粘接层预氧化对热障涂层TGO生长与抗高温氧化性能的影响

利用预氧化技术在热障涂层(TBC)的陶瓷层/粘接层界面形成致密Al₂O₃层,经过1 100 ℃高温氧化试验,研究了该Al₂O₃层通过抑制氧气扩散,降低热生长氧化物(TGO)生长速率的作用机理,阐明了粘接层预氧化对整体热障涂层氧化行为的影响规律.结果表明:喷涂态(A-TBC)与预氧化(P-TBC)试样的TGO厚度及氧化增重均随氧化时间的延长而增长.但是,P-TBC显著减少了整个过程氧的扩散,有效抑制了氧化初期TGO的急速生长,使得P-TBC能够长期保持有益的TGO结构、降低抛物线氧化速率,并最终提高热障涂层抗高温氧化性能.     

定向凝固合金DZ466在涂 NaCl/Na2 SO4盐条件下热腐蚀行为

采用涂NaCl/Na2 SO4盐方法研究了DZ466合金在850℃和950℃条件下热腐蚀行为.结果表明：合金的腐蚀层包括三个区域,最外层为( Ni,Co) O氧化物层,次外层为尖晶石结构氧化层( Ni,Co) Cr2 O4,内层为内腐蚀层,850℃时该层为Ni3 S2,而950℃时除Ni3 S2外,在靠近次外层还形成内氧化Al2 O3;在850℃和950℃时合金的热腐蚀机制相同,氧化膜连续性的破坏,是合金遭受热腐蚀的主要原因;热腐蚀增重曲线均符合抛物线规律,其速率常数分别为3.1×10-11 g2·cm-4·s-1和1.5×10-9 g2·cm-4·s-1,热腐蚀激活能分别为179.2 kJ·mol-1和138.3 kJ·mol-1.     

Effects of surface modification on thermal cycling lifetime of thermal barrier coatings with HVOF NiCrAlY bond coat

NiCrAlY bond coat was prepared by HVOF (high-velocity oxygen fuel) spray on nickel-based superalloy. Surface treatments like grit-blasting, shot-peening and vacuum treatment methods were carried out in order to study the effects of surface modification on thermal cycling lifetime of TBCs. The surface-modified TBCs exhibited better thermal shock resistance. Failure of TBCs with the as-sprayed bond coat occurred within the top coat and at the interface between spinels and the top coat, while that of after shot-peening, grit-blasting and vacuum treatment occurred mainly within the top coat. TGO (thermally grown oxide) formed on as-sprayed bond coat was composed of a Ni(Al,Cr)2O4 spinels outer layer and a Al2O3 inner layer. But, a continuous and uniform Al2O3 formed after surface modification . Formation of the mixed oxides (spinels) on the as-sprayed bond coat accelerated the failure of TBCs.     

Comparative study on the corrosion behavior of X52, 3Cr,and 13Cr steel in an O2–H2O–CO2 system: products,reaction kinetics,and pitting sensitivity

The corrosionbehaviors of X52, 3Cr low-alloy steel, and 13Cr stainless steel were investigated inanO2–H2O–CO2 environment at varioustemperaturesand O2–CO2partial-pressure ratios. The results showed thatthe corrosion rates of X52, 3Cr, and 13Cr steels in-creased with increasing temperature. The corrosion ratesslowly increased at temperaturesless than100℃ and increased sharply when the temperature exceeded100℃. In the absence of O2, X52, 3Cr, and 13Cr exhibited uniform corrosion morphology and FeCO3 was the main corrosion product. When O2 was introduced into the system, various forms of Fe2O3 appeared on the surface of the samples. The Cr content strongly influenced the corrosion resistance. The 3Cr steel with a low Cr content was more sensitive to pitting than the X52 or 13Cr steel. Thus, pitting occurred on the surface of 3Cr when 1.25 MPa of O2 was added; this phenomenon is related to the non-uniform distribution of Cr in 3Cr.     

定向凝固镍基DZ792及DZ792G合金的高温热腐蚀行为

采用涂盐法研究了DZ792与DZ792G合金涂覆75%Na2SO4+25%NaCl混合盐后在900℃下的热腐蚀行为与机理.结果表明,900℃涂盐腐蚀条件下DZ792与DZ792G合金的热腐蚀机制为“酸/碱盐溶-内硫化氧化”.DZ792G合金在热腐蚀70~150h,腐蚀机制由碱性盐溶机制转化为酸性盐溶机制,最终导致灾难性腐蚀.DZ792G合金因具有较高的Ti含量,合金表面氧化膜的外侧形成富Ti氧化物层,TiO2与熔盐反应消耗其中的O2-,促进热腐蚀由碱性向酸性盐溶机制转变.而DZ792合金Ti含量较低,TiO2层在氧化膜内侧形成,外侧少量Ti氧化物形成稳定的NiTiO3尖晶石层.DZ792合金氧化膜外侧的富Cr2O3层与熔盐直接反应,抑制了热腐蚀反应,因而具有优异的抗热腐蚀能力.     

A comparative study of four modified Al coatings on Ni3Al-based single crystal superalloy

Four modified Al diffusion coatings (Al, Cr–Al, Al–Si and Cr–Al–Si coatings) were prepared on Ni₃Al based single crystal superalloy IC20. The oxidation tests were carried out at 1 150 °C for up to 100 h. Cyclic hot corrosion tests were carried out at 950 °C for 50 h. The results indicate that the oxidation and corrosion resistances of IC20 alloy are improved significantly by the coatings, and both oxidation and hot corrosion resistances of the four coatings are rated in the order (from worst to best) of Cr–Al, Al, Cr–Al–Si, Al–Si coatings. It is found that the degradations of Al and Cr–Al coatings are very quick due to the serious inter-diffusion between the coatings and substrates. The inter-diffusion between Si-containing coatings and substrates is reduced since Si effectively retards the outward diffusion of Mo. The weak effects of Cr and benefit effects of Si to the oxidation and hot corrosion resistance were discussed. The hot corrosion degradation mechanism of superalloy IC20 was analyzed.     

单道次热轧对Fe-15Si硅钢氧化层形貌的影响

将Fe-15Si硅钢试样分别在1000~1200℃空气条件下氧化30min，观察发现在1000℃和1100℃时，氧化层与基体界面处存在硅酸亚铁，而当温度为1200℃时，硅酸亚铁不但存在于界面处，同时也存在于氧化层中.将各温度下得到的带有氧化层的试样进行单道次热轧试验，压下率分别为10%和30%，发现1000℃和1100℃时，较高的压下率使氧化层破碎更加严重，但是单道次热轧未能改变氧化层的结构；当温度为1200℃时，由于液态的硅酸亚铁的出现，单道次热轧能够将界面处的液化的硅酸亚铁层挤压到氧化层中，消除了硅酸亚铁层的钉扎基体的效应，改善了氧化层与基体界面的平直度.     

新型定向凝固高温合金750℃抗热腐蚀性能

研究了涂有75%Na2SO4+25%NaCl盐膜的新型定向凝固镍基高温合金在750℃的热腐蚀行为,采用X射线衍射仪和带能谱的扫描电镜分析腐蚀产物相组成以及微观结构.结果表明:该合金在开始阶段腐蚀速率较大,随着腐蚀时间的延长以及合金腐蚀层厚度的增加,腐蚀速率降低.腐蚀层可分为3个区域:外层是以TiO2和Cr2O3为主相对疏松的氧化层,中间层具有保护性的是富Cr层,内层是以Al,Ti为主的氧化物以及点状分布的硫化物.合金的热腐蚀主要由氧化-硫化共存伴随着表面腐蚀物挥发形成,在此过程中腐蚀持续向合金基体推进,使得腐蚀层不断增厚.     

CrN/Cr涂层对Ti22Al26Nb合金的高温防护研究

采用电弧离子镀技术在O相Ti22Al26Nb合金表面镀覆CrN以及CrN/Cr涂层并研究了其在800和900℃空气中的等温氧化行为,结果显示O相钛合金表面施加单一的CrN涂层后,涂层表面在氧化时形成了保护性的氧化膜Cr2O3层,因此合金受到了良好的高温防护,但是涂层和基体合金之间发生了明显的互扩散;在CrN涂层和钛合金基体之间施加纯Cr扩散障层后形成的CrN/Cr涂层,其表面除了象单一CrN涂层那样氧化后形成了一层连续、致密、结合良好的保护性氧化膜Cr2O3层外,还能有效的抑制涂层与基体合金之间的互扩散,此外扩散障Cr层的存在使得靠近其基体的晶粒也出现了长大现象。     

超临界水中310-ODS钢表面氧化膜形成机制和性能

采用腐蚀增重方法研究310-ODS钢在600℃低溶氧的超临界水中的全面腐蚀敏感性,取样周期分别为100、300、600、1 000、1 500h,对试样表面氧化膜进行扫描电镜、能谱仪和X射线衍射仪分析.结果表明:310-ODS钢在浸泡早期(300h)已经在表面形成较为致密的氧化膜,腐蚀速率快速降低;氧化膜为双层结构,内层致密富Cr,外层多孔富Fe,随着浸泡时间的增加,内层变得均匀,外层变化不大.310-ODS钢在600℃超临界水中的氧化过程满足固态生长机制,晶界处的Y2O3改善了材料的耐腐蚀性能.     

Isothermal oxidation behavior and mechanism of a nickel-based superalloy at 1000℃

The oxidation behavior of a nickel-based superalloy at 1000°C in air was investigated through X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, andenergy-dispersive spectroscopy analysis. A series of oxides, including external oxide scales (Cr2O3, (TiO2 + MnCr2O4)) and internal oxides (Al2O3,TiN), were formed on the surface or sub-surface of the substrate at 1000°C in experimental still air. The oxidation re-sistance of the alloy was dependent on the stability of the surface oxide layer. The continuity and density of the protective Cr2O3 scale were affected by minor alloying elements such as Ti and Mn. The outermost oxide scale was composed of TiO2 rutile and MnCr2O4 spinel, and the growth of TiO2particles was controlled by the outer diffusion of Ti ions through the pre-existing oxide layer. Severe internal oxidation oc-curred beneath the external oxide scale, consuming Al and Ti of the strength phaseγ′ (Ni3(Al,Ti)) and thereby severely deteriorating the sur-face mechanical properties. The depth of the internal oxidation region was approximately 35μm after exposure to experimental air at 1000°C for 80 h.     

Rare earth effect of yttrium on formation and property of Cr_2O_3 oxide film formed on Co-Cr binary alloy

The isothermal oxidizing kinetics of Co-40Cr alloy and its yttrium ion-implanted samples were studied at 1000 ℃ in air by thermal-gravity analysis (TGA). Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) was used to examine the Cr2O3 oxide film's morphology after oxidation. Secondary ion mass spectrum (SIMS) method was used to examine the binding energy change of chromium caused by Y-doping and its influence on formation of Cr2O3 film. Acoustic emission (AE) method was used in situ to monitor the cracking and spalling of oxide films formed on both samples during oxidizing and subsequent air-cooling stages. Theoretical model simulating the film fracture process was proposed to analyze the acoustic emission spectrum both on time domain and on AE-event number domain. It is found that yttrium ion-implantation can remarkably reduce the isothermal oxidizing rate of Co-40Cr and improve the anti-cracking and anti-spalling properties of Cr2O3 oxide film. Reasons for the improvement are mainly that the implanted yttrium can reduce the grain size of Cr2O3 oxide, increase the high temperature plasticity of oxide film, and remarkably reduce the number and size of Cr2O3/Co-40Cr interfacial defects.     

氧化铈对NiCoCrAlY涂层抗热腐蚀性能的影响

为了研究纳米氧化铈对NiCoCrAlY涂层抗热腐蚀性能的影响,考察了添加3种不同含量纳米氧化铈的NiCoCrAlY熔覆涂层在1 050℃混合硫酸盐(质量分数为75％ Na2SO4-+25％ K2SO4)作用下的热腐蚀行为,并与未加纳米颗粒的涂层进行了比较.结果表明:添加纳米氧化铈后,涂层的抗热腐蚀性能得到了较大提高,其...     

PLGA/硬石复合涂层镁基纳米复合材料在植入应用时的体外生物活性和腐蚀行为

A type of polymer/ceramic coating was introduced on a magnesium-based nanocomposite, and the nanocomposite was evaluated for implant applications. The microstructure, corrosion, and bioactivity of the coated and uncoated samples were assessed. Mechanical alloying followed by sintering was applied to fabricate the Mg–3Zn–0.5Ag–15NiTi nanocomposite substrate. Moreover, different contents of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) coatings were studied, and 10wt% of PLGA content was selected. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the bulk nanocomposite showed an acceptable homogenous dispersion of the NiTi nanoparticles (NPs) in the Mg-based matrix. In the in vitro bioactivity evaluation, following the immersion of the uncoated and coated samples in a simulated body fluid (SBF) solution, the Ca/P atomic ratio demonstrated that the apatite formation amount on the coated sample was greater than that on the uncoated nanocomposite. Furthermore, assessing the corrosion resistance indicated that the coatings on the Mg-based substrate led to a corrosion current density (i_corr) that was considerably lower than that of the substrate. Such a condition revealed that the coating would provide an obstacle for the corrosion. Based on this study, the PLGA/hardystonite (HT) composite-coated Mg–3Zn–0.5Ag–15NiTi nanocomposite may be suitably applied as an orthopedic implant biomaterial.     

Wear and corrosion resistance of laser-cladded Fe-based composite coatings on AISI 4130 steel

The wear and corrosion resistance of Fe_72.2Cr_16.8Ni_7.3Mo_1.6Mn_0.7C_0.2Si_1.2 and Fe_77.3Cr_15.8Ni_3.9Mo_1.1Mn_0.5C_0.2Si_1.2 coatings laser-cladded on AISI 4130 steel were studied. The coatings possess excellent wear and corrosion resistance despite the absence of expensive yttrium, tungsten, and cobalt and very little molybdenum. The microstructure mainly consists of dendrites and eutectic phases, such as duplex (γ+α)-Fe and the Fe–Cr (Ni) solid solution, confirmed via energy dispersive spectrometry and X-ray diffraction. The cladded Fe-based coatings have lower coefficients of friction, and narrower and shallower wear tracks than the substrate without the cladding, and the main wear mechanism is mild abrasive wear. Electrochemical test results suggest that the soft Fe_72.2Cr_16.8Ni_7.3Mo_1.6Mn_0.7C_0.2Si_1.2 coating with high Cr and Ni concentrations has high passivation resistance, low corrosion current, and positive corrosion potential, providing a better protective barrier layer to the AISI 4130 steel against corrosion.     

等离子喷涂热障涂层的屈曲失效分析

在工作环境中,典型的等离子喷涂热障涂层结构会在陶瓷层和氧化层界面出现分层现象,导致冷却过程中受面内压应力作用的陶瓷层发生屈曲和剥落失效现象.本文采用能量方法建立了分层后陶瓷层(边界固支单层板)屈曲的临界条件,分析了分层形状、陶瓷层面内应力、弹性模量、厚度对临界条件的影响.这些结果可为考虑陶瓷层屈曲失效的寿命预测模型提供一定的理论依据.     

温度对3%Cr管线钢CO_2腐蚀产物膜的影响

经济型低Cr合金钢具有较好的抗CO2腐蚀性能,利用高温高压反应釜研究了3%Cr管线钢的CO2腐蚀行为,采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱仪(EDS)等对腐蚀产物膜的微观形貌、化学成分以及结构进行分析,探讨了温度对3%Cr管线钢腐蚀产物膜的影响.结果表明,CO2分压0.8 MPa、液体流速1.0 m.s-1时,在40～140℃范围内,3%Cr管线钢均未发生局部腐蚀,其平均腐蚀速率呈先升高后降低的趋势,峰值温度在100℃左右.3%Cr管线钢的腐蚀产物膜具有两层结构:内层膜为致密的富Cr层(Cr富集程度可高达Cr/Fe=8/5),主要由含Cr化合物和非晶态FeCO3构成,并随着温度的升高,Cr富集程度增加,内层膜厚度降低;外层膜则由晶态FeCO3堆积而成.     

A comparative study of four modified Al coatings on Ni3Al-based single crystal superalloy

Four modified Al diffusion coatings (Al, Cr? Al, Al?Si and Cr? Al ? Si coatings) were prepared on Ni3Al based single crystal superalloy IC20. The oxidation tests were carried out at 1 150 °C for up to 100 h. Cyclic hot corrosion tests were carried out at 950 °C for 50 h. The results indicate that the oxidation and corrosion resistance s of IC20 alloy are improved significantly by the coatings, and both oxidation and hot corrosion resistances of the four coatings are rated in the order (from worst to best) of Cr ? Al, Al, Cr ? Al ? Si, Al? Si coatings. It is found that the degradations of Al and Cr ? Al coatings are very quick due to the serious inter-diffusion between the coatings and substrates. The inter-diffusion between Si-containing coatings and substrates is reduced since Si effe ctively retards the outward diffusion of Mo. The weak effects of Cr and benefit effects of Si to the oxidation and hot corrosion resistance were discussed. The hot corrosion degradation mechanism of superalloy IC20 was analyzed.     

镍基合金C276在超临界水中的腐蚀行为

研究镍基合金C276在550~650益/25 MPa超临界水中的腐蚀特性。采用腐蚀增重、扫描电镜、能谱和X射线衍射方法分析材料的氧化动力学、氧化膜形貌、合金元素分布和组织结构。结果表明,C276合金在超临界水中以均匀腐蚀为主,其腐蚀增重服从抛物线生长规律。当温度由550益升高到600益时,材料的腐蚀增重大约升高到3倍;当温度进一步升高到650益时,材料的腐蚀增重反而下降。 C276合金表面氧化膜分层不明显,氧化膜的主要成分为( Ni,Fe) Cr2 O4,同时其表层离散分布着大量的NiO氧化物颗粒。 C276合金表面氧化膜的保护性能主要取决于氧化膜内Cr含量,Cr含量越高其结构越致密,从而保护性能也越好。     

含氯离子环境下锌铝伪合金涂层的耐蚀性及电化学特性

采用盐雾试验和电化学阻抗谱测试技术研究了纯锌和锌铝伪合金涂层在含氯离子环境中的腐蚀行为和电化学特性,通过扫描电镜、X射线物相分析等手段研究了原始涂层及腐蚀后的表面形貌和腐蚀产物的相结构,并对两种涂层的腐蚀机理进行了初步的探讨.随着盐雾时间的增加,纯锌涂层表面逐渐生成疏松多孔的胞状腐蚀产物层,主要腐蚀产物为Zn5(OH)8-Cl2H2O、ZnO和Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6,盐雾试验达到768 h后腐蚀产物层局部区域发生龟裂.锌铝伪合金涂层表面生成致密的腐蚀产物层,主要为Zn5(OH)8Cl2H2O、Zn0.71Al0.29(OH)2(CO3)0.145.xH2O及ZnAl2O4.电化学阻抗谱测试结果表明:随着盐雾时间的延长,两种涂层的电荷转移电阻均逐渐增大,但锌铝伪合金涂层的阻抗要明显大于纯锌涂层,表现出了更好的耐蚀性.