喷枪个数对燃磷塔内燃烧效果的影响

磷酸是重要的化工产品,热法磷酸生产中,燃磷塔内黄磷的燃烧是必不可少的环节。优化塔的结构,在确保安全前提下提高塔内的燃烧效率是很有实用价值的课题。该文运用有限体积法和SIMPLE算法,对云南省化工研究院设计的2个和3个喷枪的新型燃磷塔内的湍流燃烧过程及辐射传热进行数值模拟,得到了燃磷塔内的速度场、温度场和组分质量分数场。比较结果表明,三喷枪燃磷塔略优于双喷枪燃磷塔。该结果对优化燃磷塔的设计有借鉴意义。     

新型热法磷酸燃磷塔传热系数计算

传热系数的确定是新型热法磷酸燃磷塔设计的关键。燃磷塔内的传热以辐射为主，其总体传热系数与辐射换热系数近似相等，是系统黑度、烟气平均温度及壁面温度的函数。提出了一种适用于连续快速燃烧燃磷塔传热系数计算的工程方法，并依燃磷量240kg/h燃磷塔的实测数据对其进行了校核，结果表明由该法计算得到的传热系数理论值与实际运行情况基本相符，能满足工程计算的精度要求。     

溶液除湿系统中再生子系统的运行参数分析

溶液除湿系统在生产和生活中已得到广泛应用,提高溶液除湿系统节能优势的关键措施之一是提高其再生子系统的效率.本文采用已得到实验验证的填料塔模型和逆流换热器模型,分别描述再生塔中溶液—空气传热传质过程和空气—空气换热器中逆流换热过程,然后用正交设计法安排数值实验.通过对实验结果的方差分析,确定了各运行参数及它们之间的交互作用的相对重要性.方差分析结果表明:以再生塔内水份蒸发速率作实验指标时,重要参数包括溶液入口温度和浓度、干空气与溶质之间的质量流量比率、再生空气入口温度;以再生塔再生效率作实验指标时,干空气与溶质之间的质量流量比率以及溶液入口温度是重要参数;参数之间的交互作用对再生塔内水份蒸发速率和再生效率都没有重要的影响.     

填料塔中真空汽提脱气过程的模型和计算

本文就传质、传热和流体阻力几方面着手分忻，从而对填料塔中真空汽提脱气过 程建立了数学模型，并据此计算了塔内气液两相的温度分布，浓度分布以及压力变化 等。 当进水温度一定时，存在一个最佳的塔压，它应稍高于进水温度的饱和蒸汽压； 在最佳塔压下，刚好保证整个滇料层在汽提下操作而没有绝热蒸发时的汽提蒸汽量为 最经济的用汽量．     

大型烟气脱硫塔的流体动力学模拟及优化设计

对大型烟气喷淋脱硫塔进行合理简化,并结合浆液液滴随机生成模型.采用基于k-ε的湍流方程和基于雷诺平均的Navier-Stocks控制方程,对喷淋脱硫塔进行了空塔和喷淋状态下的热态流场计算.计算结果表明:脱硫塔内入口处流场变化最剧烈,压降损失最大,因此对入口处进行改造可减小压降损失;喷淋浆液液滴对烟气流场具有强烈的整流作用,可以使空塔中的烟气漩涡强度和规模减小.根据计算结果对脱硫塔的来流烟道加以改造,并对改造后的脱硫塔进行了流场计算,计算结果表明,改造后烟气因塔内结构而产生的漩涡已明显减小,流场分布更为合理.     

运行状态下超大型冷却塔内表面风荷载的数值模拟研究

对运行状态下的某超大型双曲冷却塔的内表面平均风压进行了CFD数值模拟.在计算流体动力学软件基础上进行二次开发,采用DPM模型结合UDF函数方法加入源项来研究某超大型冷却塔内表面平均风压分布;塔中水相采用了拉格朗日方法模拟,而空气相采用欧拉方法模拟,较好地实现了冷却塔运行状态下的内外流场计算及其与传热传质的耦合计算,分析了运行状态下冷却塔横风向来流时的内压分布规律.无侧风工况下计算结果显示,塔运行过程中的内表面压力对称性良好,出水温度与实测结果相符,验证了本文提出的塔运行过程中的传热传质计算方法的正确性.侧风工况下得到塔内压力系数沿高度方向相应变大,而沿纬向变化不明显.同时讨论了中国规范对内表面压力系数的取值不完善之处,给出了建议取值,为超大型冷却塔设计过程中的内压计算提供方法和依据.     

剧烈燃烧型污染事故大气扩散规律的研究

通过黄磷剧烈燃烧事故对土壤污染规律的研究,分析剧烈燃烧型污染事故大气污染物浓度分布趋势,选择复杂地形上三维平流扩散方程数值模式进行计算,并绘制出水平流场和垂直剖面流场以及地面浓度分布图     

鼓泡塔内气含率分布与流场的CFD模拟

采用CFD商业软件对单层分布器、双层分布器和带导流筒3种结构鼓泡塔内气液分散性能进行数值模拟。研究结果表明,随着通气量的增加,鼓泡塔内气含率增高,但其分布的均匀性变差。鼓泡塔内存在过渡流域和充分发展流域,在过渡流域,塔内水平截面平均气含率随轴向高度而增加,在充分发展流域,塔内水平截面平均气含率不随轴向高度变化,2种流域的分界线位置和鼓泡塔的结构有关,而几乎不受通气量大小的影响。在相同通气量下,双层分布器和带导流筒鼓泡塔内平均气含率比单层分布器鼓泡塔低,但双层分布器相对单层分布器鼓泡塔可改善在耗氧反应体系中氧气分布的均匀性,采用带导流筒鼓泡塔可改善液体在塔内循环,使气-液反应在塔内更加均匀。     

煤粉压力燃烧特性及动力学分析

利用加压热重分析天平,采用非等温燃烧方法对国内某钢铁厂高炉典型喷吹煤粉的燃烧特性及反应动力学参数进行了实验研究。研究了在0.1,1.1,2.1,3.1,4.1 MPa压力等级下试样煤粉的着火温度、最大燃烧速率温度、燃尽温度、综合燃烧特性指数(S)、最大燃烧速率等燃烧特征参数,计算了煤粉燃烧过程的活化能(E)和指前因子(A)。结果表明,北区煤粉在压力等级由0.1 MPa升至4.1 MPa的燃烧过程中,着火点温度最多下降了85.7K,失重峰值温度最多提前了249.3K,燃尽温度最多下降了375K,最大燃烧速率最多提升了10倍,燃烧特性指数最大为常压下的33.6倍;两段热解活化能和指前因子的对数值之间存在动力学补偿效应;煤粉的反应控制条件及燃烧方式转变的临界压力为3.1MPa。     

往复式多孔介质超绝热燃烧中辐射传热有限体积法

对多孔介质中的往复式超绝热燃烧（简称为RSCP）进行了二维数值模拟,采用辐射传递的有限体积法求解了固相能量方程中的辐射源项．研究了预混气体流速、当量比和换向半周期等主要操作参数对RSCP系统中的温度分布、放热率、辐射热流量和辐射效率的影响,结果表明,有限体积法可以实现光学厚介质的非表面辐射流场与燃烧反应的耦合计算;RSCP燃烧器内部温度场呈典型的梯形,辐射热流近似正弦分布;在相同操作条件下,与常规多孔介质预混燃烧相比,RSCP燃烧器有更好的热结构和更高的辐射效率。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.