考虑非绝热的超长波的尺度分析

本文将超长波的尺度分析推广到非绝热加热的情况。指出若纬向波长比经向波长大一个量级时,非绝热作用必需考虑。反之,可以忽略不计。最后,得到两种情况下的近似方程。     

热带气旋的成因及其与温带气旋的比较

根据移动圆柱坐标系的准Lagrangian角动量收支方程和径向环流方程,利用FGGE资料,对“Nancy”台风过程进行了计算和分析,并同温带气旋的角动量收支作了比较。诊断研究表明,热带气旋的非绝热加热比典型温带气旋的非绝热加热大2—3倍。上述两种,气旋发生发展过程中的角动量收支都主要是来自侧边界的输送,即径向环流的作用是十分重要的,但驱动径向环流的主要因子有所不同。驱动热带气旋的径向环流的主要因子是非绝热加热;而在温带气旋中,相对重要的驱动因子是同锋区斜压不稳定有关的力矩。     

对流性垂直运动和凝结加热过程

本文采用小扰动线性化的非绝热模式计算对流的垂直运动,着重讨论非绝热加热过程的垂直分布对垂直运动场的影响,同时也计算了其他因子对垂直运动场的影响的相对重要性。结果表明,非绝热加热过程的强度及其垂直分布对垂直运动的垂直分布及大小是决定性的因子,静力稳定度因子的作用也是重要的,而平均纬向风速的水平及垂直切变则具有一定的作用。     

南海夏季风强弱年青藏高原地区春季大气的低频振荡特征

利用NCEP／NCAR再分析资料和气象台站逐日地温、气温观测资料,通过带通滤波的方法对南海夏季风典型强弱年,青藏高原地区3—6月大气低频振荡信号分布和传播特征进行了分析研究．指出在春季青藏高原地区的高度场和纬向风场存在30-60d大气低频振荡、准双周和5—7d的大气振荡．揭示了在典型的南海夏季风强、弱年,200hPa,500hPa上低频振荡产生的位置,强度及传播特征各不相同．在典型强季风年份,高原北部形成低频振荡并向北传播;而在弱季风年份,高原地区的低频振荡具有原地振荡的显著特征．在强季风年,高原的非绝热加热削弱高原地区低频波,非绝热加热在高原以外的东西两侧中再现出来,与南北两支急流相联系．在弱季风年份,高原地区的非绝热加热起着加强高原地区低频波的作用;形成了以高原为中心的准南北方向上的振荡特征．     

复杂地形上的低层风场特征

为了获得复杂地形上的城市地区低层风场特征,结合各个分散站点的实测风场资料,利用质量守恒风场调整模式M CF进行了三维风场模拟分析。以北京为例,对该地区低层大气的平均流动状况和局地扰动状况进行了模拟,获得了该地区流场总体平均状态和局地扰动状态的时空变化。结果表明:该地区风场季节变化主要受大尺度背景风场决定;流场的垂直分布主要由地形和背景风场共同决定。冬季流场主要受地形动力作用,而夏季则受热力作用,具有很强的局地环流;晴稳天气条件下,低层流场受地形扰动影响较强,其影响表现为水平涡旋形态,城市对涡旋产生也具有显著的影响。     

加热过程对热带气旋生成的数值试验

用Pielke等的中尺度两维原始方程数值模式研究海气相互作用和其它非绝热加热过程对热带气旋生成的作用。进行了7种数值试验,即:(1)只考虑无云情况下的辐射加热作用;(2)考虑辐射加热和不均匀的云量效应;(3)只考虑海气交界面上的潜热和感热通量;(4)大尺度凝结、对流调整、辐射和洋面上潜热感热输送;(5)积云对流凝结加热和云天辐射;(6)积云对流凝结加热和洋面上的潜热感热通量;和(7)积云对流凝结加热、洋面上的潜热、感热通量和云天辐射等全部加热过程。 结果表明:积云对流凝结加热对热带气旋的生成起最重要的作用,大尺度凝结加热和对流调整趋于使低压填塞,而洋面上的潜热、感热通量也起不可缺少的作用。     

兰州附近地区地面风场的数值模拟实验

本文用一个考虑了小尺度地形和摩擦作用的一层原始方程模式计算兰州附近地区地面风场.将计算结果与实测风比较表明.该模式能模拟出复杂地形条件下地面风场的基本特征.     

层结流体中缓变地形与耗散作用下的孤立Rossby波

在层结流体中,从带有热外源、缓变地形的下边界条件以及带有耗散的绝热准地转位涡度方程出发,利用小参数展开与时空伸长变换推导了具有热外源、β效应、耗散作用、缓变地形效应的Rossby孤立波方程,得到Rossby孤立波振幅的演变满足带有耗散、热外源与缓变地形的非齐次非线性(KdV-Burgers)方程的结论.     

角动量系统在外加旋转磁场下的非绝热Berry相

利用 Mathematica软件求解了角动量 l=1的系统在强外加旋转磁场下的含时间 Schr dinger方程 ,得出了非绝热条件下的精确解 ,给出了任意初始态在非绝热条件下成为周期态的条件。比较绝热条件下瞬时态的 Berry相和非绝热过程的 Aharonov- Anandan相因子 ,发现在磁场缓慢旋转的极限下二者趋于一致。还利用算符分解方法给出了任意大l的量系统的解的形式 ,并对 l=1的情况得出了与 Mathe-matica精确解法同样的结果 ,从另一个角度给出了非绝热Berry相。该方法还可以推广到研究耦合自旋链模型的拓扑相因子     

台风风特性现场实测与数值模拟研究综述

台风风特性的现场实测与计算流体力学(computational fluid dynamics, CFD)数值模拟是研究台风作用下结构风效应和城市地形风场特性的主要方法。采用综述形式,对当前台风风场特性现场实测与数值模拟研究的基本方法、主要内容、待解决问题及未来发展趋势进行了归纳及总结。现场实测台风数据为台风风特性的研究提供有力的科学根据,在数值模拟软件中对台风风场进行模拟极大方便了对台风风特性的研究。目前,台风实测数据还十分有限,台风非平稳性和地域性差异等因素导致难以用数值模拟的方式准确描述城市地形风场环境。未来,需以现场实测和数值模拟相结合的方式,总结风场特性,对城市地形风场建立适配的台风数学分析模型,得到合适的结构设计风参数选值方法。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-