柠檬酸对微细粒绿泥石夹带行为的影响

通过浮选试验、Zeta电位测试、红外光谱分析、EDLVO理论计算及扫描电镜(SEM)分析研究了赤铁矿反浮选体系下柠檬酸对细粒绿泥石夹带行为的影响.浮选试验表明:添加柠檬酸促进了细粒绿泥石的夹带行为,有利于脱除铁精矿中的绿泥石.动电位测试和红外光谱分析表明:柠檬酸吸附在绿泥石和赤铁矿表面使其表面负电性增加进而增强其颗粒间的静电排斥力.EDLVO计算结果表明:赤铁矿和绿泥石之间存在吸引力,添加柠檬酸后,其作用力转化为排斥力,该计算同扫描电镜结果一致.     

聚氧化乙烯絮凝微细粒高岭石强化赤铁矿反浮选脱硅机理研究

通过矿物浮选试验并结合激光粒度测试、扫描电镜(SEM)、矿物Zeta电位及XPS等检测方法对赤铁矿反浮选过程中聚氧化乙烯絮凝细粒高岭石的行为及机理进行了研究.矿物絮凝浮选试验表明：添加聚氧化乙烯可以提高高岭石的单矿物回收率和人工混合矿分离效率,促进赤铁矿和高岭石反浮选分离.激光粒度测试和扫描电镜检测结果表明：聚氧化乙烯不絮凝赤铁矿,但絮凝高岭石颗粒,使其表观粒径增大.Zeta电位测试和XPS分析表明：聚氧化乙烯在高岭石颗粒表面发生化学吸附,并使其Zeta电位正移.因此,开展聚氧化乙烯对硅酸盐矿物絮凝的研究对赤铁矿和高岭石反浮选分离具有意义.     

Solution chemistry of carbonate minerals and its effects on the flotation of hematite with sodium oleate

The effects of carbonate minerals (dolomite and siderite) on the flotation of hematite using sodium oleate as a collector were investigated through flotation tests, supplemented by dissolution measurements, solution chemistry calculations, zeta-potential measurements, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic studies, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses. The results of flotation tests show that the presence of siderite or dolomite reduced the recovery of hematite and that the inhibiting effects of dolomite were stronger. Dissolution measurements, solution chemistry calculations, and flotation tests confirmed that both the cations (Ca2+ and Mg2+) and CO₃2- ions dissolved from dolomite depressed hematite flotation, whereas only the CO₃2- ions dissolved from siderite were responsible for hematite depression. The zeta-potential, FTIR spectroscopic, and XPS analyses indicated that Ca2+, Mg2+, and CO₃2- (HCO₃-) could adsorb onto the hematite surface, thereby hindering the adsorption of sodium oleate, which was the main reason for the inhibiting effects of carbonate minerals on hematite flotation.     

柠檬酸在含碳酸盐赤铁矿浮选体系中的分散机理

以赤铁矿、菱铁矿和石英为研究对象,通过沉降试验、Zeta电位测试、傅里叶红外光谱分析和溶液化学计算研究了柠檬酸在强碱性条件下(pH=11.0)的分散机理.沉降试验结果表明,柠檬酸对人工混合矿(赤铁矿-菱铁矿-石英)具有较好的分散效果.动电位和红外光谱测试表明,柠檬酸在赤铁矿和菱铁矿表面的吸附较强烈并使其动电位负移,而在石英表面的吸附较弱并对石英动电位影响较小.溶液化学计算表明,柠檬酸主要以[C_6H_5O_7]~(3-)的形式吸附在赤铁矿和菱铁矿的羟基化表面,进而阻止矿粒间的凝聚.结果表明柠檬酸在含碳酸盐赤铁矿浮选体系中具有分散作用.     

微细粒混合磁选精矿分级—分散浮选试验研究

针对东鞍山混合磁选精矿进行了预先分级—强化分散浮选试验研究，同时结合沉降试验、动电位测试、浊度测试等分析了分选效果改善的原因.在最优条件下分级—分散浮选闭路试验可获得精矿铁品位66.24%、铁回收率79.47%的浮选指标，与单一分散浮选的闭路试验相比，精矿铁回收率提高了4.47%.沉降试验和浊度测试表明，分散剂柠檬酸及粒度组成均会影响赤铁矿-石英混合矿的分散特性，柠檬酸主要吸附在赤铁矿表面从而增大矿粒间的静电斥力，优化粒度组成实现窄级别浮选则会进一步减弱矿粒间的非选择性团聚(罩盖)，为后续浮选分离创造有利条件，这也与DLVO理论及团聚动力学的分析结果基本一致.     

Selective depression behavior of guar gum on talc-type scheelite flotation

The depression behavior and mechanism of guar gum on talc-type scheelite flotation were systematically investigated by flotation experiments, adsorption tests, zeta-potential measurements, and infrared spectroscopic analyses. The flotation results for monominerals, mixed minerals, and actual mineral samples indicated that guar gum exhibited much higher selective depression for talc than for scheelite. Bench-scale closed-circuit tests showed that a tungsten concentrate with a WO₃ grade of 51.43% and a WO₃ recovery of 76.18% was obtained. Adsorption tests, zeta-potential measurements, and infrared spectral analyses confirmed that guar gum absorbed more strongly onto the talc surface than onto the scheelite surface because of chemisorption between guar gum and talc. This chemisorption is responsible for the guar gum's highly selective depression for talc and small depression for scheelite. The flotation results provide technical support for talc-type scheelite flotation.     

Effect and mechanism of siderite on reverse flotation of hematite

The effects of siderite on reverse flotation of hematite were investigated using micro flotation, adsorption tests, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The flotation results show that interactions between siderite and quartz are the main reasons that siderite significantly influences the floatability. The interactions are attributed to dissolved siderite species and fine siderite particles. The interaction due to the dissolved species is, however, dominant. Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) theoretical calculations reveal that adhesion on quartz increases when the siderite particle size decreases and that fine particles partly influence quartz floatability. Chemical solution calculations indicate that the dissolved species of siderite might convert the surface of active quartz to CaCO₃ precipitates that can be depressed by starch. The theoretical calculations are in good agreement with the results of adsorption tests and FTIR spectroscopy and explain the reasons why siderite significantly influences reverse flotation of hematite.     

磁种磁团聚强化淀粉对微细粒赤铁矿的抑制

针对赤铁矿反浮选过程中，淀粉对微细粒赤铁矿抑制作用较差的问题，通过浮选试验、EDLVO理论计算、粒度分布和SEM分析，研究了利用磁种磁团聚强化淀粉对微细粒赤铁矿的抑制作用.结果表明，随着赤铁矿的粒度降低，淀粉对赤铁矿的抑制作用变差.添加磁铁矿可强化淀粉对微细粒赤铁矿的抑制作用，随着磁铁矿粒度的增加，强化抑制作用越明显.不同粒级的磁铁矿与微细粒赤铁矿间均存在引力作用，可使磁铁矿与赤铁矿发生磁团聚，且磁铁矿粒度越大，引力作用越强.磁团聚作用增加了微细粒赤铁矿的表观粒度，从而强化了淀粉对微细粒赤铁矿的抑制作用.     

Grate-kiln pelletization of Indian hematite fines and its industrial practice

Indian hematite fines normally have a high iron grade and minor impurities; they are usually used as sinter fines for feeding into a blast furnace. In this work, the grindability properties of two kinds of Indian hematite fines and the roasting behaviors and induration characteristics of pellets made from these fines were revealed through experiments involving dry ball milling and small-scale and pilot-scale tests. In addition, the microstructures of the particles of ground India hematite fines and fired pellets were investigated using optical microscopy. On the basis of the results, a grate-kiln production line with an annual output of 1.2 Mt of oxidized pellets was established in India. This pellet plant operates stably and reliably, further confirming that preparing high-quality pellets with Indian hematite fines pretreated by dry ball milling is an industrially feasible process.     

Effect of sodium alginate on reverse flotation of hematite and its mechanism

Given the gradual increase in the chlorite content of hematite ores, pulp properties seriously deteriorate during flotation. The traditional anion reverse flotation of hematite cannot effectively eliminate the effects of chlorite, leading to a significant decrease in the total Fe (TFe) grade of the concentrate. In this work, the effect of sodium alginate on the reverse flotation of hematite was systematically investigated. Flotation tests of artificially mixed ores were conducted, and the results showed that sodium alginate can significantly improve the removal rates of quartz and chlorite. The adsorption measurements, infrared spectroscopy, and contact angle tests demonstrated that sodium alginate adsorbs on the quartz surface by chelating with calcium ions, thereby weakening the steric hindrance of oleate ions and increasing the adsorption capacity of sodium oleate to ultimately improve the removal rate of quartz. Furthermore, owing to its lower density and fine particle size, chlorite is easily entrained into the foam layer. Sodium alginate dramatically increases the liquid-to-gas ratio of the foam layer by increasing pulp viscosity, thereby increasing the entrainment rate of chlorite and finally improving its removal rate. The core content of this thesis bears significance in improving the Fe grade in the reverse flotation of chlorite-containing hematite.     

酸碱软硬度的势标度在浮选剂结构性能研究中应用

在浮选药剂结构性能研究中,软硬酸碱理论存在难以定量计算的问题,为解决该问题,在浮选药剂的研究领域引入了酸碱软硬度的势标度,并扩大了软硬酸碱理论的应用范围.提出了一个浮选药剂选择性判据,该判据是酸碱软硬度的势标度和药剂分子前线轨道能级的函数,以赤铁矿阴离子反浮选捕收剂RA-315和硫化矿浮选捕收剂为例,应用药剂选择性判据研究了药剂结构性能,所得结论与浮选试验结果相符,从而证明了酸碱软硬度的势标度对药剂结构性能定量研究具有较大的促进作用.     

寡养单胞属菌株USTB-2对赤铁矿的捕收效果及机理

对从司家营铁矿场土壤中筛选出来的非致病性寡养单胞属菌株USTB-2作为赤铁矿的捕收剂进行了研究.Zeta电位测试知该菌在较大pH范围内带负电.经菌体USTB-2作用后，赤铁矿接触角增加了3395°，表面疏水性得到了极大的提高.在pH为6，菌体添加量为60g/t时，赤铁矿浮选回收率可达到7631%.机理研究表明，菌体USTB-2表面具有的烃类物质、羧基、磷酸基团使其具有类似脂肪酸类捕收剂的特性，通过“桥联”作用促进赤铁矿颗粒之间形成絮团；这证实寡养单胞属细菌USTB-2可以充当赤铁矿捕收剂.     

粒度分布对赤铁矿浮选的影响

以赤铁矿为研究对象,通过浮选试验、扩展的DLVO(EDLVO)理论和凝聚动力学研究了粒度分布(粒径小于18μm的微细粒比例)对赤铁矿浮选的影响.浮选结果表明赤铁矿的浮选回收率与粒度的大小和分布有关,粗粒(粒径大于18μm)赤铁矿的粒度较大时或粒度分布均衡时(微细粒与粗粒含量接近)浮选回收率较高.EDLVO理论计算表明微细粒赤铁矿与粗粒赤铁矿之间存在吸引力,且吸引力的大小与粗粒粒度正相关;凝聚动力学分析表明粒度分布均衡时颗粒间的凝聚速率较大.这是粒度分布对赤铁矿的浮选回收率产生影响的主要原因.     

微细矿粒在水溶液中的疏水絮凝

本文着重讨论细微矿物颗粒的疏水絮凝行为及机理。对石英、菱锰矿、赤铁矿及金红石的实验研究表明,矿物润湿性的变化对矿粒悬浮液的分散稳定性有巨大影响。矿粒表面疏水化常与显著的絮凝现象伴生,这种絮凝现象无法用经典的DLVO理论解释。通过对石英-胺及菱锰矿-油酸体系疏水絮凝的理论探讨及势能计算,可以看出表面活性剂吸附而诱发的粒间疏水作用势能远远大干双电层作用或范德华作用势能,因此,疏水作用对此种絮凝行为具有支配地位。     

白云石对菱镁矿浮选行为的影响

以油酸钠(NaOL)为捕收剂,六偏磷酸钠为抑制剂研究菱镁矿和白云石浮选行为,并依据动电位、吸附试验和扫描电镜测试结果,探讨了菱镁矿与白云石人工混合矿体系中Ca~(2+)对菱镁矿浮选的影响机理.浮选试验结果表明,六偏磷酸钠对菱镁矿和白云石单矿物有良好的选择抑制作用;但对二者的人工混合矿进行浮选时,两种矿物均受到六偏磷酸钠的抑制,无法实现分离.吸附试验和扫描电镜测试结果表明,在浮选过程中白云石溶解出的Ca~(2+)吸附在菱镁矿表面.动电位测试表明,由于Ca~(2+)的吸附导致菱镁矿与白云石的表面性质趋同,严重影响这两种矿物的浮选分离.     

蛇纹石对硼镁石浮选的影响

针对蛇纹石易恶化硼镁石浮选环境的问题,通过浮选试验研究了不同粒度蛇纹石及矿物量配比对硼镁石浮选效果的影响.试验结果表明:浮选过程中蛇纹石与硼镁石颗粒间易发生相互作用,随着矿样中蛇纹石含量增加及蛇纹石粒度减小,硼镁石回收率逐渐下降,并且细粒级蛇纹石对硼镁石回收率影响更为明显,能显著降低硼镁石回收率.结合矿物zeta电位的测定及DLVO理论计算,对溶液中矿物颗粒间作用机理进行了分析,表明矿物表面电性差异是矿物颗粒间相互作用的根本原因.     

烷基羟丙基胺作用下石英和赤铁矿的浮选行为

通过浮选试验研究了新型捕收剂烷基羟丙基胺(NDIA)作用下石英和赤铁矿的浮选行为,并结合量子化学计算和zeta电位分析,考察了该捕收剂在矿物表面的吸附机理.单矿物浮选试验结果表明:当捕收剂用量为33.33 mg/L,p H值为4.50~8.00时,石英的回收率在92%以上,赤铁矿的回收率在50%左右.人工混合矿分选试验结果表明:当捕收剂用量为33.33 mg/L,淀粉用量为13.33 mg/L,p H值为4.50~8.00时,NDIA均可实现石英和赤铁矿的有效分离.量子化学计算结果表明,与十二胺相比,NDIA对石英具有更好的捕收性能.zeta电位测试结果表明:NDIA在石英和赤铁矿表面均发生了吸附,且在石英表面的吸附作用强于赤铁矿.     

变性水玻璃对难选细粒氧化锑矿物浮选的影响

在pH≈7.5和有Mn~(2 )离子存在的情况下,通过浮选试验、ζ-电位测定、吸附试验,初步研究了变性水玻璃对细粒氧化锑矿物和脉石矿物硅化灰岩浮选行为的影响。研究表明,变性水玻璃对细粒氧化锑矿物与主要脉石矿物硅化灰岩的浮选分离具有明显的效果,有利于它们的浮选分离。     

磁铁矿与赤铁矿混合浮选交互影响规律

研究了浮选药剂对单矿物浮选的影响、磁铁矿对赤铁矿浮选的影响。单矿物浮选研究表明,pH〉10时,NaOH的用量的对石英矿的浮选影响大于磁铁矿、赤铁矿的浮选。随着淀粉用量的增加磁铁矿和赤铁矿的回收率逐渐增加,当淀粉用量为10mg／L时,赤铁矿的浮选几乎受到完全的抑制。CaO对磁铁矿、赤铁矿的浮选几乎没有影响,然而对石英的浮选确有很大的影响,石英的回收率随着CaO用量的增加逐渐降低。磁铁矿、赤铁矿以及石英的回收率随着捕收剂用量的增加逐渐降低。人工混合矿浮选研究表明,赤铁矿浮选品位随着磁铁矿含量的增加逐渐增加。     

鞍山式赤铁矿石反浮选尾矿铁品位偏高机制

针对鞍山式赤铁矿石反浮选流程中存在的浮选尾矿铁品位偏高的问题,借助X射线衍射分析、化学多元素分析、粒度分析、扫描电子显微镜等检测手段,对选别流程中样品的化学多元素组成、物相组成、粒度分布及矿物的单体解离度进行了研究.结果表明,在各扫选尾矿中存在着一些单体解离高的微细铁矿物颗粒,其吸附在粗粒级脉石矿物表面,形成“载体浮选”进入到尾矿中,造成尾矿铁品位偏高.