一种分数阶卡尔曼滤波器

传统卡尔曼滤波器一般适用于整数阶系统,为了使卡尔曼滤波器的应用由整数阶系统扩展到分数阶系统,将分数阶系统与卡尔曼滤波算法相结合——将离散分数阶微积分定义的状态空间表达式融入传统卡尔曼滤波器的表达形式中,推导得到一种基于分数阶系统的卡尔曼滤波器算法.仿真实验将输出量与两个状态量分别作为研究对象,利用MATLAB设计了分数阶卡尔曼滤波器算法模块,通过对象的输入和受到噪声污染的输出最优估计出对象的状态,证明了本文提出的分数阶卡尔曼滤波器具有良好的滤波和状态估测力.     

目标机动性未知时的多平台交互式多模型融合算法

多平台的交互式多模型（IMM）Kalman滤波器是一种比较有效的机动目标跟踪估计方法．但当目标存在未知机动时,基于模型的估计器的精度就会下降．目标跟踪中的输入估计技术可对未知机动性进行估计．本文在给出过程噪声和量测噪声相关情况下最小方差无偏（MVU）输入、状态滤波估计的基础上,提出了基于上述滤波器的分布式IMM多传感器多平台融合算法．仿真表明了该算法的有效性．     

组合导航系统新息自适应卡尔曼滤波算法

全球定位系统(GPS)量测噪声的不稳定变化将造成惯性导航系统(INS)/GPS舰用组合系统卡尔曼滤波器性能下降,在对自适应卡尔曼滤波器分析的基础上,提出了一种新的基于新息估计的自适应卡尔曼滤波算法.该算法通过计算新息方差强度的极大似然估计最优估计,将新息方差计算直接引入卡尔曼滤波器的增益计算.仿真结果表明,本文方法较标准卡尔曼滤波器可以提高系统精度和抗干扰能力.     

移动卫星通信低成本多传感器融合姿态估计方法

针对低成本移动卫星通信终端的天线姿态估计问题,提出了一种基于自适应滤波的低成本多传感器融合姿态估计方法.该方法通过融合微机械陀螺信息和加速度计重力场测量信息来得到精确的水平姿态角估计;通过融合单基线GPS高精度的航向角测量与陀螺信息保证航向角精度.在单基线GPS失锁的情况下,利用机动加速度观测对融合滤波器进行自适应控制,与标准平方根无迹卡尔曼滤波器相比,有效地克服了机动加速度影响.实验结果表明:所提出的低成本姿态估计方法在单基线GPS锁定或短时间失锁情况下,能够满足宽带移动卫星通信天线波束对准精度要求,三维姿态角误差均小于0.5°.     

带随机参数线性系统参数和状态估计的两阶段卡尔曼滤波算法

本文提出了一种带随机参数线性系统参数和状态估计的两阶段卡尔曼滤波算法.先利用卡尔曼滤波器和参数的观测信息作出参数的估计;然后把参数估计值代入状态方程得到原状态方程的近似,再次利用卡尔曼滤波器和观测信息作出状态的估计.优点是节省计算量,同时,估计的精度也有所提高.     

一种自适应跟踪滤波方法

本文针对防空系统中警戒雷达的跟踪滤波问题,采用了一种以目标飞行的航向角作为模型参数的卡尔曼滤波器。通过对航向角的实时估计,模型在目标机动或非机动的情况下、均能与目标的运动相适应。本文对航向角的估计提出了一种新的估计方法。使用该方法,航向角的估值在任何情况下都有较高的精度,从而使滤波器能较好地跟踪各种机动目标。     

卡尔曼滤波器在状态和参数估计中的应用

应用有限差分法代替非线性函数的偏导数计算以改进扩展卡尔曼滤波器，该改进算法用于非线性系统的状态和参数联合估计。结果表明，该滤波器可以代替常规的卡尔曼滤波器，具有滤波精度高、数值计算稳定、对模糊精度要求低和适用范围宽等优点。     

电力系统动态状态估计算法研究

为了提高电力系统动态状态估计的估计精度和收敛速度,引入一种解决非线性滤波问题的新型粒子滤波算法——混合卡尔曼粒子滤波器(Mixed Kalman Particle Filter,MKPF)。该算法采用扩展卡尔曼滤波器(EKF)与无迹卡尔曼滤波器(UKF)混合作为建议分布,得到一种更接近真实分布的近似表达式。仿真算例将MKPF与EKF和UKF进行了对比,比较结果证明在电力系统受到扰动之后,MKPF算法能够快速地收敛于真实值,且具有比EKF与UKF更高的估计精度和稳定性,达到了在线准确估计的要求。     

State Bounding 跟踪机动目标研究

提出一种用 State Bounding估计跟踪机动目标的算法。用预测集、观测集中心距检测目标机动 ,修正系统噪声集尺寸适应目标机动 ,很好地解决了用 state Bounding估计跟踪机动目标问题。模拟结果表明本算法与相应的 kalman滤波器的性能相比 ,有较好地机动目标跟踪能力     

基于扩展卡尔曼滤波器的液压驱动器状态估计

本文的液压驱动器属于不可观测的非线性系统,普通的状态观测器难以胜任系统的状态估计,故采用扩展卡尔曼滤波器对液压缸活塞腔和杆腔压力进行估计.建立了液压系统的4阶非线性状态空间模型,用高斯-牛顿法拟合模型参数,用关节角度信号通过扩展卡尔曼滤波器估计液压驱动器状态.仿真结果表明该方法可以精确估计液压缸压力,实验结果显示该方法估计的关节扭矩接近测量值;从而验证了扩展卡尔曼滤波器估计液压系统状态的有效性,为基于状态的故障诊断和液压驱动器控制提供了一定的借鉴.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.