,尺寸为1-2μm,无异常长大现象;在烧结体中除有高温烧结液相之外,还形成了稀土硅铝酸盐新相;致密的碳化硅陶瓷烧结体不但具有高硬度,而且断裂韧性高达6-8MPa·m^1/2     

液相烧结六方氮化硼陶瓷

解决六方氮化硼陶瓷烧结致密化问题是提高陶瓷性能的主要途径,以六方氮化硼为基体材料,通过研磨工艺降低粉体粒度,然后以Al2O3、Y2O3和B2O3为添加剂,在N2气氛下,均匀升温到1700～1850℃无压烧结．通过分析烧结体的显微结构和物相表明,随Y2O3和Al2O3含量的增加,烧结体的致密度明显提高,相对理论密度为80％,弯曲强度上升到67．5MPa,并且B2O3作为一种烧结助剂可以有效地提高烧结体的致密度、降低材料的烧结温度．研究结果表明液相烧结六方氮化硼在实际应用上是可行的。     

Sialon陶瓷的常压烧结

在Si3N4,Al2O3,AlN和Y2O3混合料常压烧结过程中,由于过程反应生成SiO,CO,N2等气相物质和由于Si3N4原料在高温常压下分解压高,从而常压烧结致密化过程始终伴随着一个失重的塑致密化过程．为了解决这一问题,作者研究了填料成分、烧结温度、烧结时间等工艺条件对Sialon陶瓷常压烧结密度的影响,分析了烧结过程的物理化学机制和致密化机制．4种填料分别为Si3N4,Si3N4+SiO2,Si3N4+Al2O3+AlN和Si3N4+Al2O3+AlN+BN．被烧料典型配方为Si3N465%～70%,Al2O320%～25%,AlN10%,另加6%Y2O3．当填料成分为70%Si3N4+24%Al2O3+3%AlN+3%BN时,制得了相对密度达99%,抗弯强度达612.2MPa的常压烧结Sialon陶瓷．研究结果表明对于通式为Si6-ZAlZOZN8-Z的Sialon陶瓷,当Z=2时,其最佳烧结温度为1750℃,烧结时间为40min;Sialon的烧结过程是1个多因素控制的瞬时液相烧结过程．     

初始粉体状态对氧化铝/氧化锆纳米陶瓷烧结性能的影响

通过放电等离子体烧结(SPS),分别以纳米多晶粉体和非晶粉体作为原料制备了Al2O3-ZrO2纳米陶瓷复合材料,并研究了初始粉体状态对致密化过程和微观结构的影响。将纳米多晶粉体通过SPS烧结为致密的纳米块体,所需的最低烧结温度为1 400℃,所得产品的晶粒尺寸约为320nm;非晶粉体完全致密所需的SPS温度为1 200℃,所得产品的晶粒尺寸约为150nm。相比于纳米多晶粉体,非晶粉体可以在较低的温度下烧结成为致密纳米块体,我们将这一现象归结为非晶粉体在烧结中的相转变。这一发现为纳米陶瓷块体的低温烧结提供了新的思路。     

600碳化硅陶瓷的粉末注射成形及其导电特性

研究了碳化硅陶瓷的粉末注射成形工艺,分析了成形工艺及烧结助剂对其显微组织及力学性能的影响,探索了粉末注射成形碳化硅陶瓷的导电特性。以碳化硅为助剂的固相烧结温度为2100℃,脱脂坯烧结后具有最高的真实密度（3.12g/cm3）,相对密度达97.5%,烧结后试样由固相碳化硅组成,XRD及TEM能谱分析表明试样内部无残余氧化硅,制品晶粒平均尺寸小于1μm,室温弯曲强度达345MPa。采用直流电流电压测试方法,测定了粉末注射成形方法制得的SiC陶瓷在室温至800℃范围内的直流电导率。     

成型压力对GZO陶瓷靶材无压烧结致密化的影响

采用模压成型-无压烧结法制备Ga掺杂量为3wt%的氧化锌陶瓷靶材(ZnO∶Ga2O3=97∶3wt%).分析研究了成型压力对靶材致密度、物相组成、微观结构及烧结收缩变化率的影响.采用X射线衍射仪分析物相组成,扫描电镜观测烧结体断口形貌,用热膨胀仪分析试样烧结收缩曲线,阿基米德排水法测量试样密度.结果表明:成型压力对GZO靶材烧结时生成ZnGa2O4的固相反应有促进作用,并且当成型压力由120MPa提高到200MPa时,固相反应生成更多的ZnGa2O4尖晶石相导致GZO陶瓷烧结致密所需的温度也有所提高.成型压力为200MPa时靶材致密度最高,相对密度达93.54%TD.     

Al2O3基泡沫陶瓷烧结工艺的研究

采用了常压烧结工艺,考察适用于制备细孔径Al2O3基泡沫陶瓷过滤器的最佳烧结温度方法.通过对泡沫陶瓷烧结工艺的研究,得出最佳烧结温度为1 400℃,保温时间为3 h,可得到抗压强度为2.71 MPa的细孔径氧化铝基泡沫陶瓷过滤器.     

Al2O3/3Y-TZP复相陶瓷的液相烧结机理

以CaO-MgO-SiO2玻璃为烧结助剂,对液相烧结Al2O3/3Y-TZP(30%体积分数)复相陶瓷的致密化机理进行了研究.结果表明,适量的烧结助剂可以显著促进材料的致密化,液相烧结激活能为169 kJ/mol,表明扩散控制为其致密化机理.     

烧结温度对LaMgAl_（11）O_（19）-Al_2O_3复相陶瓷的致密度和显微形貌的影响

以自制LaMgAl11O19（LMA）片状晶和α-Al2O3粉体为原料,采用无压烧结工艺在不同温度（1500℃、1550℃、1600℃、1650℃）下制备了LMA-Al2O3复相陶瓷,研究了烧结温度对LMA-Al2O3复相陶瓷的体积密度和显微形貌的影响。结果表明,LMA-Al2O3复相陶瓷的体积密度随烧结温度的升高呈先降低后升高的变化趋势,当烧结温度为1650℃时可制备获得较为致密的LMA-Al2O3复相陶瓷,添加10wt%的LMA片状晶对LMA-Al2O3复相陶瓷的致密度没有明显影响,但LMA片状晶的加入能够起到使Al2O3晶粒细化的作用。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.