非调质钢中钛氧化物冶金行为

通过热力学计算及实验,研究了含钛汽车用非调质钢在液态和凝固过程中含钛夹杂物的析出规律.研究表明,通过调整非调质钢中O,Al和Ti的含量,可以控制夹杂的形态和尺寸,从而得到细小、弥散非金属夹杂物作为针状铁素体的形核核心,细化钢的组织,提高钢的强度和韧性.     

非调质钢中钛脱氧产物析出行为

从氧化物冶金的观点从发,利用扫描电镜和图像分析仪研究了非调质钢加钛脱氧后钢液中夹杂物的形貌、组成和尺寸分布以及孕育时间对夹杂的影响,并考察了加钛前后钢的组织变化.结果表明:钛的脱氧产物都可成为硫化锰夹杂的形核核心;此类夹杂物呈细小弥散析出,适当的孕育时间可使夹杂细化;加钛后,钢的组织细化.     

易切削钢中夹杂物及锡的形态

研制了一种新型含锡易切削钢.在锡含量小于0.05%(质量分数)时,钢材具有良好的易切削性能,其力学性能也达到了国家标准.在扫描电镜下观察了钢中夹杂物和断口的形貌,利用能谱分析了夹杂物的成分.结果表明,钢中的复合夹杂物主要由氧化物和Mns组成.多数呈球形或纺锤形,在断口及夹杂物的表面上锡明显偏析.     

VN微合金钢中Ti脱氧夹杂物诱导晶内铁素体析出行为

通过热力学计算及热态实验,研究了Ti脱氧VN微合金钢中,含Ti夹杂物析出行为及其诱导晶内铁素体析出行为.结果发现,夹杂物与铁素体、珠光体之间的相对位置关系存在六种形式,通过赋予这些形式不同的诱导能力系数,定量比较夹杂物类型、尺寸与诱导能力的关系.Ti的复合氧化物诱导能力最强,Al2O3最弱.Ti的复合氧化物诱导最佳尺寸4～6μm,其他夹杂物最佳尺寸为2～4μm.通过控制夹杂物种类、尺寸促进晶内铁素体析出,能够细化晶粒.     

基于氧化物冶金技术的钛/铝脱氧技术应用研究

通过实验分析了钛脱氧的钢液再采用铝终脱氧后钢中夹杂物的形态和成分,并研究了钢的组织形貌和力学性能.结果表明:Al质量分数为0.015%时,钢中仍然存在大量的Ti氧化物,Ti氧化物具有促进针状铁素体形核的能力,从而使组织得到细化,其冲击功比不加铝脱氧钢提高了33%,证明了铝终脱氧的可行性.     

Al-Ti-Mg复合脱氧对钢中夹杂物及组织的影响

通过采用Fe-50%Ti、Ni-16.7%Mg和Fe-70.74%Si等合金对工业纯铁脱氧,研究了Al-Ti-Mg复合脱氧低碳钢中夹杂物的类型和尺寸分布规律以及钢的铸态组织.实验结果表明:Ti处理比未加Ti处理试样夹杂物总量增加400mm-2,而且夹杂物明显细化;Ti-Mg复合脱氧,钢中夹杂物的总量相对于Mg单独处理增加200 mm-2;Ti处理后,奥氏体晶粒内出现大量针状铁素体.对比而言,Al-Ti-Mg复合处理钢中针状铁素体分布最为均匀,无块状铁素体出现.     

YF45V(CaS)钢切削加工性及易切机理

通过诸项切削加工性对比实验证实。易切削非调质钢YF45V(CaS)比45钢正火态与调质态的切削性能均优越。这主要是易切型夹杂物在切削中起着应力集中源。包裹润滑及覆盖膜等作用。     

IF钢中含Ti夹杂物的衍变规律

系统研究了Ti-IF钢冶炼过程和铸坯中含Ti夹杂物的组成、分布与微观形貌,揭示了含Ti夹杂物的衍变规律.热力学分析和实验结果表明:在IF钢冶炼过程中无TiN生成,含Ti夹杂物的存在形式是以TiO₂为主的钛氧化物结合其他氧化物的复合夹杂:而在连铸凝固过程中,由于钢液温度降低和元素的偏析作用,TiN夹杂以异质形核的方式生成.IF钢铸坯中非金属夹杂物主要是大尺寸Al₂O₃颗粒和存在中间过渡层的TiN—Al₂TiO₅-Al₂O₃复合夹杂物,其形核长大过程是[Al]、[Ti]和[O]先在细小的Al₂O₃颗粒上反应生成一层Al₂TiO₅,然后TiN在Al₂TiO₅表面形核长大.根据连铸过程和铸坯中含钛夹杂物的研究得出,Ti-IF钢铸坯中TiN夹杂难以去除,但是可以使其变性以实现对钢中含钛夹杂物的控制.     

LF精炼过程中SAE8620钢所含MgO复合夹杂物分析

采用非水溶液电解的方法,萃取分离出SAE8620齿轮钢中含MgO复合夹杂物,利用扫描电镜、能谱分析仪对夹杂物的组成、类型和形貌特征进行分析。结果表明,SAE8620齿轮钢在LF精炼过程中,含MgO复合夹杂物中MgO、CaO含量逐渐增加,SiO2含量逐渐减少,Al2O3含量呈先上升后下降的趋势;夹杂物的形貌多不规则,呈块状且棱角分明;夹杂物类型主要为SiO2-Al2O3-MgO、SiO2-MgO、SiO2-Al2O3-CaO-MgO等,此类夹杂物的尺寸较大、熔点较高,直接影响钢材的质量和使用性能。     

球形非金属夹杂物与焊缝金属的断裂

对四种不同强度级别的焊缝金属的廷性断口和脆性断口上的夹杂物进行了系统的观察与分析,探讨了球形非金属夹杂物对焊缝金属断裂性能的影响。焊缝金属的延性断裂性能与所含夹杂物的数量存在直接的关系,而焊缝金属的解理断裂中有相当大的一部分由尺寸相对较大的,与基体结合强度较高的Ti型夹杂物所引发。     

Ultra-high cycle fatigue behavior of high strength steel with carbide-free bainite/martensite complex microstructure

The ultra-high cycle fatigue behavior of a novel high strength steel with carbide-free bainite/martensite (CFB/M) complex microstructure was studied. The ultra-high cycle fatigue properties were measured by ultrasonic fatigue testing equipment at a frequency of 20 kHz. It is found that there is no horizontal part in the S-N curve and fatigue fracture occurs when the life of specimens exceeds 107 cycles. In addition, the origination of fatigue cracks tends to transfer from the surface to interior of specimens as the fatigue cycle exceeds 107, and the fatigue crack originations of many specimens are not induced by inclusions, but by some kind of "soft structure". It is shown that the studied high strength steel performs good ultra-high cycle fatigue properties. The ultra-high fatigue mechanism was discussed and it is suggested that specific CFB/M complex microstructure of the studied steel contributes to its superior properties.     

含0.065%Ti的高强度低合金钢中夹杂物

本文用扫描电镜分析了钛质量分数为0.065%的高强度低合金钢在钙处理后铸坯和板材中夹杂物的形貌和大小;用EDS探针分析了夹杂物的成分.结果表明钛质量分数为0.065%的高强度低合金钢的夹杂物绝大部分为CaO-Al2O3-TiOx-CaS系夹杂物,并有少量的TiN,统计表明钢液钙处理效果良好.最后通过热力学计算分析了钢中TiN、CaS夹杂物的析出规律.     

BOF--LF--CC生产SWRH82 B硬线钢的洁净度研究

采用系统取样与实验室综合分析,对BOF-LF-CC工艺生产的SWRH82B钢洁净度衍变规律进行研究。结果表明,钙处理后钢中T[ O]和显微夹杂物数量显著下降,轻微增氮;浇铸过程增氧增氮严重;铸坯中<5μm显微夹杂占97%,主要是棱角分明的纯Al2 O3夹杂,球状复合氧化物与CaS和MnS的复合夹杂,简单氧化物或氮化物与MnS的复合夹杂;LF精炼后钙处理,脱氧显著,但使得铸坯中出现很多Al2 O3硬性夹杂,对SWRH82B盘条质量造成严重的危害;中间包结构不合理,卷渣、内衬侵蚀和二次氧化严重,连铸过程钢液洁净度下降。     

Effect of tin addition on the microstructure and properties of ferritic stainless steel

This article reports the effects of Sn on the inclusions as well as the mechanical properties and hot workability of ferritic stainless steel. Precipitation phases and inclusions in Sn-bearing ferritic stainless steel were observed, and the relationship between the workability and the microstructure of the steel was established. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopic analysis of the steel reveals that an almost pure Sn phase forms and MnS-Sn compound inclusions appear in the steel with a higher Sn content. Little Sn segregation was observed in grain boundaries and in the areas around sulfide inclusions; however, the presence of Sn does not adversely affect the workability of the steel containing 0.4wt% Sn. When the Sn content is 0.1wt%-0.4wt%, Sn improves the tensile strength and the plastic strain ratio and also improves the plasticity with increasing temperature. A mechanism of improving the workability of ferritic stainless steel induced by Sn addition was discussed:the presence of Sn lowers the defect concentration in the ultra-pure ferritic lattice and the good distribution of tin in the lattice overcomes the problem of hot brittleness that occurs in low-carbon steel as a result of Sn segregation.     

应用镁蒸气对模具钢中夹杂物变性的研究

D2冷作模具钢最常见的失效形式为磨损失效,改善夹杂物的数量、形态和分布能降低钢的磨损率.利用颗粒镁在高温下生成镁蒸气,并通过高纯氩气携带通入钢液中,考察了镁对钢中非金属夹杂物的变性效果.实验结果表明,镁蒸气通入钢液后,钢中非金属夹杂物尺寸明显变得细小,夹杂物的成分从单纯的Al2O3和Al2O3与Cr,Mo和V等合金氧化物的复合产物向富MgO的MgO和Al2O3复合夹杂物转变.铸态组织的观察结果表明细小夹杂物在钢液中的残存对于凝固和相变过程中钢的晶粒细化有利.     

不同生产工艺对高强度弹簧钢夹杂物尺寸分布及疲劳性能的影响

采用两种不同的生产工艺生产弹簧钢以控制氧化物夹杂的性质和尺寸分布。研究发现,钢中酸溶铝含量的高低并不影响弹簧钢的奥氏体晶粒度,但明显影响钢材中的非金属夹杂物尺寸分布,从而影响高强度弹簧钢的疲劳性能。     

微镁脱氧时间对钛脱氧钢夹杂物特征的影响

先将C-Mn钢在1600℃下钛脱氧15min,然后再加入MgSi合金脱氧不同时间,最后对脱氧后试样进行淬火冷却.采用ASPEX Explorer夹杂物电镜/能谱自动分析仪研究了微镁脱氧时间对钛脱氧钢夹杂物尺寸分布、成分及形貌的影响.随着微镁脱氧时间的增加,夹杂物粒子数量逐渐减少,尺寸有所增加,夹杂物粒子尺寸分布符合正态分布;富MgAl2O4及TiOx复合夹杂物聚合上浮,夹杂物类型由富MgAl2O4、MgO和TiOx转变为富MgAl2O4和MgO复合夹杂物.另外,减少镁脱氧时间有益于提高单位体积夹杂物粒子数量以及获得细小的富MgAl2O4、MgO及TiOx夹杂物粒子铸态试样.     

Modification of MgO·Al<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript> spinel inclusions in Al-killed steel by Ca-treatment

The modification of MgO·Al₂O₃ spinel inclusions in Al-killed steel by Ca-treatment has been studied by industrial trials and thermodynamic calculations. In the industrial trials, samples were taken systematically during the refining process in which the molten steel was treated by calcium, and the characters of the inclusions were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectra (EDS). The effects of Ca-treatment were evaluated by tracking the compositions of the inclusions. The results show that the modification of MgO·Al₂O₃ spinel inclusions by Ca-treatment is effective and the transformation sequence of the inclusions during the refining is Al₂O₃→MgO·Al₂O₃→liquid complex inclusions. The modification of spinel inclusions by Ca-treatment was calculated by FactSage6.0 utilizing its free-energy minimization routines. The results of thermodynamic calculations indicate that spinel inclusions are easier to be modified than Al₂O₃ inclusions and the spinel inclusions in 30CrMo steel would transform to liquid complex inclusions when the content of dissolved Ca in the molten steel exceeds 1×10⁻⁶. Also, the results show that adding more calcium into the molten steel would lower the contents of Al₂O₃ and MgO and increase the CaO content of the inclusions, while the change in SiO₂ content is little.