白云石对菱镁矿浮选行为的影响

以油酸钠(NaOL)为捕收剂,六偏磷酸钠为抑制剂研究菱镁矿和白云石浮选行为,并依据动电位、吸附试验和扫描电镜测试结果,探讨了菱镁矿与白云石人工混合矿体系中Ca~(2+)对菱镁矿浮选的影响机理.浮选试验结果表明,六偏磷酸钠对菱镁矿和白云石单矿物有良好的选择抑制作用;但对二者的人工混合矿进行浮选时,两种矿物均受到六偏磷酸钠的抑制,无法实现分离.吸附试验和扫描电镜测试结果表明,在浮选过程中白云石溶解出的Ca~(2+)吸附在菱镁矿表面.动电位测试表明,由于Ca~(2+)的吸附导致菱镁矿与白云石的表面性质趋同,严重影响这两种矿物的浮选分离.     

Improved flotation performance of hematite fines using citric acid as a dispersant

In this study, citric acid was used as a dispersant to improve the flotation performance of hematite fines. The effect and mechanism of citric acid on the reverse flotation of hematite fines were investigated by flotation tests, sedimentation experiments, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), zeta-potential measurements, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results of SEM analysis and flotation tests reveal that a strong heterocoagulation in the form of slime coating or coagulation in hematite fine slurry affects the beneficiation of hematite ores by froth flotation. The addition of a small amount of citric acid (less than 300 g/t) favorably affects the reverse flotation of hematite fines by improving particle dispersion. The results of sedimentation experiments, zeta-potential measurements, and XPS measurements demonstrate that citric acid adsorbs onto hematite and quartz surfaces via hydrogen bonding, thereby reducing the zeta potentials of mineral surfaces, strengthening the electrical double-layer repulsion between mineral particles, and dispersing the pulp particles.     

菱铁矿和白云石对石英浮选的影响

通过浮选试验、吸附量测定和溶液化学计算研究了油酸钠浮选体系下菱铁矿和白云石对石英浮选的影响.浮选试验和吸附量测定结果表明:菱铁矿对石英浮选的影响与其溶解组分有关,当淀粉存在时,菱铁矿可显著影响石英浮选;白云石的溶解组分对石英浮选的影响较小,增大油酸钠用量可在一定程度上消除白云石的影响.溶液化学计算表明,菱铁矿的溶解组分可将活化的石英表面转化为易被淀粉抑制的CaCO_3沉淀,而白云石的溶解会受到浮选体系中钙离子的抑制,这也是菱铁矿和白云石溶解对石英浮选的影响存在差异的主要原因.     

TX-100对油酸钠体系下菱镁矿与白云石浮选分离的影响

菱镁矿与白云石具有相似的晶体结构、化学成分及溶解特性,导致浮选分离难度较大.本文通过浮选试验、表面张力测定、红外光谱测试及X射线光电子能谱测试,研究油酸钠体系下曲拉通X-100(TX-100)对菱镁矿与白云石浮选分离的影响.结果表明,TX-100具有强化油酸钠对菱镁矿与白云石浮选分离的效果,油酸钠以化学方式吸附于菱镁矿与白云石表面,在白云石表面可能与TX-100有竞争吸附.TX-100降低了油酸钠的表面张力,促进了油酸钠的溶解和分散,同时通过增溶作用提高了生成油酸钙沉淀所需的钙离子浓度,使得油酸钠在白云石表面的吸附减弱,对白云石有选择性的抑制作用.     

柠檬酸在含碳酸盐赤铁矿浮选体系中的分散机理

以赤铁矿、菱铁矿和石英为研究对象,通过沉降试验、Zeta电位测试、傅里叶红外光谱分析和溶液化学计算研究了柠檬酸在强碱性条件下(pH=11.0)的分散机理.沉降试验结果表明,柠檬酸对人工混合矿(赤铁矿-菱铁矿-石英)具有较好的分散效果.动电位和红外光谱测试表明,柠檬酸在赤铁矿和菱铁矿表面的吸附较强烈并使其动电位负移,而在石英表面的吸附较弱并对石英动电位影响较小.溶液化学计算表明,柠檬酸主要以[C_6H_5O_7]~(3-)的形式吸附在赤铁矿和菱铁矿的羟基化表面,进而阻止矿粒间的凝聚.结果表明柠檬酸在含碳酸盐赤铁矿浮选体系中具有分散作用.     

Effect of Ca on CO2 corrosion properties of X65 pipeline steel

The effect of Ca²⁺ on CO₂ corrosion to X65 pipeline steel was investigated in the simulated stratum water of an oil field containing different concentrations of Ca²⁺. It is found that Ca²⁺ can enhance the corrosion rate, especially in the Ca²⁺ concentration from 256 to 512 mg/L, which can be attributed to the growing grain size and loosing structure of corrosion scales with increasing Ca²⁺ concentration. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) investigations reveal that a complex carbonate (Fe, Ca)CO₃ forms at high Ca²⁺ concentration due to the gradual replacement of Fe²⁺ in FeCO₃ by Ca²⁺.     

贵州威宁草海地区地下水化学特征与控制因素研究

运用数理统计、Piper图、Surfer软件对研究区地下水化学特征分析。结果表明:地下水化学组分以Ca~(2+)、HCO_3~-为主,其次为Mg~(2+)和SO_4~(2-),TDS均值为519.34 mg·L~(-1),各离子含量由孟家山断层与威水背斜中间地带向两侧逐渐递减。运用Gibbs图、离子比例系数、相关性分析对研究区地下水化学的控制因素研究。结果表明:地下水化学离子组成受蒸发-浓缩作用和大气降水作用影响小,岩石的风化溶滤作用是水化学离子的控制性因素。以方解石(CaCO_3)、白云石[CaMg(CO_3)_2]为主的碳酸盐矿物、石膏(CaSO_4·2H_2O)等硫酸盐矿物以及盐岩的风化溶滤是区域地下水离子的主要来源,其中以方解石(CaCO_3)、白云石[CaMg(CO_3)_2]等碳酸盐矿物的风化溶滤作用最强。     

Effect and mechanism of siderite on reverse flotation of hematite

The effects of siderite on reverse flotation of hematite were investigated using micro flotation, adsorption tests, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The flotation results show that interactions between siderite and quartz are the main reasons that siderite significantly influences the floatability. The interactions are attributed to dissolved siderite species and fine siderite particles. The interaction due to the dissolved species is, however, dominant. Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) theoretical calculations reveal that adhesion on quartz increases when the siderite particle size decreases and that fine particles partly influence quartz floatability. Chemical solution calculations indicate that the dissolved species of siderite might convert the surface of active quartz to CaCO₃ precipitates that can be depressed by starch. The theoretical calculations are in good agreement with the results of adsorption tests and FTIR spectroscopy and explain the reasons why siderite significantly influences reverse flotation of hematite.     

Selective depression behavior of guar gum on talc-type scheelite flotation

The depression behavior and mechanism of guar gum on talc-type scheelite flotation were systematically investigated by flotation experiments, adsorption tests, zeta-potential measurements, and infrared spectroscopic analyses. The flotation results for monominerals, mixed minerals, and actual mineral samples indicated that guar gum exhibited much higher selective depression for talc than for scheelite. Bench-scale closed-circuit tests showed that a tungsten concentrate with a WO₃ grade of 51.43% and a WO₃ recovery of 76.18% was obtained. Adsorption tests, zeta-potential measurements, and infrared spectral analyses confirmed that guar gum absorbed more strongly onto the talc surface than onto the scheelite surface because of chemisorption between guar gum and talc. This chemisorption is responsible for the guar gum's highly selective depression for talc and small depression for scheelite. The flotation results provide technical support for talc-type scheelite flotation.     

Possibility of using strain F9（Serratia marcescens） as a bio-collector for hematite flotation

In this study, we characterized strain F9 and evaluated the interaction between strain F9 and hematite by scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry（FTIR）, zeta potential, flotation, and other methods. The results showed that strain F9 belongs to Serratia marcescens. This brevibacterium had CH2, CH3, and hydroxyl groups on its cell wall, which imparted a strong hydrophobic and negative charge. Adsorption of strain F9 reduced the zeta potential of the hematite surface and increased the hydrophobicity of the hematite surface, thereby generating hydrophobic hematite agglomerates. At least four groups on strain F9 interacted with the hematite surface, which contributed to chemical interactions of carboxylic groups and hydrophobic association among hydrophobic hematite particles. The possible use of strain F9 as a bio-collector for hematite flotation was proved.     

Effect of sodium alginate on reverse flotation of hematite and its mechanism

Given the gradual increase in the chlorite content of hematite ores, pulp properties seriously deteriorate during flotation. The traditional anion reverse flotation of hematite cannot effectively eliminate the effects of chlorite, leading to a significant decrease in the total Fe (TFe) grade of the concentrate. In this work, the effect of sodium alginate on the reverse flotation of hematite was systematically investigated. Flotation tests of artificially mixed ores were conducted, and the results showed that sodium alginate can significantly improve the removal rates of quartz and chlorite. The adsorption measurements, infrared spectroscopy, and contact angle tests demonstrated that sodium alginate adsorbs on the quartz surface by chelating with calcium ions, thereby weakening the steric hindrance of oleate ions and increasing the adsorption capacity of sodium oleate to ultimately improve the removal rate of quartz. Furthermore, owing to its lower density and fine particle size, chlorite is easily entrained into the foam layer. Sodium alginate dramatically increases the liquid-to-gas ratio of the foam layer by increasing pulp viscosity, thereby increasing the entrainment rate of chlorite and finally improving its removal rate. The core content of this thesis bears significance in improving the Fe grade in the reverse flotation of chlorite-containing hematite.     

Physical chemistry mechanisms of CDR system in sulphide mineral flotation

The flotation tests, zeta potential measurements, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis on galena, sphalerite, and pyrite were studied in a collecting-depressing-reactivating (CDR) system. In this system, sulphide minerals were first collected and activated by the collector, and then depressed strongly by Ca(OH)₂ in a strong alkaline solution. Finally, they were reactivated by H₂SO₄. The flotation tests of pure minerals showed that in the Ca(OH)₂ depressing process sulphide minerals had similar flotation characteristics because they had already been influenced by the collector. Hence, the flotability differences between them were reduced. However, in the H₂SO₄ reactivating process considerable differences in the flotability between galena and sphalerite/pyrite were produced. That is to say, galena was relatively easy to be reactivated by H₂SO₄, but sphalerite and pyrite were not reactivated at pH > 11. The zeta potentials of sulfide minerals measured by the Zeta Plus presented irreversible characteristics on the change of pH values. The results of the FTIR spectra analysis indicated that the collectors already adsorbed on the mineral surface were removed partially by Ca(OH)₂.     

Discovery of seep carbonate nodules as new evidence for gas venting on the northern continental slope of South China Sea

The geotectonic evolution of the northern South China Sea (SCS) is controlled by the Eurasian, the Pa-cific and the Indian-Australian Plates. With regard to its tectonic evolution, the northern margin composed of faulted terraces and basins and deposited …     

东鞍山浮选尾矿预富集精矿悬浮磁化焙烧试验研究

为实现东鞍山铁矿石浮选尾矿的资源化利用,对浮选尾矿预富集精矿开展了悬浮磁化焙烧试验研究.结果表明,浮选尾矿预富集精矿主要矿物组成为赤褐铁矿、磁铁矿、菱铁矿和石英,TFe品位为31.13%.浮选尾矿预富集精矿适宜的悬浮磁化焙烧工艺参数为:气体流量600mL/min,氢气体积分数20%,焙烧温度520℃,焙烧时间20min.焙烧产品经弱磁选可得铁精矿的TFe品位为64.23%,回收率为79.53%.焙烧产品的铁物相,XRD,VSM分析表明,经过悬浮磁化焙烧后,原矿中赤褐铁矿和碳酸铁转变为磁铁矿,矿石的饱和磁化强度和磁化率增强.     

岩溶水水化学特征的主成分分析和因子分析

【目的】为了解岩溶区地下水水化学特征以及地下水成分的来源。【方法】以广西果化镇地下水为研究对象,于2017年7月共采集地下水样品21件,运用Gw_chart软件制作水化学Piper三线图,结合R软件进行相关性分析、主成分分析法、因子分析法等对数据进行处理。【结果】研究区岩溶地下水水化学类型主要为重碳酸-钙型水,Ca2+和Mg2+为地下水中主要阳离子,HCO-3和SO2-4为地下水中主要阴离子。HCO-3与Ca2+,Na++K+与Cl-,SO2-4与Mg+2、Ca2+,相关性较强,它们经历了相似的化学反应过程。通过主成分分析法提取了3个主成分,共解释了91%的方差,可以很好地代表原始数据;通过因子分析提取出3个公共因子,共解释了86%的方差。【结论】自然因素水-岩作用为水化学元素特征与来源主导因素,人类活动也起到了重要作用。     

弱磁性铁矿物的表面自磁化

利用菱铁矿和赤铁矿在酸性体系中的溶解特性,无需添加任何铁离子,只需调节矿浆的pH值,然后通过控制反应温度即可实现矿物表面的自磁化.实验考察了反应时间、铁离子浓度、过氧化氢添加量和反应温度等因素对菱铁矿在酸性体系中溶解行为的影响.在100℃条件下,通过表面自磁化反应,菱铁矿磁选回收率从53.8%提高到94.6%,因此可以确定反应温度是影响自磁化的重要因素.利用赤铁矿和菱铁矿的混合矿物重复菱铁矿单矿物的自磁化实验,混合矿物回收率从66.8%提高到了72.6%.最后利用含有赤铁矿和菱铁矿的实际矿石进行自磁化实验,结果与单矿物实验和混合矿物实验相一致,磁选回收率从46.3%提高到了63.1%,实现了样品的自磁化.     

Study the effects of metallic ions on the combination of DNA and histones with molecular combing technique

The effects of monovalent (Na^ , K^ ) and divalent (Mg^2 , Ca^2 , Mn^2 ) ions on the interaction between DNA and histone are studied using the molecular combing technique. λ-DNA molecules and DNA-histone complexes incubated with metal cations (Na^ , K^ , Mg^2 , Ca^2 , Mn^2 ) are stretched on hydrophobic surfaces, and directly observed by fluorescence microscopy. The results indicate that when these cations are added into the DNA solution, the fluorescence intensities of the stained DNA are reduced differently. The monovalent cations (Na^ , K^ ) inhibit binding of histone to DNA. The divalent cations (Mg^2 , Ca^2 , Mn^2 ) enhance significantly the binding of histone to DNA and the binding of the DNA-histone complex to the hydrophobic surface. Mn^2 also induces condensation and aggregation of the DNA- histone complex.     

Occurrence mechanism of silicate and aluminosilicate minerals in Sarcheshmeh copper flotation concentrate

The Sarcheshmeh copper flotation circuit is producing 5×104 t copper concentrate per month with an averaging grade of 28% Cu in rougher, cleaner and recleaner stages. In recent years, with the increase in the open pit depth, the content of aluminosilicate minerals increased in plant feed and subsequently in flotation concentrate. It can motivate some problems, such as unwanted consumption of reagents, decreasing of the copper concentrate grade, increasing of Al₂O₃ and SiO₂ in the copper concentrate, and needing a higher temperature in the smelting process. The evaluation of the composite samples related to the most critical working period of the plant shows that quartz, illite, biotite, chlorite, orthoclase, albeit, muscovite, and kaolinite are the major Al₂O₃ and SiO₂ beating minerals that accompany chalcopyrite, chalcocite, and covellite minerals in the plant feed. The severe alteration to clay minerals was a general rule in all thin sections that were prepared from the plant feed. Sieve analysis of the flotation concentrate shows that Al₂O₃ and SiO₂ bearing minerals in the flotation concentrate can be decreased by promoting the size reduction from 53 to 38 μm. Interlocking of the Al₂O₃ and SiO₂ bearing minerals with chalcopyrite and chalcocite is the occurrence mechanism of silicate and aluminosilicate minerals in the flotation concentrate. The dispersed form of interlocking is predominant.     

聚氧化乙烯絮凝微细粒高岭石强化赤铁矿反浮选脱硅机理研究

通过矿物浮选试验并结合激光粒度测试、扫描电镜(SEM)、矿物Zeta电位及XPS等检测方法对赤铁矿反浮选过程中聚氧化乙烯絮凝细粒高岭石的行为及机理进行了研究.矿物絮凝浮选试验表明：添加聚氧化乙烯可以提高高岭石的单矿物回收率和人工混合矿分离效率,促进赤铁矿和高岭石反浮选分离.激光粒度测试和扫描电镜检测结果表明：聚氧化乙烯不絮凝赤铁矿,但絮凝高岭石颗粒,使其表观粒径增大.Zeta电位测试和XPS分析表明：聚氧化乙烯在高岭石颗粒表面发生化学吸附,并使其Zeta电位正移.因此,开展聚氧化乙烯对硅酸盐矿物絮凝的研究对赤铁矿和高岭石反浮选分离具有意义.     

菱铁矿对假象赤铁矿与石英混合矿浮选的影响

碳酸铁对铁矿石的浮选影响极大,严重恶化浮选指标.在三种浮选体系下,研究菱铁矿含量对假象赤铁矿与石英混合矿浮选的影响.结果表明,在十二胺和油酸钠反浮选体系下,菱铁矿加入到两种混合矿中时,浮选指标下降.十二烷基硫酸钠体系下,假象赤铁矿和石英混合矿中加入少量菱铁矿时,精矿品位有所增加.因此,若要实现含碳酸盐铁矿石的有效分选,必须首先消除细粒级菱铁矿的影响.