氰化脆硫锑铅矿和磁黄铁矿选择性分离

为了更好地分选磁黄铁矿和脆硫锑铅矿,研究了磁黄铁矿和脆硫锑铅矿在乙黄药体系下的浮选行为,并选用氰化钾做调整剂进行选择性分离浮选试验,通过红外光谱测定矿物表面与药剂的吸附产物.研究结果表明:在pH值为2～11时,磁黄铁矿和脆硫锑铅矿二者浮选行为相似,均有良好的可浮性;氰化钾可以很好地分离脆硫锑铅矿和磁黄铁矿;氰化钾在脆硫锑铅矿表面未发生吸附,而在磁黄铁矿表面发生吸附,生成铁氰配合物,从而抑制了磁黄铁矿的上浮.     

方铅矿与黄铁矿浮选分离的矿浆电化学研究Ⅲ．方铅矿与黄铁矿混合精矿的浮选分离

以丁基黄药为捕收剂的方铅矿与黄铁矿混合精矿体系，按照电位与可浮性的关系，两矿物在还原性矿浆电位浮选分离的电位差在热力学上仅为５０ｍＶ，而在动力学上达到了２０７ｍＶ。采用接触角测定、单矿物浮选、混合矿分离等方法，可以证实依据方铅矿表面丁基黄原酸铅和黄铁矿表面丁基双黄药的电化学还原动力学性质的差异，实现方铅矿与黄铁矿混合精矿的电化学浮选分离。     

鞣酸对方铅矿及黄铁矿的抑制作用

通过浮选试验发现有机抑制剂鞣酸能强烈抑制方铅矿和黄铁矿的浮选而对黄铜矿浮选影响较小.通过吸附量、紫外光谱、循环伏安扫描及交流阻抗法研究了鞣酸对方铅矿和黄铁矿的抑制机理.结果表明:鞣酸吸附在方铅矿和黄铁矿表面,增大了矿物表面的法拉第反应电阻;鞣酸能够影响乙基黄药在方铅矿和黄铁矿表面的电化学反应,阻碍部分乙基黄药在方铅矿和黄铁矿表面吸附.鞣酸本身的亲水性以及能够减少乙基黄药在矿物表面疏水产物的生成,是鞣酸能够强烈抑制黄铁矿及方铅矿浮选的原因.     

古尔胶和鞣酸添加方式对硫化矿浮选的影响

通过浮选实验研究了两种不同结构的有机抑制剂古尔胶和鞣酸以及这两种药剂与乙基黄药不同添加顺序对方铅矿、黄铜矿及黄铁矿浮选行为的影响.当先加入古尔胶时,古尔胶对三种硫化矿抑制作用较强;而古尔胶后于乙基黄药加入时,古尔胶对三种硫化矿的抑制作用明显减弱.鞣酸与乙基黄药不同的添加顺序不影响鞣酸对黄铁矿和方铅矿的抑制作用.紫外光谱研究表明,古尔胶对乙基黄药在三种硫化矿表面吸附没有影响,而鞣酸能够阻碍乙基黄药在硫化矿表面吸附.红外光谱研究表明,鞣酸通过化学作用吸附在方铅矿表面,因此能够抑制吸附了乙基黄药的硫化矿.     

钠长石在蛇纹石与镍黄铁矿浮选分离中的作用

针对蛇纹石易与镍黄铁矿形成异质凝聚而影响其浮选分离的问题，提出添加钠长石改善镍黄铁矿和蛇纹石浮选分离效果并研究钠长石的影响机制.单矿物及人工混合矿浮选试验结果表明，添加钠长石后镍黄铁矿的浮选回收率可从44%提高至81%,表明钠长石的添加削弱了蛇纹石与镍黄铁矿之间的异质凝聚，并增强了镍黄铁矿的可浮性.浊度测量、Zeta电位测试、SEM-EDS测试、吸附量测试以及DLVO理论计算结果表明，钠长石在特定pH条件下荷强负电，且负电性强于镍黄铁矿，更易与荷正电的蛇纹石颗粒通过静电引力形成异质凝聚，从而减弱了蛇纹石在镍黄铁矿表面的黏附，改善了镍黄铁矿的可浮性，使镍黄铁矿可浮性得以提升、回收率大幅提高，进而实现其与蛇纹石的有效分离.     

氧化剂在刺槐豆胶浮选分离方铅矿和闪锌矿中的作用及机理

通过浮选试验、吸附量测试及X线光电子能谱分析(XPS),研究氧化剂高锰酸钾在刺槐豆胶浮选分离方铅矿和闪锌矿中的作用,考察高锰酸钾强化刺槐豆胶抑制闪锌矿的作用机理。研究结果表明:使用丁黄药为捕收剂时,方铅矿和闪锌矿可浮性均较好,刺槐豆胶对方铅矿和闪锌矿均有较强的抑制作用,二者难以分离。在有氧化剂高锰酸钾存在时,少量刺槐豆胶就能完全抑制闪锌矿的上浮,而对方铅矿的抑制作用较弱,因此联合使用高锰酸钾和刺槐豆胶能够实现方铅矿和闪锌矿的浮选分离。刺槐豆胶主要通过与闪锌矿表面生成的氧化产物发生化学反应而吸附在闪锌矿表面,高锰酸钾的加入使闪锌矿表面生成了更多的氧化产物,显著提高了刺槐豆胶在闪锌矿表面的吸附量,导致其对闪锌矿的抑制效果增强。     

超细氰化尾渣中铜铅矿物颗粒界面性质

山东某冶炼厂氰化尾渣无法实现铜铅分选,通过XRD、激光粒度仪、浮选实验、FTIR、SEM-EDS、金相显微镜等方法,研究了氰化尾渣铜铅矿物颗粒界面性质.结果表明,渣中主要矿物为方铅矿、黄铜矿、黄铁矿、闪锌矿,粒度小于38μm质量分数为95.61%.氰化尾渣中的方铅矿和黄铜矿表面含有大量油状物,此油状物被证明是机械润滑油.黄铜矿表面吸附大量润滑油,造成黄铜矿无法被氰化物抑制.细颗粒方铅矿通过疏水作用力包裹在黄铜矿表面,导致铜铅无法分选.     

2，3-二羟基丙基二硫代碳酸钠对铜铅硫化矿浮选行为的影响

在乙硫氮浮选体系下,研究了小分子有机抑制剂2,3-二羟基丙基二硫代碳酸钠(SGX)对黄铜矿和方铅矿可浮性的影响,并通过动电位测试和红外光谱分析,探讨了SGX与两种矿物表面的相互作用机理.单矿物浮选试验结果表明:在整个pH值范围内,SGX对黄铜矿的浮选有一定的促进作用,而对方铅矿有强的抑制作用;随着SGX质量浓度的增加,方铅矿的回收率迅速下降,而黄铜矿的回收率有小幅度的增加.人工混合矿浮选试验结果表明,当矿浆pH值为6,SGX质量浓度为19g/L时,可得到较好的分离效果,精矿中铜的质量分数和回收率分别为2966%和8523%.动电位和红外光谱测试分析结果表明SGX与方铅矿之间的吸附能力明显强于黄铜矿.     

HA和石灰组合剂对铜镍硫化矿浮选分离的影响

通过黄铜矿和镍黄铁矿单矿物、混合矿和金川二矿区铜镍硫化矿矿石三产品浮选分离试验,证明在碱性矿浆中,用Z-200作捕收剂,HA和石灰作组合抑制剂,可有效地浮选分离黄铜矿和镍黄铁矿。     

基于活性位点调控的黄铁矿浮选抑制研究进展

黄铁矿(FeS₂)是地壳中分布最广的硫化矿,也是黄铜矿(CuFeS₂)、方铅矿(PbS)、闪锌矿(ZnS)等硫化矿的常见脉石矿物。在浮选中,主要通过抑制黄铁矿表面活性位点来实现黄铁矿与其他硫化矿的分离,常用的抑制方法可归纳为以下两类：1)通过吸附掩盖黄铁矿表面活性位点并增强其润湿性。该方法主要借助抑制剂的使用,在抑制剂亲固端与黄铁矿表面活性位点稳定键合后,抑制剂亲水端显著提升了黄铁矿表面润湿性,从而实现对黄铁矿的有效抑制。该抑制方法的抑制效率较高但选择性不足。2)通过氧化转化黄铁矿表面活性位点,例如通过磨矿或使用微生物及无机抑制剂等将黄铁矿表面的MS活性位点转化为MO/MOOH/MOH等,削弱捕收剂在黄铁矿表面的吸附强度,同时亲水的氧化产物也增强了黄铁矿表面的润湿性。该抑制方法的选择性较高,但仍存在抑制过程耗时长或抑制剂毒性高等不足。本文基于掩盖或转化活性位点的角度综述近年来黄铁矿抑制领域的研究进展,通过对比目前各类黄铁矿抑制方法的优缺点,就吸附掩盖活性位点和氧化转化活性位点两个方向提出具有潜力的研究方向。在吸附掩盖活性位点方面,可以结合机器...     

The selective effect of food-grade guar gum on chalcopyrite-monoclinic pyrrhotite separation using mixed aerofloat(CSU11) as collector

The flotation separation of chalcopyrite from monoclinic pyrrhotite using food-grade guar gum(FGG) as a depressant was studied through flotation tests, kinetic studies, dynamic potential measurements, adsorption experiments, and infrared spectral analyses. The microflotation results showed that the flotation separation of chalcopyrite from monoclinic pyrrhotite could not be realized by adding mixed aerofloat(CSU11) alone. The depressant FGG exhibited a selective depression effect on monoclinic pyrrhotite by controlling the pulp pH range from 5.0 to 6.0, with a maximum floatability variation of 79.36% in the presence of CSU11. The flotation kinetics, zeta-potential, adsorption, and infrared spectroscopy studies revealed that the FGG could absorb more strongly on the surface of monoclinic pyrrhotite than on the surface of chalcopyrite. In addition, the results revealed that the interaction of FGG with the monoclinic pyrrhotite surface was governed primarily by strong chemisorption, whereas FGG mainly bonded to chalcopyrite through hydrogen bonding. This difference was responsible for the excellent depression selectivity of FGG toward monoclinic pyrrhotite flotation and weak depression effect toward chalcopyrite flotation.     

The selective effect of food-grade guar gum on chalcopyrite-monoclinic pyrrhotite separation using mixed aerofloat (CSU11) as collector

The flotation separation of chalcopyrite from monoclinic pyrrhotite using food-grade guar gum (FGG) as a depressant was studied through flotation tests, kinetic studies, dynamic potential measurements, adsorption experiments, and infrared spectral analyses. The microflotation results showed that the flotation separation of chalcopyrite from monoclinic pyrrhotite could not be realized by adding mixed aerofloat (CSU11) alone. The depressant FGG exhibited a selective depression effect on monoclinic pyrrhotite by controlling the pulp pH range from 5.0 to 6.0, with a maximum floatability variation of 79.36% in the presence of CSU11. The flotation kinetics, zeta-potential, adsorption, and infrared spectroscopy studies revealed that the FGG could absorb more strongly on the surface of monoclinic pyrrhotite than on the surface of chalcopyrite. In addition, the results revealed that the interaction of FGG with the monoclinic pyrrhotite surface was governed primarily by strong chemisorption, whereas FGG mainly bonded to chalcopyrite through hydrogen bonding. This difference was responsible for the excellent depression selectivity of FGG toward monoclinic pyrrhotite flotation and weak depression effect toward chalcopyrite flotation.     

Selective depression mechanism of ferric chromium lignin sulfonate for chalcopyrite–galena flotation separation

Selective recovery of chalcopyrite–galena ore by flotation remains a challenging issue. The development of highly efficient, low-cost, and environmentally friendly depressants for this flotation is necessary because most of available reagents (e.g., K₂Cr₂O₄) are expensive and adversely affect the environment. In this study, ferric chromium lignin sulfonate (FCLS), which is a waste-product from the paper and pulp industry, was introduced as a selective depressant for galena with butyl xanthate (BX) as a collector. Results show that the residue recovery of Pb in Cu concentrate was substantially reduced to 4.73% using FCLS compared with 10.71% using the common depressant K₂Cr₂O₄. The underlying mechanisms were revealed using zeta-potential measurements and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Zeta-potential measurements revealed that FCLS was more efficiently absorbed onto galena than onto chalcopyrite. XPS measurements further suggested that FCLS enhanced the surface oxidation of galena but prevented that of chalcopyrite. Thus, FCLS could be a potential candidate as a depressant for chalcopyrite–galena flotation because of its low cost and its lack of detrimental effects on the environment.     

Physical chemistry mechanisms of CDR system in sulphide mineral flotation

The flotation tests, zeta potential measurements, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis on galena, sphalerite, and pyrite were studied in a collecting-depressing-reactivating (CDR) system. In this system, sulphide minerals were first collected and activated by the collector, and then depressed strongly by Ca(OH)₂ in a strong alkaline solution. Finally, they were reactivated by H₂SO₄. The flotation tests of pure minerals showed that in the Ca(OH)₂ depressing process sulphide minerals had similar flotation characteristics because they had already been influenced by the collector. Hence, the flotability differences between them were reduced. However, in the H₂SO₄ reactivating process considerable differences in the flotability between galena and sphalerite/pyrite were produced. That is to say, galena was relatively easy to be reactivated by H₂SO₄, but sphalerite and pyrite were not reactivated at pH > 11. The zeta potentials of sulfide minerals measured by the Zeta Plus presented irreversible characteristics on the change of pH values. The results of the FTIR spectra analysis indicated that the collectors already adsorbed on the mineral surface were removed partially by Ca(OH)₂.     

焦性没食子酸对硫化矿物的抑制性能和作用机理

研究了焦性没食子酸对硫化矿物浮选行为的影响及其作用机理，结果表明焦性没食子酸对方铅矿、黄铁矿、黄铜矿、闪锌矿具有抑制作用，对毒砂没有抑制作用，通过量子化学计算、亲固能计算以及能带结构分析等方法探讨了焦性没食子酸以硫化物的抑制机理。     

黄铜矿-方铅矿浮选分离的电化学研究

选用双氧水作抑制剂,实现了人工和现厂的铜-铅混合精矿的选择性浮选分离。通过矿浆电位测量和循环伏安曲线测定,详细地研究了双氧水的抑制机理。研究结果表明,双氧水能够氧化分解方铅矿表面的乙基黄原酸铅,但未能氧化黄铜矿表面的双黄药,由此造成双氧水作用的选择性。     

福建尤溪梅仙地区马面山群变质岩原岩恢复及其与铅锌成矿的关系

通过变质岩产状、矿物组合及组构特征、矿物间的交代关系、典型矿物空间分布特征、岩石化学、稀土元素化学等方面对原岩恢复进行研究。研究结果表明:丁家山铅锌矿区新元古代马面山群变质岩均为副变质岩,其中石英云母系列变质岩的原岩为泥质粉砂岩和粉砂质泥岩,石榴子石绿帘石透辉石系列变质岩原岩为钙质泥岩、钙质泥质粉砂岩、钙质粉砂质泥岩、泥灰岩等富钙质岩类,而大理岩类的变质原岩为钙镁质沉积岩;丁家山铅锌矿为马面山群龙北溪组上段经加里东期区域变质的富钙质沉积岩与燕山期花岗岩发生接触交代作用而形成的矽卡岩型矿床,矿区广泛存在的石榴子石、透辉石、绿帘石等非金属矿物与磁铁矿、磁黄铁矿、黄铁矿、闪锌矿和方铅矿等金属矿物同为接触交代变质作用在不同阶段的产物。